CONTENTS.

PART I.—THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS.
Section I.—The Drawing Office and its Furnishings.
PAGE
The Drawing Office[1]
Instruments[2]
Materials[5]
Precautions and Remarks[9]
Section II.—Geometrical Problems.[15]
Section III.—Lines, Dots, and their Combinations.
Straight and Curved Lines[27]
Lines of uneven thickness[30]
The Broken Line[30]
The Dotted Line[31]
Combinations of Straight, Broken, and Dotted Lines[31]
The Wavy Line[33]
Grass-land[34]
Swamps and Marshy Ground[35]
Sand and Gravel[35]
Woodland[36]
Uncultivated Land[37]
Contour Lines[37]
Section IV.—Colours.
Flat-tints[40]
Conventional Colours[44]
Water[45]
Grass-land[45]
Marsh[45]
Sand and Gravel[46]
Mud[46]
Woodland[46]
Cultivated Land[47]
Uncultivated Land[47]
Buildings[47]
Roads and Streets[47]
Fences[47]
Section V.—Shading.
Application of Shade Lines[48]
Cylindrical Surfaces[50]
Shading Lines[50]
Shading Lines on Cylindrical Surfaces[51]
Shading Lines in Topographical Drawings[52]
The Vertical System of Shading[57]
Shading in Colours[63]
Hill Slopes[63]
Cylindrical Surfaces in Mechanical Drawings[64]
PART II.—APPLICATIONS.
Section I.—Lettering, Bordering, and North Points.
Lettering[66]
Borders[69]
North Points[69]
Section II.—Scales.
Scales of Distances[70]
Scales of Construction[74]
Section III.—Plotting.
Reference Lines and Points[78]
Plotted Points[78]
To Plot Reference Lines and Points[78]
To Plot Traverse Reference Lines[84]
To Plot Detail[89]
To Plot Contours[90]
To Plot Sounded Points in Submerged Districts[90]
Errors and Error-sheets[91]
To Plot Vertical Sections[92]
To lay down Gradients[95]
To Plot a Section from a Contour Map[96]
Section IV.—Civil Engineers’ and Surveyors’ Plans.
StandingOrders ofParliament [98]
„„„Documents required[99]
„„„Plans[100]
„„„Book of Reference[101]
„„„Sections[101]
Working Sections[103]
Regulations of Local Government Board:—
Boundary Maps[104]
Maps for Division into Wards[104]
Plans of Proposed Works[105]
General Plan[105]
Detailed Plan[106]
Mining Plans[106]
Estate and Town Plans[107]
Section V.—Map Drawing.
Single Stroke Streams[109]
Double Line Streams and Rivers[110]
Colouring Streams or Rivers[110]
Islands and Sand-banks, Sandy and Pebbly Beds of Rivers[110]
Roads and Pathways[111]
Mountain Passes[111]
Fords and Ferries, Toll-gates[111]
Telegraph Lines and Stations[112]
Railways, Stations, and Termini[112]
Size of Cities, Towns, and Villages[112]
Sketching, Shading, and Copying Hills[113]
Field Sketching[114]
Examination of Maps in the Field[118]
Section VI.—Mechanical and ArchitecturalDrawings.[121]
Section VII.—Copying and Reducing.
Drawing from Copy[127]
Copying by Tracing[128]
Copying by Transfer[129]
Reducing and Enlarging[130]
The Pantograph[131]
The Eidograph[136]
Drawings for Lithographers and Engravers[141]
Trigonometrical Formulæ[142]
Inclined Measure[143]
Curvature and Refraction[143]
Index[144]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.Plate.
Alphabets, examples of..[4], [5], [6]
Angle, to bisect[16]..
Angles, to construct[16], [17]..
Arch, equilateral[23]..
——, horse-shoe[24]..
——, lancet[24]..
——, obtuse[24]..
——, ogee[25]..
——, semi-elliptical[23]..
——, Tudor[24]..
Architectural drawings, colouring of...[24]
Borders..[1], [3], [8], [9], [13]
Boundaries, parish, &c...[3], [15]
Canal locks..[1], [11]
Chart, example of..[18]
Cinquefoil, Gothic[26]..
Circle, to describe through given points.[17]..
——, to find the centre of[18]..
Cliffs..[1], [11], [14]
Colouring architectural drawings...[24]
—— maps and plans..[1], [3], [13], [17], [28], [33]
—— mechanical drawings..[22], [23], [27]
Copse..[1], [10]
Corners..[1], [3], [8], [9], [13]
Cylinders shaded[51], [52]..
Cyma recta[25]..
—— reversa[25]..
Docks..[1], [11]
Drawings, architectural, colouring of...[24]
——, isometrical..[27]
——, mechanical, colouring of...[22], [23], [27]
Eidograph..[26]
Ellipse, to draw[22]..
Equilateral triangle, to construct.[16]..
Flourishes..[25]
Fortifications, plans..[32]
——, sections..[31]
Geological maps..[28]
—— sections, coloured..[20], [21]
Grass[34][1], [17]
Gravel[35][1]
Harbours..[11]
Hexagon, to describe[21]..
Hill shading[53], [55], [56], [58], [61], [62], [63]..
Hills..[1], [12], [14], [17]
—— in colour..[12], [14]
Isometrical drawings..[27]
Lakes..[1], [3], [11],
Land, cultivated[32][1], [13]
——, uncultivated[37]..
Lettering, examples of..[4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [25]
Line, to divide into equal parts.[15]..
Lines, broken[30]..
——, contour[37]..
——, dotted[31]..
——, section[29]..
——, shade[49]..
——, to bisect[15]..
Maps, geological..[28]
——, Ordnance, example of...[18]
—— and plans, colouring of...[1], [3], [13], [17], [28]
Marsh[35][1], [10], [11]
Mechanical drawings, colouring of...[22], [23], [27]
Mining plans..[33]
North points..[9]
Oval, to construct[18]..
Pantograph..[26]
Parabola, to draw[21]..
Pentagon, to describe[20]..
Perpendicular, to erect[15]..
Plans, estate..[3], [17]
——, fortifications..[32]
——, mining..[33]
——, office..[2]
——, parliamentary..[13], [19]
——, reducing or enlarging..[26]
——, town improvements..[13]
—— and maps, colouring of...[1], [3], [13], [17], [28], [33]
Plotting, examples of[82], [85], [86], [88], [93]..
Quarries..[1]
Quatrefoil, Gothic[26]..
Radii of circle, to draw[18]..
Railways..[1], [3]
Rectangles, similar, to construct[20]..
Rivers..[1], [11], [12], [17]
——, outlines of[30]..
Roads..[1], [3], [12], [17]
Rocks..[1], [11]
Roofs[30]..
Sand[35][1]
—— banks..[1], [11]
Scales[71], [75], [76][2], [3], [8], [9], [13]
Section plotting, example of[93]..
Sections, fortifications..[31]
——, parliamentary..[19], [21]
—— of strata, examples of colouring...[20], [21]
Shade, scales of, for hills[53], [58]..
Signs, various, used in Indian and Colonial maps...[29], [30]
——, ——, used in maps, plans, &c...[15], [16]
——, ——, used in military maps and fortifications...[31], [32]
Soundings..[11], [18]
Square, to construct[19]..
——, multiple of, to construct.[19]..
Squares, proportional, to construct.[19], [20]..
Swamps and marshy ground.[35][1], [10]
Tangent, to draw[18]..
Titles, examples of..[3], [7], [8]
Towns..[1], [3], [11], [13]
Traverse plotting, example of.[85],[86],[88]..
Trees[36][1], [3], [10], [13], [17]
Trefoil, Gothic[25]..
Triangles, to construct[16], [17]..
Villages..[1]
Water, flowing[33][11]
——, standing[29][1], [11]
—— in section[30]..
Wood-graining[32]..
Wood in section[32]..
Woods[36][1], [3], [10], [17]

PLAN AND MAP DRAWING.