If it has rained, the ground is damp;

It has not rained,

Therefore the ground is not damp.

(3) Minor premise affirms consequent.

If it has rained, the ground is damp;

The ground is damp,

Therefore it has rained.

(4) Minor premise denies the consequent.

If it has rained, the ground is damp;

The ground is not damp,