hīc cōgnōscī licuit, quantum esset hominibus praesidī in animī firmitūdine, Caes. C. 3, 28, 4, here there was a chance to learn what a bulwark man has in courage. In the direct form est ([1588]).
[1749.] A subsequent relation is sometimes loosely suggested by a simple subjunctive; necessarily so with verbs which lack the future participle, or which are in the passive: as, sum sollicitus quidnam dē prōvinciīs dēcernātur, Fam. 2, 11, 1, I am anxious to see what in the world may be decided on about the provinces.
[1750.] In a single example, a future perfect of resulting state is represented in subordination as follows: nec dubitō quīn cōnfecta iam rēs futūra sit, Fam. 6, 12, 3, and I have no doubt the job will soon be completely finished up, directly, sine dubiō cōnfecta iam rēs erit.
[1751.] (1.) An imperfect subjunctive expressing a particular past result, cause, reason, &c., is sometimes connected with a main general present tense ([1744]): as,
cuius praeceptī tanta vīs est, ut ea Delphicō deō tribuerētur, Leg. 1, 58, the power of this rule is so mighty that it was ascribed to the Delphic god. cuius rē̆ī tanta est vīs, ut Ithacam illam sapientissimus vir immortālitātī antepōneret, DO. 1, 196, so irresistible is the power of this sentiment that the shrewdest of men loved his little Ithaca better than life eternal; of Ulixes. laudantur ōrātōrēs veterēs quod crīmina dīluere dīlūcidē solērent, V. 2, 191, the orators of old are admired ‘because they were always clear in explaining accusations away.’ The secondary sequence is also sometimes exceptionally used with ordinary presents.
[1752.] (2.) The present of vivid narration is commonly regarded as a secondary tense, especially when the subordinate sentence precedes, and regularly with narrative cum. Sometimes however as a primary tense: as,
([a.]) servīs suīs Rubrius, ut iānuam clauderent, imperat, V. 1, 66, Rubrius orders his slaves to shut the front door. Aeduī, cum sē dēfendere nōn possent, lēgātōs ad Caesarem mittunt, 1, 11, 2, the Aeduans, finding they could not defend themselves, send some envoys to Caesar. (b.) hortātur, ut arma capiant, 7, 4, 4, he urges them to fly to arms. Sometimes the two sequences stand side by side, or a subjunctive of primary sequence has itself a second subordinate subjunctive of secondary sequence. Either sequence is used with the present of quotation also ([1592]).
[1753.] (3.) Subordinate sentences of past action conceivable, of action non-occurrent, or dubitative questions of the past, retain their past unchanged with a main primary tense: as,
([a.]) vērī simile nōn est, ut ille monumentīs maiōrum pecūniam antepōneret, V. 4, 11, it is not conceivable that the man would have thought more of money than of his heirlooms, i.e. nōn antepōneret ([1559]). (b.) omnia sīc erunt inlūstria, ut ad ea probanda tōtam Siciliam testem adhibēre possem, V. 5, 139, everything will be so self-evident, that I could use all Sicily as a witness to prove it ([1560]). taceō, nē haec quidem conligō, quae fortasse valērent apud iūdicem, Lig. 30, I’ll hold my tongue, I won’t even gather together the following arguments, which might perhaps be telling with a juryman ([1560]). (c.) quaerō ā tē cūr C. Cornēlium nōn dēfenderem, Vat. 5, I put the question to you, why I was not to defend Cornelius ([1563]).