[1952.] Many of these verbs often have a coordinated subjunctive ([1705-1713]), or, according to the meaning, admit other constructions, which must in general be learned by reading, or from the dictionary. The following points may be noticed:
[1953.] (a.) The verbs of resolving, statuō, cōnstituō, and dēcernō, and of striving, nītor, and temptō, have usually the complementary infinitive ([2169]), unless a new subject is introduced. For volō (mālō), and cupiō, see also [2189]; for iubeō, vetō, sinō, and patior, [2198]. postulō, expect, often has the same construction as volō, especially in old Latin ([2194]). For imperō, see [2202].
[1954.] (b.) Some of the above verbs, with the meaning think or say, have the accusative with the infinitive ([2175], [2195]): as, volō, contendō, maintain, concēdō, admit, statuō, assume, dēcernō, judge, moneō, remind, persuādeō, convince.
[1955.] (c.) Verbs of accomplishing sometimes express result rather than purpose, and when the result is negative, are completed by a clause with ut nōn ([1965]). For the infinitive with such verbs, see [2196].
[1956.] est with a predicate noun is sometimes equivalent to a verb of will or aim, and has the same construction.
So with words like iūs, lēx, mūnus, &c.: as, iūs esse bellī ut quī vīcissent hīs quōs vīcissent imperārent, 1, 36, 1, that rules of war entitled conquerors to lord it over conquered. quis nescit prīmam esse historiae lēgem, nē quid falsī dīcere audeat? DO. 2, 62, who does not know that the first rule of history is that it shall not venture to say anything false? iūstitiae prīmum mūnus est ut nē cui quis noceat, Off. 1, 20, the first duty of justice is that a man harm nobody. nam id arbitror adprīmē in vītā esse ūtile, ‘ut nē quid nimis,’ T. Andr. 60, for this I hold to be a rule in life that’s passing useful, ‘naught in overplus.’
[1957.] (2.) The subjunctive with ut or nē is used in clauses which complete expressions of fear, anxiety, or danger.
ut, that not, may not, and nē, lest, may, were originally signs of a wish ([1540]): thus, vereor, ut fīat, I am afraid; may it come to pass, acquires the meaning of I am afraid it may not come to pass ([1706]); and vereor, nē fīat, I am afraid; may it not come to pass, of I am afraid it may come to pass. metuō ut is common in old Latin, and is used by Horace, but not by Caesar or Sallust, once by Cicero in the orations. timeō ut is rare, and first used by Cicero. vereor ut is not uncommon.
at vereor ut plācārī possit, T. Ph. 965, but I’m afraid she can’t be reconciled. nē uxor rescīscat metuit, Pl. As. 743, he is afraid his wife may find it out. ō puer, ut sīs vītālis metuō, et maiōrum nē quis amīcus frīgore tē feriat, H. S. 2, 1, 60, my boy, you’ll not see length of days I fear, and that some grander friend may with his coldness cut you dead. nēquid summā dēperdat metuēns aut ampliet ut rem, H. S. 1, 4, 31, in dread lest from his store he something lose or may not add to his estate. metuō nē nōs nōsmet perdiderīmus uspiam, Pl. MG. 428, I’m afraid we’ve lost ourselves somewhere. sollicitus nē turba perēgerit orbem, J. 5, 20, apprehensive that the throng may have finished its round. nē nōn is often, though rarely in old Latin, used for ut, and regularly when the expression of fear is negative: as, nōn vereor nē hoc officium meum P. Servīliō nōn probem, V. 4, 82, I have no fear but I may make my services acceptable in the eyes of Servilius. For nōn metuō quīn, see [1986].