[2378.] ipse is used in many combinations where self is an inadequate translation. It may sometimes be translated by:
[2379.] (1.) Actual, positive, even.
habet certōs suī studiōsōs, quōs valētūdō modo bona sit, tenuitās ipsa dēlectat, Br. 64, he has a clique of admirers, who are charmed by positive scragginess, provided the health be good. hōc ipsum ēlegantius pōnī meliusque potuit, Fin. 2, 100, even this might have been put more logically and better.
[2380.] (2.) Regular, proper, real.
flagrantem invidiā propter interitum C. Gracchī ipse populus Rōmānus perīculō līberāvit, Sest. 140, though greatly detested in consequence of the death of Gracchus, he was acquitted by the Roman people proper. cīvēs Rōmānī permultī in illō oppidō cōniūnctissimō animō cum ipsīs Agrigentīnīs vīvunt, V. 4, 93, a great many Romans live in that town in most friendly relations with the natives of Agrigentum.
[2381.] (3.) As well, likewise, too, for which, from Livy on, et ipse is used.
hoc Rīpheus, hoc ipse Dymās, omnisque iuventūs laeta facit, V. 2, 394, this Ripheus doth, this Dymas too, and all the youth alert. cōgitātiō Locrōs urbem recipiendī, quae sub dēfectiōnem Ītaliae dēscīverat et ipsa ad Poenōs, L. 29, 6, 1, a project for recovering the city of Locri, which, on the revolt of Italy, had likewise gone over to the Carthaginians.
[2382.] (4.) Alone, mere.
nōn sōlum adventus malī, sed etiam metus ipse adfert calamitātem, IP. 15, not only the coming of misfortune, but even the mere dread of it brings disaster.
[2383.] (5.) Exactly, just, with numerals and dates, or right, of place.