[608] Westermarck, op. cit., 393; Ratzel, op. cit., III, 16; Wilson and Felkin, Uganda and the Egyptian Soudan, I, 187. Purchase or exchange of gifts exists widely among the peoples on the northern borders of Abyssinia: Munzinger, Ostaf. Studien, 146 ff., 240, 241, 319 ff., 387. Cf. also Post, op. cit., 183, 184; Letourneau, op. cit., 137 ff.; Wake, op. cit., 213-15; Waitz, Anthropologie, II, 108-17 (many examples).
[609] Waitz, op. cit., II, 118, 119; Kohler, "Das Negerrecht," ZVR., XI, 422-24. In case of the death of a husband who has made part payment for his wife, the son or other heir pays the balance due and takes the woman: ibid., 423, 424. For cases of wife-pawning among the Siamese see Bastian, Rechtsverhältnisse, 407 ff.
[610] See particularly Kohler, in ZVR., V, 334 ff., who gives much interesting matter relating to these peoples; also Post, op. cit., 184 ff.; Letourneau, op. cit., 143 ff.; Westermarck, op. cit., 393, 395; Schroeder, Hochzeitsbräuche, passim; Buch, Die Wotjäken, loc. cit.
[611] Post, op. cit., 185, 186. Among the Kirgese of Semipalatinsk cattle are the unit of exchange in which other property is reckoned: ibid., 186. Post gives many interesting details as to prices of women among the Asiatic and European peoples.
[612] Post, ibid., 190 ff., gives examples. "Bei den Osseten im Kaukasus zahlt man für Wittwen die Hälfte des Brautpreises der Jungfrau, bei den Arabern am Sinai die Hälfte oder ein Drittel."—Ibid., 191. Cf. also Westermarck, op. cit., 392.
[613] Letourneau, L'évolution du mariage, 144. Women who have shown themselves fruitful sometimes bring more than girls: Post, op. cit., 190, 191; Die Anfänge des Staats- und Rechtsleben, 41 ff.; Afrikanische Jurisprudenz, I, 340, 341.
[614] Letourneau, op. cit., 143, 144. Cf. Koehne, "Das Recht der Kalmücken," ZVR., IX, 461 ff., who shows that the Kalmuck wife is in a relatively worthy position.
[615] Westermarck, op. cit., 394, 395; Jamieson, China Review, X, 78. But compare Möllendorff, Das chinesische Familienrecht, 21, 23, passim; and Smith, Village Life in China, chap. xxiii. According to Huc, Chinese Empire, II, 225 ff., the price is paid in two instalments, one part at the signing of the contract, another a few days before the wedding. Gifts are also made by the bridegroom's parents; while the bride's parents provide her with a trousseau. Cf. Kohler, "Aus dem chinesischen Civilrecht," ZVR., VI, 365 ff., 405, 406; Letourneau, op. cit., 144, 145; Ratzel, Hist. of Mankind, III, 493-508; Klemm, Kulturgeschichte, VI, 102-24.
[616] Smith, Kinship and Marriage, 77 ff. He quotes the following lines from the Kâmil, 270 ff.:
"Never let sister praise brother of hers: never let daughter bewail a father's death;
"For they have brought her where she is no longer a free woman, and they have banished her to the farthest ends of the earth."