The purpose is often indicated in the main sentence by an expression like ideō, idcircō, proptereā, eā mente, &c.
vigilās dē nocte, ut tuīs cōnsultōribus respondeās, Mur. 22, you have to get up early in the morning to give advice to your clients. maiōrēs nostrī ab arātrō addūxērunt Cincinnātum, ut dictātor esset, Fin. 2, 12, our fathers brought Cincinnatus from his plough, to be dictator. dīcam auctiōnis causam, ut damnō gaudeant, Pl. St. 207, I’ll tell the reason for the sale, that o’er my losses they may gloat. quīn etiam nē tōnsōrī collum committeret, tondēre fīliās suās docuit, TD. 5, 58, why, he actually taught his own daughters to shave, so as not to trust his throat to a barber. Caesar, nē graviōrī bellō occurreret, ad exercitum proficīscitur, 4, 6, 1, to avoid facing war on a more formidable scale, Caesar goes to the army. tē ulcīscar, ut nē inpūne in nōs inlūseris, T. Eu. 941, I’ll be revenged on you, so that you shan’t play tricks on me for nothing ([1947]). nē īgnōrārētis esse aliquās pācis vōbīs condiciōnēs, ad vōs vēnī, L. 21, 13, 2, I have come to you to let you know that you have some chances of peace ([1754]). ita mē gessī nē tibī̆ pudōrī essem, L. 40, 15, 6, I comported myself in such a way that I might not be a mortification to you. Mariōnem ad tē eō mīsī, ut tēcum ad mē venīret, Fam. 16, 1, 1, I sent Mario to you with the intention of having him come with you to me. idcircō nēmō superiōrum attigit, ut hīc tolleret? ideō C. Claudius rettulit, ut C. Verrēs posset auferre? V. 4, 7, was that the reason why no former officials laid a finger on it, that this man might swoop it away? was that why Claudius returned it, that a Verres might carry it off? danda opera est, ut etiam singulīs cōnsulātur, sed ita, ut ea rēs aut prōsit aut certē nē obsit rē̆ī pūblicae, Off. 2, 72, we must be particular in regarding the interests of individuals as well, but with this restriction, that our action may benefit, or at any rate may not damage the country.
[1962.] The subjunctive with ut or nē is often used not to express the purpose of the main action, but in a parenthetical clause, as though dependant upon some verb unexpressed: as,
ut in pauca cōnferam, testāmentō factō mulier moritur, Caec. 17, to cut a long story short, the woman makes her will and dies. sed ut hīc nē īgnōret, quae rēs agātur: dē nātūrā agēbāmus deōrum, DN. 1, 17, but that our friend here may know what is up: we were just on the nature of the gods. The tense is present, in late writers the perfect, as ut sīc dīxerim, Quint. 1, 6, 1. Here may also be mentioned the use of nēdum (rarely nē or, from Livy on, nēdum ut) with the present subjunctive (rarely the imperfect): as, satrapa numquam sufferre eius sūmptūs queat: nēdum tū possīs, T. Hau. 452, a prince couldn’t stand her extravagance, much less could you. This is found in Terence and Lucretius once each, in Cicero, and later; not in Caesar. The preceding clause is negative or involves a negative idea. From Livy on, the verb may be omitted: as, vix clāmōrem eōrum, nēdum impetum tulēre, L. 34, 20, 7, they hardly stood their war cry, much less their charge.
[1963.] The subjunctive is used in an assumption or concession with ut or nē, or if the negation belongs to a single word, with ut nōn, nēmō, &c.: as,
ut taceam, quoivīs facile scītū est quam fuerim miser, T. Hec. 296, even supposing I say nothing, anybody can understand how unhappy I was. sed ut haec concēdantur, reliqua quī concēdī possunt? DN. 3, 41, but even supposing this be admitted, how can the rest be admitted? nē sit summum malum dolor, malum certē est, TD. 2, 14, grant that suffering is not the chiefest evil, an evil it assuredly is ([1553]). vērum ut hoc nōn sit, tamen praeclārum spectāculum mihī̆ prōpōnō, Att. 2, 15, 2, but suppose this be not the case, still I anticipate a gorgeous show. ac iam ut omnia contrā opīniōnem acciderent, tamen sē plūrimum nāvibus posse perspiciēbant, 3, 9, 6, and even supposing everything turned out contrary to expectation, still they saw clearly that they had the advantage by sea. ut enim nēminem alium nisi T. Patinam rogāsset, scīre potuit prōdī flāminem necesse esse, Mil. 46, for even supposing he had asked nobody but Patina, he might have known that a priest must be appointed. This use is common in Cicero, not found in Plautus or Sallust.
[1964.] The subjunctive with ut or nē, generally with ita as a correlative, sometimes has the force of a proviso: as,
ita probanda est clēmentia, ut adhibeātur sevēritās, Off. 1, 88, mercy is to be commended, provided that strictness is employed. satis memoriae meae tribuent, ut maiōribus meīs dignum crēdant, Ta. 4, 38, they will pay respect enough to my memory, provided they consider me worthy of my ancestors.
(B.) Result.