An Advanced English Grammar with Exercises

by George Lyman Kittredge; Frank Edgar Farley

1. The subject of a verb is in the nominative case ([p. 41]).

2. A substantive standing in the predicate, but describing or defining the subject, agrees with the subject in case and is called a predicate nominative ([p. 41]).

3. A substantive used for the purpose of addressing a person directly, and not connected with any verb, is called a vocative.

A vocative is in the nominative case, and is often called a nominative by direct address or a vocative nominative ([p. 42]).

4. A substantive used as an exclamation is called an exclamatory nominative or a nominative of exclamation ([p. 42]).

5. A substantive, with a participle, may express the cause, time, or circumstances of an action.

This is called the absolute construction.

The substantive is in the nominative case and is called a nominative absolute ([p. 144]).

6. The possessive case denotes ownership or possession ([p. 43]).

7. The object of a verb or preposition is in the objective case ([p. 47]).