Dose.—As an emetic for dogs, 1⁄8 to 1⁄5 gr., by the mouth, and 1⁄20 to 1⁄10 gr., subcutaneously.
Dose.—As an expectorant, subcutaneously, horses, 3⁄4 gr.; foals, 1⁄2 gr.; cattle, 11⁄2 gr.; sheep and calves, 1⁄2 gr.; dogs, 1⁄10 to 1⁄5 gr. By the mouth, dogs, 1⁄40 to 1⁄25 gr. as an expectorant.
Action and Uses.—It is a prompt and effectual emetic in animals that vomit, acting on the vomiting centers. When 1⁄5 gr. dissolved in water is swallowed by either man or dog repeated vomiting occurs, but is not followed by so much nausea as usually follows the use of tartar emetic. Increases bronchial, intestinal and pancreatic secretions. Chronic dry bronchitis of dogs is benefited by apomorphine. In pica cattle, 11⁄2 gr. may be given on three consecutive days, or in recent cases, 3 gr. are given subcutaneously in the same way. It relieves choking in animals by its relaxing spasm and increasing secretion of the gullet. Three-quarters of a grain may be injected under the skin in horses. It should be tried before using a probang, as, if successful, it will act within fifteen or twenty minutes. The alkaloid decomposes in crystal and rapidly in solution, becoming toxic and of a green hue. Solutions should be freshly prepared.
PETROLATUM LIQUIDUM—LIQUID PETROLATUM
Derivation.—A mixture of hydrocarbons, chiefly of the marshgas series, obtained by distilling off the lighter and more volatile portions from petroleum and purifying the residue when it has the desired consistence.
Properties.—A colorless, or more or less yellowish, oily transparent liquid without odor or taste; or giving off, when heated, a faint odor of petroleum. Insoluble in water; scarcely soluble in cold or hot alcohol, or cold absolute alcohol; but soluble in ether, chloroform, carbon disulphide, oil of turpentine, benzine, benzol and fixed and volatile oils.
PETROLATUM—VASELINE—COSMOLINE
Derivation.—A mixture of hydrocarbons, chiefly of the marshgas series, obtained by distilling off the lighter and more volatile portions from petroleum and purifying the residue when it has reached the desired melting point.
Properties.—A fat-like mass of about the consistence of an ointment varying in color from yellowish to light amber, having not more than a slight fluorescence, even after being melted; transparent in thin layers, completely amorphous and without odor or taste, or giving off when heated a faint odor of petroleum. In other respects soft petrolatum has the solubility of liquid petrolatum.