[627] Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 309-11, 314. Leist, Alt-arisches Jus Gentium, 125-75, gives a masterly discussion of marriage among the early Aryans, with particular reference to the Hindus. With this should be compared the able paper of Kohler, "Indisches Ehe- und Familienrecht," ZVR., III, 342-442, who differs on some important points; and Schrader, Sprachvergleichung und Urgeschichte, 381 ff. The "rich presents" referred to consisted, in case of actual purchase, of one hundred cows; and Leist, op. cit., 128, notes the coincidence of this number with one hundred beeves mentioned by Homer, Iliad, xi, l. 244.
[628] See Apastamba, II, 6, 13, 12.
[629] But Manu is not always consistent regarding the legality of the actual bride-money; see Ordinances, IX, 93: Burnell and Hopkins, 260 n. 7; and cf. Kohler, "Indisches Ehe- und Familienrecht," ZVR., III, 345 n. 8.
[630] Burnell and Hopkins, Ordinances of Manu, Lect. III, 20, 21, 24, 31, 41 ff., 47-50. "This form is also practiced at the present day by people claiming to be Brahmans, e. g., the Caiva Brahmans, called 'Gurukkal,' in southern India, who seldom can get wives for less than a thousand rupees. It often happens that low-caste girls are palmed off on them."—Ibid., 49 n. 2. Cf. Jolly, Hindu Law of Partition, 73-76, for a discussion of the marriage forms; idem, Ueber die rechtliche Stellung der Frauen, 15-18.
[631] One of the eight marriage forms mentioned by Manu with approval: The "gift in due form of a maiden is called the Ārsha rite, when a pair or two of cattle have been legally received from the bridegroom."—Burnell and Hopkins, op. cit., III, 29, 48, 49. Cf. Jolly, op. cit., 16; Leist, Alt-arisches Jus Gentium, 130-33, for the consequences of disapproval of capture; and for the transformation of the purchase-price into the Çulka institution or dower, ibid., 501 ff.
[632] Westermarck, op. cit., 396; Dubois, A Description of the Character, Manners, and Customs of the People of India (Madras, 1862), 102; cf. Burnell and Hopkins, op. cit., 49 n. 2.
[633] Aristotle, Politics, II, viii. Compare Hruza, Ehebegründung, 8 ff.
[634] ἥδνα ἀπερείσια: Iliad, xvi, l. 178; Odyssey, xix, l. 529. Iliad, xi, ll. 244 f., mentions one hundred oxen as the price. Cf. Leist, op. cit., 128; Schrader, Sprachvergleichung und Urgeschichte, 381, 382.
[635] "Alphesiboia": Iliad, xviii, l. 593; cf. Westermarck, op. cit., 396; and Schrader, op. cit., 381.
[636] Poste, Gaius, I, 113, 88, and the editor's notes, 89 ff.