[64] Geffcken, op. cit., 25.
[65] Nov., 140; cf. Geffcken, loc. cit.
[66] Geffcken, op. cit., 25: L. 1. C. Theod. de repud., 3, 16. Cf. also Woolsey, op. cit., 96, 97. On the legislation of Constantine and his successors see Wächter, Ehescheidungen, 201 ff., 259 ff.; Glasson, Le mariage civil et le divorce, 203 ff.; Esmein, Mélanges, 157 ff.; Luckock, Hist. of Marriage, 112 ff.; Combier, Du divorce, 81 ff.; Tissot, Le mariage, 88 ff.; Tebbs, Essay, 139 ff.; Bennecke, Ehebruch, 16 ff.; Hennet, Du divorce, 25 ff.; Popp, Ehescheidung, 62 ff.
[67] Woolsey, op. cit., 97; Wächter, op. cit., 207 ff.
[68] Constantine allowed the wife the right of divorce whose husband had been four years absent in the army without sending her word. Justinian first raised the period of waiting to ten years, and then entirely abolished divorce for this cause. "Dagegen blieb die Scheidungsbefugniss bestehen für den Fall der Impotenz, wobei jedoch nach Justinians Bestimmung eine Probezeit von zwei, später von drei Jahren eingehalten werden sollte." A vow of chastity or imprisonment was also counted a legal ground of separation by Justinian: Geffcken, op. cit., 27. Cf. also Glasson, Le mariage civil et le divorce, 205, who appears to confuse divorce ex consensu and bona gratia.
[69] L. 2, C. Theod. de dotib., 3, 13. Cf. Geffcken, op. cit., 25; Wächter, op. cit., 202, 213.
[70] L. 2, C. Theod. de repud., 3, 16. Cf. Wächter, op. cit., 215, 216.
[71] L. 8, C. de repud., 5, 17.
[72] Woolsey, op. cit., 98, 99; cf. Geffcken, op. cit., 25, 26. The woman is allowed fourteen causes of divorce and the man but six; but in effect they are nearly equivalent, except as indicated: see Wächter, op. cit., 216 ff.
[73] See the summary of the act in Geffcken op. cit., 25, 26; and Wächter, op. cit., 218-20.