[1098] Memnon, c. 6.
[1099] Memnon, c. 7, 8.
[1100] Memnon, c. 9; Strabo, xii. p. 542.
[1101] Memnon, c. 11.
[1102] Memnon, c. 16. The inhabitants of Byzantium also purchased for a considerable sum the important position called the Ἱερὸν, at the entrance of the Euxine on the Asiatic side (Polybius, iv. 50).
These are rare examples, in ancient history, of cities acquiring territory or dependencies by purchase. Acquisitions were often made in this manner by the free German, Swiss, and Italian cities of mediæval Europe; but as to the Hellenic cities, I have not had occasion to record many such transactions in the course of this history.
[1103] Memnon, c. 13: compare Polyb. xviii. 34.
[1104] This is a remarkable observation made by Memnon, c. 19.
[1105] See the statement of Polybius, xxii. 24.
[1106] Contrast the independent and commanding position occupied by Byzantium in 399 B. C., acknowledging no superior except Sparta (Xenoph. Anab. vii. 1)—with its condition in the third century B. C.—harassed and pillaged almost to the gates of the town by the neighboring Thracians and Gauls, and only purchased immunity by continued money payments: see Polybius, iv. 45.