[617] Smith, op. cit., 78, 79. Cf. on the Arabs, Letourneau, op. cit., 117; Westermarck, op. cit., 395; Post, op. cit., 191-93, passim; especially Kohler, "Studien," ZVR., V, 357 ff., and the literature there cited; idem, "Ueber das vorislamitische Recht," ibid., VIII, 241, 248, 259; and Tornauw, "Das Erbrecht nach den Verordnungen des Islams," ibid., V, 129-37; Friedrichs, "Das Eherecht des Islam," ibid., VII, 259-61, 243, 252, 272.
[618] Smith, op. cit., 79.
[619] Deut. 27:29; cf. Lichtschein, Die Ehe nach mosaisch-talmudischer Auffassung, 10.
[620] Ruth 4:10; Hosea 3:2. Cf. Smith, op. cit., 79; Westermarck, op. cit., 395; and in general on Hebrew matrimonial customs see Bader, La femme biblique, 1-225, 114, 115 (móhar).
[621] Wake, op. cit., 237; Weill, La femme juive (1874), 11, 12, 117 ff.
[622] Lichtschein, Die Ehe, 11, 12; Mielziner, Jewish Law of Marriage and Divorce, 77 ff. This author's surmise that the symbolical marriage with money was adopted under influence of the Roman coemptio is, of course, not well founded: ibid., 78 n. 2.
[623] Westermarck, op. cit., 395. Even in the days of Abraham the purchase price is beginning to be transformed into a dower: "And the servant brought forth jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment and gave them to Rebekah; he gave also to her brother and to her mother precious things."—Gen. 24:53. Cf. Westermarck, 408, and the authorities there cited.
[624] Kohler, in ZVR., V, 361. Cf. Letourneau, op. cit., 147, who says that so much do they regard wives as property that in case of remarriage the second husband has to indemnify the family of the first for the bride-price.
[625] Kohler, loc. cit., 361, 362. Even in recent times the chieftains in middle Albania were accustomed to steal their wives from Turkish families and to compel them to receive Christian baptism: ibid., 362.
[626] The "bride-wooer" appears in many places: Schroeder, Hochzeitsbräuche, 32-45, 200 ff.; Kohler, "Indische Gewohnheitsrechte," ZVR., VIII, 90.