[994] For a good summary of the Sarum and other rituals see Friedberg, Eheschliessung, 36 ff.; and see the ceremonies of 1502 and 1554, in the "Gentlemen's Magazine Library," Manners and Customs, 57.
[995] Thus a manuscript manual of Salisbury use has this "curious addition;" the priest says: "Loo this gold and this siluer is leyd doun in signifyinge that the woman schal haue hure dower, thi goodes, zif heo abide aftur thy disces": fol. 17; ap. Maskell, Monumenta ritualia, I, 58 n. 14. Léon Gautier finds in the similar French custom a "reminiscence" of the marriage per solidum et denarium of the Salic law. "When the bridegroom pronounces these words: 'De mon bien je vous doue,' he delicately places in the little purse of the bride three pretty pieces of money, three new deniers. Not being able to put into her hands the fields, woods, and manors constituting the dower, he gives her its symbol. They went so far on account of this usage as to coin special deniers, 'deniers pour espouser'": La chevalerie, 428.
[996] "I pronounce that they be man and wife together, in the name of the Father," etc.: Ritual of the English church, in Bingham, Christian Marriage Ceremony, 166. "I join you together in marriage," etc.: Roman ritual, ibid., 178. The presence of similar phrases in all our modern ceremonies, civil or religious, is a striking proof of the essential difference between the function of the magistrate or priest now and that of his mediæval predecessor.
[997] Léon Gautier, La chevalerie, 426 n. 1; ap. Martene, De ritibus.
[998] Sohm, Eheschliessung, 164 ff., 67 ff.; cf. Friedberg, Eheschliessung, 94 ff.
[999] Sohm, op. cit., 164.
[1000] Ibid., 164 ff., 179 ff.
[1001] The ecclesiastical act, Handlung, was old; the ecclesiastical nuptials, geistliche Trauung, was new. This is Sohm's view, op. cit., 179 ff., 183, as opposed to Friedberg, Eheschliessung, 85.
[1002] "Tunc sacerdos det eam viro dicens verbis latinis: Et ego conjungo vos in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti. Amen": quoted in Sohm, op. cit., 165, 166, from a Rouen ritual of the fourteenth century in Martene's collection. Dieckhoff, Die kirch. Trauung, 82 ff., takes a different view. The Rouen ritual, he holds, is not a typical service. The priest does not now gain an essentially new function at the nuptials. His office has always been necessary to a Christian marriage. In addition to his original power of joining in wedlock, he merely adds the function exercised by the father or guardian in the formal tradition. Moreover, Dieckhoff's position is supported by some rituals, which seem to show that development on the continent was not uniform in this regard. Cf. Scheurl, Entwicklung, 110 ff., who discusses the divergent views of Sohm and Friedberg.
The last stage of evolution has not yet been reached in the eastern church. In the presence of the priest the bride and groom betroth and give themselves in marriage. The priest merely prays and blesses: Sohm, Zur Trauungsfrage, 19 ff.; Zhishman, Das Eherecht, 128, 135, 692 n. 1, 694 n. 1. For the marriage ritual of the Greek church see Martene, De ritibus, II, 140-44.