[1808.] For an accusative of the relative with an ablative antecedent the ablative is rarely used: as, notante iūdice quō nōstī populō, H. S. 1, 6, 15, the judge condemning—thou know’st who—the world. This represents the older interrogative conception: notante iūdice—quō?—nōstī, populō ([1795]).
[1809.] A new substantive added in explanation of an antecedent is put after the relative, and in the same case: as, ad Amānum contendī, quī mōns erat hostium plēnus, Att. 5, 20, 3, I pushed on to Amanus, a mountain that was packed with the enemy. This use begins with Cicero; but from Livy on, the explanatory word is also put as an appositive, with the relative following: as, Decius Magius, vir cui nihil dēfuit, L. 23, 7, 4, Magius, a man that lacked nothing.
[1810.] An adjective, especially a comparative, superlative, or numeral, explanatory of a substantive in the main sentence, is often put in the relative sentence: as,
palūs quae perpetua intercēdēbat Rōmānōs ad īnsequendum tardābat, 7, 26, 2, a morass, that lay unbroken between, hindered the Romans from pursuit.
[1811.] When reference is made to the substance of a sentence, the neuter quod is used, or more commonly id quod, either usually in parenthesis: as,
intellegitur, id quod iam ante dīxī, imprūdente L. Sūllā scelera haec fierī, RA. 25, it is plain, as I have said once before, that these crimes are committed without the cognizance of Sulla. In continuations, quae rēs: as, nāvēs removērī iussit, quae rēs māgnō ūsuī nostrīs fuit, 4, 25, 1, he ordered the vessels to be withdrawn, a course which proved very advantageous for our people.
[MOODS IN THE RELATIVE SENTENCE.]
[1812.] The relative is sometimes equivalent to a conditional protasis. When thus used, it may have either the indicative or the subjunctive, as the sense requires: as,
([a.]) quod beātum est, nec habet nec exhibet cuiquam negōtium, DN. 1, 85, whatsoever is blessed, has no trouble and makes none to anybody. quisquis hūc vēnerit, pugnōs edet, Pl. Am. 309, whoever comes this way, shall have a taste of fists ([1796]). omnia mala ingerēbat quemquem adspexerat, Pl. Men. 717, she showered all possible bad names on every man she saw ([1795]). (b.) haec quī videat, nōnne cōgātur cōnfitērī deōs esse, DN. 2, 12, whoso should see this would be forced, wouldn’t he? to admit the existence of gods. quī vidēret, equom Trōiānum intrōductum dīceret, V. 4, 52, whoever saw it would have sworn it was the Trojan horse brought in ([1559]).