(7) The five methods are concerned with the establishment of causal connections between phenomena. Agreement suggests the connection while difference proves it. The other methods are modified applications of difference, necessitated by some peculiar form which the phenomenon may take. A statement of the one principle involved is: “If the conjunction between two phenomena is invariable then there is a causal connection.”
All of the methods are forms of inductive thinking.
10. REVIEW QUESTIONS.
(1) Explain “the fundamental fact of causation.”
(2) Show that the fact of causation is most conspicuous in induction by analysis.
(3) Name the five special inductive methods of observation and experiment.
(4) State, symbolize, and illustrate the method of agreement.
(5) Give examples of antecedents which do not function as causes.
(6) Show that the “special methods” are a matter of both observation and experiment.
(7) Give the distinguishing features of the method of agreement; illustrate by reference to the symbols.