[1743.] Subordinate sentences with verbs of will or aim, with verbs of fear, also final sentences and many consecutive sentences are expressed in Latin as contemporaneous with the main action, not as subsequent to it.
[1744.] II. The main and subordinate sentences may express wholly different spheres of time by tenses not commonly used together, when the thought requires it. In such cases the tense of the subordinate member is called Independent, like the analogous tenses of the indicative ([1738]).
[1745.] The use of subordinate subjunctive tenses relatively to the main tense, or what is commonly called the Sequence of Tenses, is as follows:
[Tense subordinate to an Indicative.]
[1746.] (1.) The present, or perfect subjunctive, or the future participle with a form of sim, is used in sentences subordinate to a primary tense ([1717]): as,
([a.]) tē hortor, ut Rōmam pergās, QFr. 1, 3, 4, I urge you to repair to Rome. cūrā, ut quam prīmum veniās, Fam. 4, 10, 1, mind that you come as soon as you can. ego quid accēperim sciō, RA. 58, I know what I have received. quam sum sollicitus quidnam futūrum sit, Att. 8, 6, 3, how anxious I am to know what in the world is to come. (b.) in eum locum rēs dēducta est ut salvī esse nequeāmus, Fam. 16, 12, 1, to such a pass has it come that we cannot be saved. an oblītus es quid initiō dīxerim? DN. 2, 2, have you possibly forgotten what I said at the start? quoniam in eam ratiōnem vītae nōs fortūna dēdūxit, ut sempiternus sermō dē nōbīs futūrus sit, caveāmus, QFr. 1, 1, 38, since fortune has set us in such a walk of life that we are to be eternally talked about, let us be on our guard. (c.) efficiam, ut intellegātis, Clu. 7, I will see that you understand. dīcent quid statuerint, V. 2, 175, they will tell what they decided on. quae fuerit causa, mox vīderō, Fin. 1, 35, what the reason was I won’t consider till by and by ([1630]). tē disertum putābō, sī ostenderis quō modō sīs eōs inter sīcāriōs dēfēnsūrus, Ph. 2, 8, I shall think you a most effective speaker, if you show how you are going to defend them on the charge of murder.
[1747.] (2.) The imperfect, or pluperfect subjunctive, or the future participle with a form of essem, is used in sentences subordinate to a secondary tense ([1717]): as,
([a.]) hīs rēbus fīēbat, ut minus lātē vagārentur, 1, 2, 4, so it came to pass that they did not roam round much. docēbat, ut tōtīus Galliae prīncipātum Aeduī tenuissent, 1, 43, 6, he showed how the Aeduans had had the mastery over all Gaul. Flaccus quid aliī posteā factūrī essent scīre nōn poterat, Fl. 33, Flaccus could not tell what other people would do in the future. (b.) is cīvitātī persuāsit, ut dē fīnibus suīs cum omnibus cōpiīs exīrent, 1, 2, 1, this man prevailed on his community to emigrate from their place of abode, bag and baggage. quās rēs in Hispāniā gessisset, disseruit, L. 28, 38, 2, he discoursed on his military career in Spain. an Lacedaemoniī quaesīvērunt num sē esset morī prohibitūrus? TD. 5, 42, did the Spartans ask whether he was going to prevent them from dying? (c.) Ariovistus tantōs sibī̆ spīritūs sūmpserat, ut ferendus nōn vidērētur, 1, 33, 5, Ariovistus had put on such high and mighty airs that he seemed intolerable. hīc pāgus, cum domō exīsset patrum nostrōrum memoriā, L. Cassium cōnsulem interfēcerat, 1, 12, 5, this canton, sallying out from home in our fathers’ recollection, had put Cassius, the consul, to death. illud quod mihī̆ extrēmum prōposueram, cum essem de bellī genere dictūrus, IP. 17, the point I had reserved till the end, when I was going to discourse on the character of the war.
[1748.] With any kind of a secondary main sentence, a subordinate general truth usually stands in the past, contrary to the English idiom: as,