nēmō fuit omnīnō mīlitum quīn vulnerārētur, Caes. C. 3, 53, 3, there was absolutely not a single soldier but was wounded. nūllust Ephesī quīn sciat, Pl. B. 336, there’s not a soul at Ephesus but knows. quis in circum vēnit, quīn is ūnōquōque gradū dē avāritiā tuā commonērētur? V. 1, 154, who came to the circus without being reminded of your avarice at each and every step? nūlla fuit cīvitās quīn partem senātūs Cordubam mitteret, nōn cīvis Rōmānus quīn convenīret, Caes. C. 2, 19, 2, there was not a community but sent a part of its local senate to Corduba, not a Roman citizen, but went to the meeting. For quī nōn after such expressions, see [1821]. The main sentence often has tam, ita, sīc, or tantus: as, nēmō est tam fortis, quīn rē̆ī novitāte perturbētur, 6, 39, 3, there was nobody so brave but was demoralized by the strangeness of the situation. nīl tam difficilest quīn quaerendō investīgārī possiet, T. Hau. 675, there’s naught so hard but may by searching be tracked out. Instead of quīn, ut nōn or quī nōn is often used in such combinations ([1821]).
[1989.] The subjunctive in an untenable reason, negatively put, is sometimes introduced by nōn quīn instead of nōn quod nōn or nōn quō nōn ([1855]): as, nōn quīn parī virtūte aliī fuerint, Ph. 7, 6, not that others may not have been his peers in virtue.
[1990.] quīn is used very rarely instead of quōminus to introduce clauses completing the sense of verbs which have no negative expressed or implied: as, once each in the Bellum Alexandrīnum, in Tacitus, and in Seneca’s prose.
[dum, dōnec, quoad, quamdiū.]
[1991.] With the temporal particles dum, while, until, and dōnec, until (in old Latin dōnicum and in Lucretius dōnique), may be conveniently treated the relative quaad or quoad (that is quā or quō combined with ad), while, until, and the comparative quamdiū, as long as.
[1992.] dum, while, means originally a while ([1151]): as, circumspice dum, Pl. Tri. 146, look round you a while, a minute, just look round ([1573]). dum servī meī perplacet mihi cōnsilium, dum haud placet, Pl. Merc. 348, one while my slave’s plan suits me completely, another while it doesn’t suit. dum . . . dum, Accius in DN. 2, 89, one while . . . another.
[1993.] As a pure conjunctive particle, dum, while, means either (A.) in the time while, or (B.) all the time while; in the latter sense quoad and quamdiū are also used. From all the time while, dum comes to mean (C.) as long as, provided; and (D.) until; in this sense quoad and dōnec are also used.
[1994.] The indicative is used in a protasis introduced by dum, quoad, or quamdiū, while; and the subjunctive in a protasis introduced by dum, provided, or until.
The subjunctive is also used for special reasons, as in indirect discourse ([1725]), by attraction ([1728]), of action conceivable ([1731]), or by late writers to express repeated past action ([1730]). See also [1997] and [2009], end.