Fig. 55.
Fig. 56.
Fig. 55.
Fig. 56.
Woodland.
—Trees are generally shown in plan (as in [Fig. 55]). The outline is circular in character, and, to have a good effect, it should be made up of simple curves firmly drawn; small indentations should be avoided as bad. A few touches of the pen are given on the interior and towards the shadow. The latter is cast by parallel rays of light inclined 45° to the horizon, and is detached from the outline of the tree. When the scale is large, the shadow will be elliptical in form, but in small scales it will become a simple circle. In representing woodland, the trees and masses of trees should be disposed in every possible variety of position, care being taken, however, to avoid all regular figures and arrangements in lines. In parks and gardens, where the arrangement of the trees is artificial, it is usual to represent a grove in a rectangular form. Orchards are shown by placing single trees with their shadows at the points of intersection of two sets of equidistant parallel lines drawn at right angles to each other. These lines are drawn in pencil and afterwards erased. Some draughtsmen prefer to draw trees in elevation, as shown in [Fig. 56]. This method allows the various kinds of trees to be distinguished on the plan, and gives scope to artistic skill.