Fig. 49.
Fig. 48.
Fig. 49.
Combinations of Straight, Broken, and Dotted Lines.
—Combinations of the foregoing lines are used for various purposes. Some draughtsmen employ alternate, full, and dotted lines, to denote wood in section, as in [Figs. 45] and [46]; when wood is used in combination with iron or other metal, this is a very good way of distinguishing it. Wood-graining, though not made up of straight, broken, or dotted lines, yet partakes somewhat of the nature of all three kinds, and may therefore be introduced here. Oak-graining is shown in [Fig. 47], and fir-graining in [Fig. 48]. The former is executed with the drawing pen, and requires some care and practice; the latter is most readily done with a common pen or a crow-quill. End wood is grained as shown in [Fig. 49]. The spring bows are very suitable for drawing in the circles, as a certain degree of turn to the nut will open the ink leg to the required distance after drawing each circle. A few broken wavy lines, called shakes, radiating from the centre, produce a good effect. When several pieces of end wood come together, the centres in each should not be in the same relative position.
Fig. 50.