(1) Conversion impossible.
(2) “Some wise men are good men.”
(3) “Some things to be chewed and digested are books.”
(4) “No perfectly happy being is a man.”
When attempting to convert proposition (1), I find that the subject which is undistributed becomes distributed, hence the rule pertaining to distribution is violated. This conclusion is verified by recalling the fact that an O proposition cannot be converted. The second proposition, being an A, is converted by limitation; while the third and fourth are converted simply, as is the natural procedure with all I’s and E’s.
(5b) Convert these propositions:
(1) “Blessed are the meek.” (All the meek are blessed.)
(2) “None but material bodies gravitate.” (All gravitating bodies are material.)
(3) “Gold is not a compound substance.”
(4) “Usually cruel men are cowards.”