1. * Gills grey or somewhat fuscous. Pileus dusky, hygr.
  2. pascua, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. conico-exp. subumb. striate, livid bistre, paler and shining when dry; g. crowded, narrowed behind, greyish; s. 3-5 cm. silky-fibrous, striate, pale; sp. rough, 9-10.
  3. var. umbonata, Q. P. acute, umb. bay; s. fibrilloso-striate, silvery.
  4. [proletaria, Fr. P. campan.-exp. obtuse, somewhat umber, disc darker, villose; g. sooty grey; s. fibrous, very fragile, grey; sp. rough, 10-12 × 6.
  5. [versatilis, Fr. P. convex then flattened, glabrous, shining, livid aerugineous; g. grey; s. greyish white, with a silvery sheen when dry.
  6. [limosa, Fr. Smell strong of meal. P. campan. obtuse, glabrous, sooty, hoary-silky when dry; g. adnate, grey; s. polished, base inflated, glabrous.
  7. Babingtonii, Blox. P. 1-1.5 cm. conico-campan. pale grey, silky, with fasciculate fibrils, disc squamulose; g. adnate, grey; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, rather wavy, strigose and covered with brown down; sp. rough, 7-8.
  8. mammosa, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conico-campan. papillate, striate, glabrous, fuscous, pale when dry; g. grey; s. 4-5 cm. rigid, polished, apex with white meal; sp. rough, 7-8 × 5-6.
  9. [papillata, Bres. P. subcampan. exp. papillate, striate, fuscous-bay then paler; g. sinuato-adnate; s. shining, glabrous, base with white down; sp. 5-7-angled, 10-11 × 6-7.
  11. [Bresadolae, Mass. (= N. clandestina, Bres.). P. campan. exp. umb. or papillate, glabrous, shining, striate, umber-bay or almost black then rufescent; g. thick, umber then fuscous-purple; s. polished, blackish-bay, subequal; sp. 5-6-angled, 9-10 × 7.
  12. [clandestina, Fr. Umber. P. hemispher. umb. slightly striate, glabrous, silky when dry; g. very distant, thick, umber then purplish; s. short, naked.
  13. [bryophila, Boud. and Roze. P. conico-campan. striate, apiculate, pale rufous brown, apex blackish; g. nearly free; s. cartilaginous, semipellucid, equal.
  14. juncea, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. conical then exp. radiately striate, sooty umber, disc subumbil. subsquamulose; g. obovate, grey then brownish purple; s. 4-6 cm. slender, fuscous; sp. rough, 10-12.
  15. [fumosella, Wint. (= A. fumosus, Rab.). P. subconic, then subexp. umbil. subpellucid virgate, reddish grey, sometimes white-floccose, silky shining when dry; g. adnexed, subtriangular, closely crowded, grey then brownish; s. colour of p., base albo-floccose, rooting, slightly viscid.
  16. fulvostrigosa, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. subumb. rugulose, ochre with olive tinge; g. adnexed; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, mealy-squamulose, base densely strigose with reddish fibrils; sp. rough, 10 × 6; cystidia conical.
  17. ** Gills yellowish or reddish.
  18. nigripes, Trog. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. obtuse, even, fuscous with paler flecks; g. yellowish pink; s. 7-10 cm. twisted, glabrous, black; sp. ——.
  19. pisciodora, Ces. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. obsoletely umb. tawny cinnamon, soft like velvet; g. adnexed; s. 5-7 cm. chestnut then blackish, apex paler, rather velvety; sp. ——.
  20. rufocarnea, B. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. umbil. reddish brown slightly fibrillose; g. ventricose, veined, salmon; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, pale reddish brown, apex paler; sp. 9-10 × 6.
  21. [vinacea, Fr. P. campan.-convex, obtuse, slightly striate, rufescent; g. distant; s. even, glabrous, yellow.
  22. var. squamulosa, Karst. P. campan. subumbil. coarsely striate, scurfy; g. edge floccosely crenulate, golden; s. glabrous, yellowish; sp. rough, 10-12 × 7-8.
  23. [cetrata, Fr. P. camp. then exp. glabrous, furcato-sulcate, yellow; g. pallid yellow; s. fragile, glabrous, yellow; sp. rough, 10-12 × 10.
  24. [cuneata, Bres. P. conico-cuspidate, glabrous, striate, lurid yellow, cusp yellowish, g. pale yellow then brownish flesh-colour; s. yellowish, apex with white scurf, base with contorted fibres; sp. angular, 10-12 × 7-8.
  26. [carneovirens, Jungh. P. campan. deeply striate, greenish yellow; g. free, broad; s. solid, glabrous, dusky aerugineous; sp. 11-12 × 7-8.
  27. icterina, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. campan.-convex, striate, papillate, yellowish green, hygr.; g. distant, ventricose; s. 3-4 cm. rigid, floccosely mealy, colour of p. or brownish; sp. rough, 11-12 × 8.
  28. subglobosa, A. and S. P. 2 cm. hemispher. even, viscid, yellowish; g. nearly free, rhomboid; s. 3-4 cm. striate, pale; sp. 9 × 7.
  29. [hesperidium, Brig. P. broadly campan. even, waxy yellow, disc darker; g. free, crowded; white then greyish violet, edge at length blackish; s. even, shining white.
  30. [pleopodia, Bull. P. campan. then exp. and edge upraised, even, yellowish; g. narrowed behind, dingy flesh-colour; s. equal, yellowish white, apex pruinose; sp. 10-12 × 4.
  31. *** Gills white then rosy. Hygroph.
  32. picea, Kalchbr. Smell of stinking fish. P. 2-3 cm. conical then campan. papillate, even, glabrous, pitch brown then umber; g. emarginate; s. 3-5 cm. slightly pruinose, colour of p.; sp. 7-8 × 5.
  33. Differs from N. pisciodora in colour of gills and p.
  34. [hirtipes, Fl. Dan. P. conico-campan. fuscous; g. free, obovate, rosy; s. slender, glabrous, colour of p. hirsute below; sp. rough, 7-9.
  35. infula, Fr. Very tough. P. 2 cm. conical then exp. papillate, shining, dark grey then pale; g. narrow, closely crowded, pure white then rosy; s. 4-5 cm. rigid, glabrous, naked, fuscous; sp. ——.
  36. var. versiformis, Fr. P. convex then depr. or even infundib. but persistently papillate.
  37. [viridifluens, Lasch. P. campan. subumbil. dry, fibrous, fuscous olive; g. adnate, broad; s. greenish-yellow.
  38. Exuding a green juice when broken.
  39. [staurospora, Bres. P. conico-campan. hygr. brownish umber, margin striate; g. subadnexed, white then flesh-colour; s. livid, fibrilloso-striate, often twisted, tall, albo-floccose at base; sp. almost quadrangular-stellate, 10-12.
  40. Differs from N. hirtipes in larger size, fibrillose stem, downy, not strigose at base.
  41. **** Gills whitish. Not hygr.
  42. verecunda, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan.-convex, disc rather fleshy, subumb. watery reddish, striate towards edge, flocculose; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. pallid, apex mealy; sp. 10-12 × 5-8.
  43. coelestina, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan. obtuse, blue, disc darker, scabrid; g. adnate, very broad; s. 2-3 cm. blackish blue, apex pruinose; sp. glob. 10.
  44. [cruentata, Q. P. campan. mammilate, edge exp. pruinose, bluish-lilac; g. broad; s. slender, glaucous or bluish, rufescent when touched; sp. rough, 10.
  46. exilis, Fr. P. 2 cm. conico-exp. striate, livid grey, apex darker and papillate; g. adnexed; s. 4-6 cm. filiform, bluish green, apex naked; sp. ——.
  47. [Kretzschmarii, Rab. P. ovate then exp. reddish then greyish white, umbo rather fleshy, pellucidly striate at edge; g. decur.; s. yellowish brown, base floccosely rooting.
  48. rubida, Berk. P. up to 1 cm. convex then exp. umbil. whitish grey then rufescent, minutely silky; g. adnate, slightly decur.; s. 4-6 mm. white; sp. 4-5 × 3.
  49. [cocles, Fr. Small. P. at first cucullate, furcato-sulcate, disc umbil., umber, scabrid, becoming exp.; g. adnate, broad, distant; s. glabrous, livid.
  50. [monachella, Q. P. campan. apiculate, striate, diaphanous, white, centre spotted sooty; g. adnate, uncinate; s. bulbillose, white, hyaline; sp. rough, 10-12 × 6-8.
  51. [minuta, Karst. P. convex, sometimes subumbil. striate up to umbilicus, glabrous, pallid fuscous, paler when dry and shining; g. adnate, pallid; s. pallid fuscous, glabrous; sp. rough, 7-9.

LEPTONIA, Fr.

  1. * Gills whitish. Pileus rather fleshy, not striate, not hygr.
  2. [Linkii, Fr. P. convexo-plane, fibrillosely virgate, sooty black then grey, disc darker; g. white then flesh-colour, edge black; s. glabrous, smoky, base incurved; sp. 10 long.
  3. [Forquignoni, Q. P. umbil. wavy, rugulosely striate, granulated, olive, diaphanous; g. eroded, hoary; s. slightly striate, silky; sp. rough, 11 long.
  4. placida, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, obtuse, grey or bluish, downy disc darker, fibrillosely scaly; g. adnexed, broad, entirely whitish; s. 4-7 cm. blackish-blue, apex with white bloom and very minutely spotted black; sp. ——.
  5. Differs from L. lappula in p. not being umbil.
  6. anatina, Lasch. P. 3-4 cm. campan. indistinctly umb. greyish brown, longitudinally fibrillosely squamulose; g. adnexed, broad; s. 3-4 cm. bluish, pruinose then fibrillosely squamulose, apex even (not spotted black); sp. 8 × 5. (10-12 × 7-8 Sacc.)
  7. Differs from L. placida and L. lappula in not having black points at apex of stem.
  8. lappula, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umbil. grey, even, the darker umbilicus with erect fibrils, giving a muricellato-punctate appearance; g. broad, crowded; s. 4-5 cm. brownish-lilac or blackish-purple, apex naked and with black points; sp. ——.
  10. lampropoda, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex then exp. or subdepr. flocculose then squamulose, sooty grey then paler; g. adnate, ventricose; s. 3-4 cm. even, firm bluish violet, apex not black spotted; sp. rough, 10-11 × 6-7.
  11. Differs from L. asprella in even p. not being umbilicate.
  12. var. cyanulus, Lasch. Slender. P. subumbil. floccosely villose, blackish blue; s. capillary.
  13. aethiops, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. plano-depr. even, shining, black then smoky, glabrous but innately fibrillosely virgate; g. adnate, entirely whitish; s. 3-5 cm. blackish brown, black punctate upwards; sp. rough, 10 × 7.
  14. Differs from L. lampropoda in black punctate s.
  15. solstitialis, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. at length depr. papillate, rugulose, obsoletely innately fibrillose, fuscous; g. emarginate, broad; 2-3 cm. smoky, glabrous; sp. rough, 12-14 × 7.
  16. [camelina, Lasch. P. obtuse, pallid rufous; g. arcuate, crowded; s. stuffed, fibrillose, base curved.
  17. [Turci, Bres. P. convex, umbil. then exp. brown-umber then tan, densely downy then squamulose; g. broad; s. hollow, compr. livid cinnamon; flesh white, rosy when broken; sp. angular, 11-12 × 7-8.
  18. ** Gills at first bluish or grey.
  19. serrulata, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. exp. umbil. rather scaly, blackish blue; g. broad, edge black-serrulate; s. 2-3 cm. paler than p. with black points above; sp. rough, 12-14 × 6-8.
  20. euchroa, Pers. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan.-convex, obtuse, fibrillosely scaly, violet; g. violet, edge darker, entire; s. 2-3 cm. violet, not black punctate; sp. rough, 10 × 7-8.
  21. Differs from L. chalybea and L. lazulina by growing on wood.
  22. chalybea, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. convex, subumb. not striate, flocculose then squamulose, dark violet; g. greyish-white, edge rather paler; s. 3-5 cm. blue, not punctate; sp. 10 × 6.
  23. Differs from L. lazulina by p. not being striate.
  24. lazulina, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. campan. striate, at first glabrous then cracked into squamules, sooty black; g. adnate, equally narrowed from stem to edge of p. pallid grey; s. 4-5 cm. blue, not punctate; sp. 10 × 6.
  25. [Bresadolae, Schulz. P. subglobose then exp. umbil. and depr. umber, minutely squamulose; g. pale violet; s. bright blue, base bulbous with white down; sp. rough, 8-10.
  26. [Bizzozeriana, Sacc. P. umb. exp. dusky grey with dark scurf; g. dusky vinous-purple; s. dusky purple; sp. 7 × 3.
  27. [Gorteri, Weinm. P. convex, obtuse, velvety-squamulose, grey then pale, edge white-fimbriate; g. fuscous purple, shining; s. purple violet.
  29. *** Gills fuscous- or dusky-purple.
  30. [calimorpha, Weinm. P. conico-convex, umb. densely squamulose, sooty or black; g. nearly free, ventricose, with a purple sheen, edge black; s. blackish-purple.
  31. [aquila, Fr. P. exp. deeply umbil. bay; g. sinuato-adnexed, very broad; s. stuffed, fuscous, thickened upwards.
  32. [pyrenaica, Pat. and Doas. P. convexo-plane, 4-5 mm. slightly umb. edge incurved, reddish brown; g. pale red, adnate with a tooth; s. solid, curved, colour of p.; sp. 5-6.
  33. **** Gills pallid. Pileus yellow or greenish then pale.
  34. incana, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, somewhat virgate, brownish green; g. adnate with decur. tooth, greenish white; s. 3-5 cm. shining, brownish green; sp. rough, 8-9.
  35. [euchlora, Lasch. P. campan. convex, not striate, yellow-green with brown fibrils, darker disc impressed; g. adnate; s. squamulosely fibrillose, greenish-yellow, base aerugineo-tomentose; sp. 10-14 × 6-8.
  36. formosa, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumbil. slightly striate, yellow wax-colour with brown adpressed fibrils and scattered squamules; g. adnate, pallid yellow; s. 4-5 cm. striate, shining, yellow; sp. 10-12 × 8.
  37. var. suavis, Lasch. S. becoming bluish.
  38. chloropolius, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. striate, livid, centre with black squamules; g. adnate, pallid; s. 4-5 cm. even, bluish-green; sp. rough, 7-8 × 5. (12-14 × 6-8 Sacc.)
  39. [pallens, Karst. P. convex exp. disc slightly depr. glabrous, livid, pale and shining when dry; g. adnate, seceding; s. pallid, glabrous; sp. rough, 9-10.
  40. [melleo-pallens, Karst. P. convex, entirely striate, glabrous, shining, brownish honey-colour then pale; g. soon free, edge darker; s. colour of p. base with white down; sp. rough, 13-15 × 10-11.
  41. ***** Gills grey or glaucous. Pileus hygr. substriate.
  42. asprella, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. glabrous or fibrillose, striate, umbilicus downy then squamulose, sooty then livid grey; g. adnate, equally narrowed to the edge; s. 3-4 cm. slender, even, glabrous, livid, tinged green or blue; sp. 10-12 × 6-8.
  43. [scabrosa, Fr. P. exp. umbilic. from the first, not striate, squamulose, sooty-brown, then grey, hygr.; g. adnate, segmentoid, grey; s. even, apex with black points and white meal.
  45. nefrens, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. then infundib. hygr. rather wavy, livid sooty, depression darkest, pale when dry; g. broad, edge blackish, entire; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, livid fuscous; sp. 4-5 × 3.
  46. Differs from L. serrulata in entire edge of g. and absence of black points at apex of s.
  47. [sarcita, Fr. Fragile. P. exp. radiato-striate, uniform, hygr. torn into fibrillose scales, smoky, hoary when dry; g. linear, thick, distant, glaucous; s. short, glabrous; sp. 10-12 × 8.
  48. ****** Gills white.
  49. [Kervernii, Guern. P. fleshy-ochre or buff-yellow, dotted with flecks; g. free, ventricose; s. slightly squamulose, shining white, often compr. base cottony.
  50. [Queletii, Boud. P. white with scattered rosy-amethyst flecks; g. white then rosy; s. white then yellowish; sp. rough, 14.
  51. [sericella, Bull. Shining white. P. silky; g. flesh-colour; s. slender, fibrillose.
  52. [Gillotii, Q. Diaphanous, becoming hyaline white. P. striate, umbil. tinged olive; s. fistulose, silky, base white-downy; sp. rough, 9.
  53. [parasitica, Q. Pruinose, shining white. P. orbicular; g. sinuate, white then rosy; s. arcuate, apex dilated.
  54. [aemulans, Karst. P. convex, umbil. innately squamulose, grey, opaque; g. adnate, broad, smoky; s. glabrous, dusky livid, base whitish.
  55. Resembles Clitopilus vilis.

CLITOPILUS, Fr.

  1. I. Orcelli. Gills deeply decur. Pileus irreg. subexcentric, wavy, scarcely hygr. edge at first flocculose.
  2. prunulus, Scop. Smell like new meal. P. 5-9 cm. compact, convex and regular then wavy, dry, pruinose, greyish white; g. rather distant; s. 2-3 cm. ventricose, naked, striate, white; sp. 7-8 × 5. Edible.
  3. orcella, Bull. Smell like new meal. P. 5-7 cm. soft, plano-depr. irreg. from first, silky, rather viscid when moist, yellowish-white; g. crowded; s. 2 cm. flocculose, thickened upwards; sp. 7 × 4.
  4. mundulus, Lasch. P. 3-5 cm. plano-depr. unequal, dry, white; g. closely crowded, narrow; s. 2-3 cm. floccosely villose, white, becoming blackish inside; sp. 10 × 5.
  5. [pseudoorcella, Fr. P. exp. depr. even, somewhat fuscous, but silkily hoary; g. broad, distant, greyish white; s. solid, short, outside and inside greyish-brown.
  7. popinalis, Fr. Entirely grey. P. 3-5 cm. flaccid, rather wavy, glabrous; g. crowded, dark grey; s. 3-4 cm. equal, naked; sp. rough, 4-5.
  8. undatus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. deeply umbil. wavy, fragile, sooty grey, pale and silky opaque; g. dark grey; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, colour of p.; sp. rough, 6-8. (10-12, Quél.)
  9. var. viarum, Fr. P. often excentric, greyish hoary, shining, with darker zones.
  10. [concentricus, Gill. P. convex, umbil. edge wavy, greyish or reddish with brown broken concentric lines; g. reddish grey; s. pale reddish with abundant white down at base.
  11. cancrinus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex-umbil. then exp. unequal, flocculose, smooth, pale reddish-white; g. decur. distant; s. 2 cm. tough, glabrous, white; sp. rough, 5-6.
  12. cretatus, B. and Br. P. 1-2 cm. convex then umbil. thin, dead white but shining, edge incurved; g. very decur.; s. 4-6 mm. white; sp. subgl. 4-5. (7 × 3 Phil., 11-12 long, Quél.)
  13. [lentulus, Karst. P. plano-depr. often irreg. rather silky, rather viscid when moist, whitish; g. decur. closely crowded, narrow, pallid; s. solid, equal, wavy, flocculose, pallid; sp. rough, 2-4.
  14. II. Sericelli. Pileus regular silky or hygr.-silky, edge involute, naked. Gills adnate, slightly decur.
  15. carneoalbus, Wither. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. convex then exp. and depr. edge drooping, white, polished; g. crowded; s. 2-3 cm. equal, solid, white; sp. rough, 7-8.
  16. [angustus, Pers. P. convexo-plane, subumb. grey, silky-shining when dry; g. tinged flesh-colour; s. glabrous, white, base incurved, downy; sp. 7-8 × 5.
  17. sarnicus, Mass. P. 2-3 cm. becoming plane, subumbonate, grey, silky; g. plane then suddenly decurrent near the stem, reddish; s. 2-3 cm. flexuous, white, smooth; sp. nodulose, 7-8 × 6.
  18. [nidusavis, Secr. P. plano-umb. floccosely-scurfy, greyish brown, at length wavy; g. broad, thickish, white then flesh-colour; s. flocculose, thickened at both ends, base with white down; sp. 8-9 × 6.
  19. [hydroionides, Cesati. Tough, violet then grey. P. convex, obsoletely umb. hygr.; g. adnato-decur. whitish; s. hollow, short, even.
  20. vilis, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umbil. slightly striate, grey, silky-flocculose; g. crowded, white then greyish; s. hollow, fibrillosely striate, grey; sp. 7-8 × 6.
  21. [ionipterus, Cesati. P. plano-depr. glabrous, violet; g. adnato-decur. bluish; s. solid, pallid, cracked into fibres outside.
  22. [cicatrisatus, Lasch. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, not striate, rivuloso-rugulose when adult, fuscous; g. broad, pallid; s. even, base strigose, rooting.
  24. [neglectus, Lasch. P. convex then umbil. not striate, floccosely-fibrillose, whitish ochre then pallid; g. adnato-decur.; s. solid, weak, whitish.
  25. straminipes, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. fragile, whitish, shining, soon exp. and depr.; g. whitish then rosy; s. 3-5 cm. straw-colour below, mealy above, hollow; sp. rough, 10-12.
  26. stilbocephalus, B. and Br. P. 2-4 cm. campan. obtuse, edge straight, yellowish-white or greyish, sparkling with atoms; g. veined, adnate or emarginate; s. 4-7 cm. silky-fibrous, white; sp. rough, 12 × 7-8.
  27. Smithii, Mass. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane and orbicular, often wavy, atomate, white or tinged yellow; g. broadly adnate; s. 4-7 cm. surface undulated, pallid with a reddish tinge below; sp. glob. 4.

ECCILIA, Fr.

[polita, Pers. P. umbil. glabrous, hygr. livid, shining when dry; g. crowded; s. equal, livid, polished, apex subpruinose.

[apiculata, Fr. P. convex, depr. umb. even, hygr. livid, silky when dry; g. rather distant, grey; s. equal, glabrous, livid.

Parkensis, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. deeply umbil. glabrous, fuscous, striate to middle; g. crowded; s. 2 cm. colour of p. glabrous; sp. rough, 8-10.

carneogrisea, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umbil. finely striate, greyish pink, edge darker, micaceous; g. subdecur. edge irreg. darker; s. 2-4 cm. colour of p. white down at base; sp. rough, 7 × 5.