[1058] Pollock and Maitland, op. cit., II, 365, 366; Geary, Marriage and Family Relations, 1 ff.
[1059] Esmein, op. cit., I, 85.
[1060] This is the view established by Sohm, Eheschliessung, particularly 120 n. 22, 151 n. 89. Compare Sehling, Unterscheidung der Verlöbnisse, 1 ff., 14 ff., 34 ff.; Scheurl, Kirch. Eheschliessungsrecht, 35 ff.
[1061] Sohm, op. cit., 150-52; idem, Trauung und Verlobung, 61 ff.; Friedberg, Eheschliessung, 209; Esmein, op. cit., I, 83. Riedler, Bedingte Eheschliessung, 15 ff., discusses the different views as to the relation of consensus and the copula carnalis, in connection with the sacramental nature of marriage. See also Freisen, Geschichte des can. Eherechts, 151 ff., 164 ff., on the whole subject.
[1062] Sehling, Unterscheidung der Verlöbnisse, 33-59.
[1063] Gratian, Decreti sec. pars. causa xxvii, quest. ii, c. 16 ff.: Richter and Friedberg, Corpus juris canonici, I, 1069 ff. Cf. Esmein, op. cit., I, 97-119; Sohm, Eheschliessung, 111 ff.; Freisen, op. cit., 164 ff.; Scheurl, op. cit., 58-75; Sehling, op. cit., 81 ff.; Heusler, Institutionen, II, 290; Dieckhoff, Die kirch. Trauung, 115 ff.
[1064] On the whole subject see Esmein, op. cit., I, 97-119.
[1065] Pollock and Maitland, op. cit., II, 366.
[1066] Esmein, op. cit., I, 83. Esmein traces the origin of this doctrine of the canonists in part to the influence of the "popular" or "naturalistic" view of marriage; in part to certain texts of the Old and New Testament (particularly Gen. 2:23, 24; 1 Cor. 16:16): and in part to the conception of marriage as a remedy for concupiscence: op. cit., 83, 84, 97 ff. Cf. Pollock and Maitland, op. cit., II, 367 n. 1; Freisen, op. cit., 173.
[1067] It affected the "théorie de la formation et de la dissolution du mariage, théorie de la nullité pour cause d'impuissance, théorie de l'affinité, théorie des droits et des devoirs des époux."—Esmein, op. cit., I, 83.