International Law

by George Grafton Wilson; George Fox Tucker

• [30. Existence.]
• [31. Independence.]
• [32. Equality.]
• [33. Jurisdiction.]
• [34. Property.]
• [35. Intercourse.]

• [36. Application of the Right in General.]
• [37. Extension of the Right to Subjects of the State.]

• [38. Manner of Exercise.]
• [39. Balance of Power.]
• [40. Monroe Doctrine.]
• [41. Non-intervention.]
• [42. Practice in Regard to Intervention.]
  • (a) For self-preservation.
  • (b) To prevent illegal acts.
  • (c) By general sanction.
  • (d) Other grounds.
    • (1) Treaty stipulations.
    • (2) Balance of power.
    • (3) Humanity.
    • (4) Civil war.
    • (5) Financial.
  • (e) Conclusion.

• [43. Equality in General.]
• [44. Inequalities among States.]
  • (a) Court precedence.
  • (b) Matters of ceremonial.
  • (c) Weight of influence in affairs.

• [45. Jurisdiction in General.]
• [46. Territorial Domain and Jurisdiction.]
• [47. Method of Acquisition.]
  • (a) Discovery.
  • (b) Occupation.
  • (c) Conquest.
  • (d) Cession.
    • (1) Transfer by gift.
    • (2) Transfer by exchange.
    • (3) Transfer by sale.
    • (4) Cession of jurisdiction.
  • (e) Prescription.
  • (f) Accretion.
• [48. Qualified Jurisdiction.]
  • (a) Protectorates.
  • (b) Sphere of influence.
• [49. Maritime and Fluvial Jurisdiction.]
• [50. Rivers.]
  • (a) Which traverse only one state.
  • (b) Flowing through two or more states.
  • (c) Under jurisdiction of two states.
• [51. The Navigation of Rivers.]
• [52. Enclosed Waters.]
  • (a) Wholly enclosed.
  • (b) Gulfs, bays, estuaries.
  • (c) Straits: Danish Sounds, Dardanelles.
  • (d) Canals: Suez, Panama, Nicaraguan, Corinth, Kiel.
• [53. The Three-mile Limit.]
• [54. Fisheries.]
  • (a) Deep sea.
  • (b) Canadian.
  • (c) Bering Sea.
• [55. Vessels.]
  • (a) Classes.
    • (1) Public.
    • (2) Private.
  • (b) Nationality.
  • (c) Jurisdiction.
    • (1) Public.
    • (2) Private.
    • (3) Semi-public.
• [56. Personal, General—Nationality.]
• [57. Natural-born Subjects.]
• [58. Foreign-born Subjects.]
• [59. Acquired Nationality.]
  • (a) By marriage.
  • (b) By naturalization.
  • (c) By annexation of territory.
  • (d) Effect of naturalization.
  • (e) Incomplete naturalization.
• [60. Jurisdiction over Aliens.]
  • (a) Over subjects abroad.
    • (1) Emigration laws.
    • (2) Recall of citizens.
    • (3) Penal jurisdiction.
    • (4) Protection of subjects.
  • (b) Over aliens within territory.
    • (1) Exclusion.
    • (2) Expulsion.
    • (3) Conditional admission.
    • (4) Settlement.
    • (5) Taxes.
    • (6) Sanitary and police jurisdiction.
    • (7) Penal jurisdiction.
    • (8) Maintenance of public order.
    • (9) Military service.
    • (10) Freedom of commerce.
    • (11) Holding property.
    • (12) Freedom of speech and worship.
  • (c) Passports.
• [61. Exemptions from Jurisdiction—General.]
• [62. Sovereigns.]
• [63. State Officers.]
  • (a) Diplomatic agents.
  • (b) Consuls.
  • (c) Army.
  • (d) Navy.
• [64. Special Exemptions.]
  • (a) In Oriental countries.
    • (1) Penal matters.
    • (2) Civil matters.
  • (b) In Egypt.
• [65. Extradition.]
  • (a) Persons liable.
  • (b) Limitations.
  • (c) Conditions.
  • (d) Procedure.
• [66. Servitudes.]
  • (a) International.
  • (b) General.

• [67. Property in General.]
• [68. State Property in International Law.]

• [69. General Development.]
• [70. Diplomatic Agents.]
  • (a) Historical.
  • (b) Rank.
    • (1) Diplomatic agents of first class.
    • (2) Envoys extraordinary.
    • (3) Ministers resident.
    • (4) Chargés d'affaires.
• [71. Suite.]
  • (a) Official.
  • (b) Non-official.
• [72. Who may send Diplomatic Agents.]
• [73. Who may be sent.]
• [74. Credentials.]
• [75. Ceremonial.]
  • (a) General.
  • (b) Reception.
  • (c) Precedence and places of honor.
  • (d) Prerogatives.
• [76. Functions.]
  • (a) Internal business.
  • (b) Conduct of negotiations.
  • (c) Relation to fellow-citizens.
  • (d) Reports to home government.
• [77. Termination of Mission.]
  • (a) Through death of agent.
  • (b) In ordinary manner.
  • (c) Under strained relations.
  • (d) Ceremonial of departure.
• [78. Immunities and Privileges.]
  • (a) Inviolability.
  • (b) Exterritoriality and exemptions.
    • (1) Criminal jurisdiction.
    • (2) Civil jurisdiction.
    • (3) Family and suite.
    • (4) House of ambassador.
    • (5) Asylum.
    • (6) Taxation.
    • (7) Religious worship.
• [79. Diplomatic Practice of the United States.]
• [80. Consuls.]
  • (a) Historical.
  • (b) Grades.
  • (c) Nomination and reception.
  • (d) Functions.
  • (e) Special powers in Eastern states.
  • (f) Privileges and immunities.
  • (g) Termination of consular office.

• [81. Definition.]
• [82. Other Forms of International Agreements.]
  • (a) Protocol.
  • (b) Declarations.
  • (c) Memoranda.
  • (d) Letters, notes.
  • (e) Sponsions.
  • (f) Cartels.
• [83. The Negotiation of Treaties.]
  • (a) The agreement.
  • (b) The draft.
  • (c) Signs and seals.
  • (d) Ratification.
• [84. The Validity of Treaties.]
  • (a) International capacity.
  • (b) Due authorization.
  • (c) Freedom of consent.
  • (d) Conformity to law.
• [85. The Classification of Treaties.]
• [86. The Interpretation of Treaties.]
• [87. The Termination of Treaties.]

• [88. The Amicable Settlement of Disputes.]
  • (a) Diplomatic negotiation.
  • (b) Good offices.
  • (c) Conferences and congresses.
  • (d) Arbitration.
• [89. Non-hostile Redress.]
• [90. Retorsion.]
• [91. Reprisals.]
• [92. Embargo.]
• [93. Pacific Blockade.]

• [94. Definition.]
• [95. Commencement.]
• [96. Declaration.]
• [97. Object.]
• [98. General Effects.]