Given: 3 parts = $900
Required: 4 parts = ?
John now notes that 4 parts is 4⁄3 times 3 parts and consequently writes 4⁄3 of $900, which is $1,200 as the answer. Or he may find the value of 1 part and then of 4 parts.
4. NOTIONS, INDIVIDUAL AND GENERAL.
A notion is any product of the knowing mind—anything which the mind notes or becomes aware of.
But the mind knows in two ways, by intuition and by thinking. In consequence the mind has two kinds of notions, those which are intuitive or individual notions and those which originally result from thinking or general notions.
An individual notion is a notion of one thing. A general notion is a notion of a class of things.
Note. Here it is necessary to distinguish between a thing and an object. An object is a thing which occupies space such as a pencil or a book. “Thing” is, therefore, a broader term than “object.” “A thing is that which has individual existence.” From the viewpoint of logic “thing” includes objects, qualities, relations, spiritualentities. Gravitation is a thing but not an object. A tree is both an object and a thing.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF NOTIONS.
My notion of the pencil with which I am writing is an individual notion, but my notion of pencil as a class name is general. My yellow dog, the honesty of Lincoln, Albert White, New York City, are individual notions, while dog, honesty, man, city, are general notions.