quī nōn sōlum interfuit hīs rēbus, sed etiam praefuit, Fam. 1, 8, 1, who has not had a hand only in these matters, but complete charge. quī omnibus negōtiīs nōn interfuit sōlum, sed praefuit, Fam. 1, 6, 1. nōn tantum is sometimes used by Livy, and once or twice by Cicero, but not by Caesar or Sallust, for nōn modo. Livy and Tacitus sometimes omit sed or vērum.
[1681.] nōn modo has sometimes the meaning of nōn dīcam: as, nōn modo ad certam mortem, sed in magnum vītae discrīmen, Sest. 45, I won’t say to certain death, but to great risk of life.
[1682.] nōn modo or nōn sōlum, when attended by another negative, may also be followed by sed nē . . . quidem, but not even, or sed vix, but hardly: as,
nōn modo tibī̆ nōn īrāscor, sed nē reprehendō quidem factum tuum, Sull. 50, so far from being angry with you I do not even criticise your action. When both members have the same predicate, usually placed last, the negation in nē . . . quidem or vix usually applies to the first member also: as, tālis vir nōn modo facere, sed nē cōgitāre quidem quicquam audēbit, quod nōn audeat praedicāre, Off. 3, 77, a man of this kind will not only not venture to do, but not even to conceive anything which he would not venture to trumpet to the world, or will not venture to conceive, much less do.
[1683.] (3.) cēterum is sometimes used in the sense of sed, in Terence, Sallust, and Livy. Sometimes also in the sense of sed rē vērā, in Sallust and Tacitus, to contrast reality with pretence.
[1684.] (4.) vērō, but, indeed, introduces an emphatic contrast or a climax: as,
sed sunt haec leviōra, illa vērō gravia atque magna, Pl. 86, however, all this is less important, but the following is weighty and great. scīmus mūsicēn nostrīs mōribus abesse ā prīncipis persōnā, saltāre vērō etiam in vitiīs pōnī, N. 15, 1, 2, we know that, according to our Roman code of ethics, music is not in keeping with the character of an eminent man, and as to dancing, why that is classed among vices. In Plautus, vērō is only used as an adverb; its use as an adversative conjunction begins with Terence. In the historians, vērō is often equivalent to autem.
[1685.] (5.) at, but, denotes emphatic lively opposition, an objection, or a contrast: as,
brevis ā nātūrā nōbīs vīta data est; at memoria bene redditae vītae sempiterna, Ph. 14, 32, a short life hath been given by nature unto man; but the memory of a life laid down in a good cause endureth for ever. at is often used before a word indicating a person or a place, to shift the scene, especially in history. In law language, ast sometimes occurs, and ast is also sometimes used, generally for the metre, in Vergil, Horace, and late poetry.