[2291.] The genitive plural of the present participle is often best translated by an English abstract: as,
cachinnōs inrīdentium commovēbat, Br. 216, he provoked guffaws of derision. mixtōs terrentium paventiumque clāmōrēs, L. 22, 5, 4, mingled cries of exultation and terror. prīmō gaudentium impetū, Ta. H. 1, 4, in the first outburst of joy.
[2292.] The future participle is very rarely used as a substantive.
audītūrum dictūrī cūra dēlectat, Quintil. 11, 3, 157, deliberation on the part of one who is on the point of speaking attracts his prospective hearer. havē̆, imperātor, moritūrī tē salūtant, Suet. Claud. 21, emperor, all hail! the doomed give thee greeting. This use is found in late writers, as in Tacitus and Curtius once each, and half a dozen times in Pliny the younger. Cicero and Sallust have futūrus thus ([2283]): as, abs tē futūra exspectō, Fam. 2, 8, 1, from you I expect the future. supplicia in post futūrōs composuit, S. Fr. Lep. 6, he invented penalties for men unborn.
[The Appositive Participle.]
[2293.] The appositive participle is a loose substitute for a subordinate sentence introduced by a relative or by a conjunctive particle.
[2294.] (1.) The appositive participle may represent a relative sentence: as,
nōvī ego Epicūrēōs omnia sigilla venerantēs, DN. 1, 85, why, I know Epicureans who bow the knee to all sorts of graven images. Conōn mūrōs dīrutōs ā Lȳsandrō reficiendōs cūrat, N. 9, 4, 5, Conon superintended the rebuilding of the walls which had been destroyed by Lysander. The future participle is poetic and late ([2283]): as, servēs itūrum Caesarem in Britannōs, H. 1, 35, 29, guard Caesar who against the Britons is to march.
[2295.] (2.) The appositive participle, representing other sentences, may express various relations: as, (a.) time, (b.) cause or means, (c.) purpose, (d.) concession, (e.) hypothesis, (f.) description or the manner of an action, like an adverb.
For the ablative absolute in such relations, see [1362-1374], particularly 1367.