I. Phlegmacium. Partial veil cobwebby. Pileus equally fleshy, viscid; stem firm, dry. p. [177].

II. Myxacium. Universal veil glutinous, hence the pileus and scarcely bulbous stem are viscid. Pileus rather thin; gills adnate or decurrent. p. [183].

III. Inoloma. Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first scaly, fibrillose or innately silky, not hygrophanous. Veil simple. Stem fleshy, subbulbous. p. [185].

IV. Dermocybe. Flesh of pileus thin, everywhere equal, at first downy or subinnately silky, but glabrous when adult, dry, not hygrophanous. p. [188].

V. Telamonia. Pileus hygrophanous, at first glabrous or with whitish superficial fibrils. Flesh entirely thin or the margin abruptly so, splitting. Universal veil peronate, or forming a ring low down on the stem, apex somewhat cortinate, hence the veil is double. p. [191].

VI. Hydrocybe. Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white fibrils, not viscid but moist when growing, losing the deep colour and becoming pale when dry, flesh very thin, splitting, disc rarely thicker. Stem rather rigid, not peronate; veil thin, fibrillose, rarely collapsing and forming an irregular zone round the stem. p. [196].

  1. I. Phlegmacium.
    Partial veil cobwebby. Pileus equally fleshy, viscid. Stem firm, dry.
    1. * Cliduchii. Partial veil superior, forming a pendulous ring round the apex of the subequal or clavate stem.
      1. + Gills pallid then tan.
      2. triumphans, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. convex then exp. even, yellow, at first with a few adpr. darker scales; g. emarginate, crowded, quite entire; s. 7-14 cm. solid, clavate, with several concentric squamulose tawny rings; sp. 12-14 × 5-6.
      3. [crocolitus, Q. P. disc, with saffron squamules; g. white, lilac, then tan; s. squamulose, ring thin, yellowish-white.
      4. claricolor, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. firm, exp. glabrous, shining when dry, yellow, often cracked into scales; g. subadnexed, crowded, serrate, greyish white then pallid; s. solid, at first floccoso-squamulose from white veil; sp. 11-12 × 6-7.
      5. turmalis, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous, discoid, dingy yellow; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, subserrate, tan; s. 7-12 cm. cylindric, white, at first woolly-peronate; sp. 8-9 × 5.
      6. crassus, Fr. P. 7-11 cm. flesh thick, plano-depr. dingy yellow, disc glabrous, rest fibrilloso-strigose; g. crowded, quite entire, tan; s. 6-9 cm. stout, fibrillose, white, apex mealy; sp. 15 × 7.
      7. balteatus, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. exp. compact, soon dry and broken up into flecks, tawny, edge violet or bluish; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, entire, whitish; s. at first peronato-tomentose, white, apex velvety; sp. ——.
      8. sebaceus, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. incurved then exp. rather wavy, pallid, white-pruinose; g. emarg. not crowded, tan; s. 6-10 cm. solid, equal, fibrillose, pallid; sp. 9 × 7.
      9. lustratus, Fr. Wholly whitish. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, edge fibrillose, cortinate; g. closely crowded; s. 3-5 cm. solid, nearly equal; sp. ——.
      10. Resembling Entol. prunuloides, but sp. ochre.
      11. ++ Gills violet or purplish, then cinnamon.
      12. varius, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. compact, discoid, edge glabrous, flesh white, rusty; g. crowded, entire, purplish then cinnamon; s. 3-5 cm. conical, adpr. flocculose, whitish; sp. ——.
      13. cyanopus, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. even, glabrous, bay or tawny, flesh whitish; g. adnato-emarg. broad, violet then pale; s. 4-5 cm. violet then whitish, bulb depressed, oblique; sp. ——.
      14. variicolor, Fr. P. 8-11 cm. compact, discoid, tomentose edge violet, rest bay; g. decur.-emarginate, bluish then tan; s. 8-11 cm. villose at first blue then whitish; sp. 9-10 × 5. Flesh bluish then pallid.
      15. var. nemorensis, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. yellowish-bay, edge at first bluish; s. clavate, 7 cm. apex hollow, mealy; g. rotundato-subdecur.
      16. largus, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. exp. wavy, subgibbous, tan or reddish, flesh grey then white; g. broad, crowded, entire, grey then cinnamon; s. 8-12 cm. solid, fibrillose, curved, violet then white; sp. 12-14 × 7.
      17. [spadiceus, Fr. P. exp. smoky bay, pellicle separable; g. blue then brownish-tan; s. fibrilloso-striate, pallid.
      18. [pelmatosporus, C. Mart. P. subglobose then campan. or convex, brown or chestnut, centre darker, edge sulcate, incurved then exp. white fibrillose veil persistent; s. stuffed, stout, apex white, violet below, bulb submarginate, yellow; g. sinuate, adnexed; sp. very large.
      19. Riederi, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. campan. then exp. glutinous, ochre, shining when dry; g. adnate, eroded, violet then cinnamon; s. clavate, silky lilac, tawny fibrillose, 6-9 cm.; sp. 12 × 5.
      21. +++ Gills yellow, cinnamon, or ferruginous (not whitish violet at first).
      22. [percomis, Fr. P. convexo-plane, even, very glabrous, gilvous; g. sulphur yellow then tan, broad; s. clavate, sulphur inside.
      23. [vitellinopes, Secr. P. exp. depr. edge of margin upturned, discoid, glabrous, egg-yellow; g. rusty cinnamon; s. solid, rather wavy, white above ring, fibrillose and yellow below.
      24. saginus, Fr. P. 8-11 cm. plano-convex, unequal, glabrous, yellow; g. decur. broad, eroded, pallid then cinnamon; s. 7 cm. somewhat bulbous, yellowish, apex naked; sp. ——.
      25. [cliduchus, Fr. P. depr. shining, discoid, bright yellow; g. serrate, rusty-cinnamon; s. slightly curved, fibrillose, yellow.
      26. russus, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. convexo-plane, silky fibrillose near edge, coppery; g. adnate, broad, connected by veins, rusty; s. 6-7 cm. attenuated, pallid, fibrillose; sp. 8-10 × 5.
      27. ++++ Gills olive.
      28. [cephalixus, Fr. P. plane, rather wavy, olive, edge yellowish, disc with brown granules; g. adnexed, thin, eroded, white then rusty olive; s. clavate, brownish squamulose below.
      29. infractus, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. virgate, edge thin, incurved, olive or yellowish; g. broad, crowded, olive-umber; s. 6-7 cm. ovately bulbous, tinged olive; sp. 10 × 8.
      30. anfractus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. unequal, bent inwards, wavy, olive then tawny fuliginous; g. crisped, rather distant, sooty-olive then tan; s. 4-6 cm. unequal, apex violet; sp. ——.
      31. Berkeleyi, Cke. P. 7-14 cm. convex then exp. edge incurved, rugulose, pale, rest brown; g. narrow, cinnamon with olive tinge; s. 8-14 cm. base bulbous, solid, white; sp. 15-16 × 8-9.
      32. Whole young fungus enclosed in a white volva, patches of which often remain on p.
    2. ** Scauri. Bulb depressed or turbinate, marginate, stem fleshy, fibrous; veil inferior, springing from margin of bulb; pileus equally fleshy; gills subsinuate.
      1. + Gills whitish then tan or pale cinnamon.
      2. multiformis, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. equal, glabrous, yellow or tawny all over, flesh white; g. serrate, white then tan; s. 5-9 cm. yellowish white; sp. 10-12 × 5, rough.
      3. var. flavescens, Cke. Flesh and gills yellow.
      4. [rapaceus, Fr. P. convexo-plane, even, whitish-tan, not becoming paler; flesh white; g. crowded, entire, white then tan; s. stuffed, short, white, bulb depr. marginate.
      6. napus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. glutinous, edge incurved, tawny; g. rather distant, crisped, smoky; s. 4-5 cm. equal, white, bulb obconic and oblique; sp. 10 × 5.
      7. allutus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conico-convex, orange yellow, intense yellow when dry, then pale, edge darker, flesh rufescent; g. adnate, crenulate, white then rufous; s. 2-3 cm. viscid, white, rufous striate below, marginately bulbous; sp. ——.
      8. talus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex, even, dingy yellow then pale, edge yellowish olive; g. pale ochre; s. 6-7 cm. cylindric, glabrous, marginately bulbous, pallid; sp. 8-9 × 4-5.
      9. ++ Gills violet, blue, purplish, becoming cinnamon.
      10. glaucopus, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. compact, incurved then expanded, rather wavy, viscid then floccoso-squamulose or fibrillose, olive-bay then tawny yellow; g. broad; s. 6-8 cm. striate, bluish then yellowish, base marginate; sp. 8 × 4-5.
      11. [pansa, Fr. P. compact, incurved, wavy, glabrous, spotted with innate scales, shining, tawny orange, flesh white; g. entire, blue; s. marginate, yellow.
      12. [variegatus, Bres. P. convex then exp. and umb. edge incurved, rufous brick-red, white fibrillose then glabrous and yellowish tan; g. closely crowded; s. fibrillose, whitish then tinged rusty, base narrowed and somewhat rooting, or marginately bulbous with a clear violet silky basal zone; sp. 8-10 × 3.5-4.
      13. calochrous, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. flesh compact, white; tawny yellow; g. serrate, bluish-purple; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose, yellowish (never blue), bulb abruptly marginate; sp. 7-8 × 4.
      14. caerulescens, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. convex then exp. dingy yellow or tan, flesh blue then pale; g. entire, at first pure deep blue; s. 4-5 cm. solid, attenuated, naked, bulb marginate blue or violet becoming whitish; sp. 9-10 × 5.
      15. purpurascens, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. exp. rather wavy, glutinous, bay or reddish, then tawny olive, spotted, flesh everywhere blue; g. blue then tan, purple when bruised; s. 6-7 cm. fibrillose, deep blue, darker when bruised, marginate bulb disappearing; sp. 10-12 × 5-6.
      16. var. subpurpurascens, Fr. P. thinner, subvirgate, becoming pale; s. stuffed, bluish white.
      17. +++ Gills rusty, tawny, or yellowish.
      18. dibaphus, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. convex then exp. purplish, disc yellowish, variegated with lilac; flesh yellow, violet under the cuticle; g. rusty purple; s. 6-7 cm. yellow, apex purplish, bulb marginate; sp. 12 × 5.
      19. var. xanthophyllus, Cke. G. for a long time yellow.
      20. turbinatus, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. orbicular, dingy yellow or greenish, all one colour, glabrous, becoming pale; g. crowded, entire; s. 4-5 cm. cylindrical, bulb turbinate, marginate, whitish or tinged yellow; sp. 14-16 × 7, rough.
      21. corrosus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous, viscid, ferruginous then pale tan, at length rivulose or subfloccose, opaque when dry, flesh firm, white; g. closely crowded, narrow; s. 3-5 cm. white, cortina fibrillose, apex naked, bulb depr. marginate; sp. ——.
      22. fulgens, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. silky-fibrillose, viscid, tawny orange, flesh becoming spongy and tan; g. emarginate, tawny; s. 5-6 cm. colour of p. fibrillose and woolly, bulb large, depr. marginate; sp. 9 × 5.
      23. Stem viscid when young in damp weather.
      24. [sulfurinus, Q. P. convex, sulphur yellow, edge white, disc with saffron points; g. sulphur then tawny; s. silky, yellowish white.
      25. fulmineus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. tawny, edge orange, with adpressed tawny scales; g. at first pure yellow; s. 2-3 cm. yellow, naked, apex with a white veil, bulb ample, rooting; sp. 10 × 5-6.
      26. Stem slightly viscid at first. C. fulgens differs in tan-coloured flesh.
      27. elegantior, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, edge at first incurved, tawny, flesh yellowish; g. egg-yellow then olive; s. yellowish, marginately bulbous.
      28. orichalceus, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. with a viscid pellicle, disc reddish tawny cracked into patches, edge livid; g. sulphur then greenish; s. 4-7 cm. fibrillose, yellowish, marginately bulbous; sp. ——.
      29. testaceus, Cke. P. 6-9 cm. exp. obtusely umb. or depr. brick-red then paler; g. adnate; s. 6-9 cm. whitish above, tinged rufous below, bulb submarginate, flesh tinged reddish; sp. 16 × 8, rough.
      30. ++++ Gills olivaceous.
      31. [rufoolivaceus, Pers. P. exp. rufous then paler; g. crowded, olive; s. green then yellowish, bulb submarginate.
      32. prasinus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. dingy bluish-green, spotted as if scaly, edge incurved; g. rather distant, olive-yellow; s. 4-5 cm. marginately bulbous, pale olive-green; sp. 10 × 5.
      33. atrovirens, Kalchbr. P. 6-9 cm. convex, dusky-green or dusky-olive, flesh yellowish green; g. yellow-green then tan; s. 6-7 cm. bulb marginate, subturbinate, flesh tinged greenish; sp. 10 × 6.
      34. scaurus, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. equal, exp. smoky-tawny then pale, spotted, edge thin becoming striate; g. crowded, purplish-olive; s. 6-7 cm. greenish or bluish, never yellow, narrowed upwards from marginate bulb; sp. 10 × 5.
      35. herpeticus, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. olive then dingy tan, flesh violet then whitish; g. violet-umber then sooty-olive; s. 5-7 cm. fibrillose, pallid, bulb napiform, marginate; sp. 10 × 6.
    3. *** Elastici. Veil simple, thin, fugacious, median or inferior. Stem never marginately bulbous or peronate, but elastic, rigid, externally polished, shining, cartilaginous.
      1. + Gills white then tan or dingy cinnamon.
      2. cumatilis, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, with bluish-violet gluten, disc brownish; g. adnexed, serrate; s. 6-7 cm. subbulbous, white, veil forming a volva at base; sp. ——.
      3. serarius, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. gibbous, not polished, viscid, opaque, reddish-tan; g. arcuato-adfixed; s. 7-9 cm. fibrillose, shining, and like the flesh white; sp. ——.
      4. emollitus, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. exp. wavy, slightly fibrillose-virgate, tawny then ochre and shining; g. white then ochre; s. 3-4 cm. scarcely bulbous, fibrillose, white as is also the flesh; sp. ——.
      5. cristallinus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. very glabrous, viscid, shining, hygr. pallid, edge whitish; g. crowded, tan; s. 5-6 cm. hollow, nearly equal, white; sp. 8 × 4.
      6. decoloratus, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. soon dry and flocculose, tan then pale, often corrugated when old; g. greyish-tan; s. 6-7 cm. base thickened, fibrillosely-striate, silvery; sp. 7 × 4.
      7. ++ Gills violet, purplish or flesh-colour.
      8. decolorans, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. all one colour, yellow; g. dry, purplish then tan; s. 5-8 cm. narrowed upwards, and like the flesh, white; sp. 10 × 8.
      9. porphyropus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. thin, virgate, ochre, often spotted; g. rather crowded, thin; s. 5-9 cm. somewhat attenuated, lilac, purplish when bruised as is also the flesh; sp. 10-12 × 7.
      10. [rubropunctatus, Karst. P. thin, convexo-plane, even, glabrous, glutinous, yellow; g. adnexed, crowded, white then ochre; s. wavy, fibrillose, white, apex pruinose red-punctate; sp. 8-10 × 4-5.
      11. croceocoeruleus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. lilac; g. lilac then orange-tan; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, fragile, white; sp. 8 × 5.
      12. [maculosus, Fr. P. conico-convex then exp. and wavy, whitish spotted with umber scales; g. pinkish-white, grey then tan; s. squamosely fibrillose, white.
      13. +++ Gills pure ochre, tawny, or rusty.
      14. corruscans, Fr. P. 7-11 cm. plane, even, glabrous, yellowish ochre often spotted; g. plano-decur. closely crowded, ochre; s. 7-12 cm. solid, elastic, white; sp. ——.
      15. papulosus, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. discoid, soon rivulose, granulato-punctate, honey-tan, disc darker; g. adnato-decur.; s. 6-7 cm. fibrillose, white; sp. ——.
      17. [intentus, Fr. P. exp. soft, ochre or tawny; g. adnate, closely crowded, bright saffron; s. hollow, rigid, fragile, yellowish.
      18. [compar, Fr. P. exp. even, yellowish, edge thin; g. adnate, rusty-cinnamon; s. fibrillose, apex lilac.
      19. [subsimilis, Fr. P. exp. sooty brown, flesh white; g. adnate, smoky then tan; s. solid, equal, fibrillose, tawny.
      20. ++++ Gills olive or smoky.
      21. [olivascens, Fr. P. exp. olive then sooty at length pale; g. tan tinged olive; s. silvery-pallid. Taste very acrid.
  2. II. Myxacium.
    Universal veil glutinous, hence pileus and scarcely bulbous stem viscid. Pileus rather thin. Gills adnate or decurrent.
    1. * Colliniti. Stem floccosely peronate, flocci at first covered with gluten.
    2. [alutipes, Lasch. P. exp. obtuse, even, yellow-brown or bay; g. adnate, rather distant, tawny cinnamon; s. solid, stout, peronato-annulate, glutinous.
      1. + Gills whitish then tan.
      2. nitidus, Fr. P. 5-12 cm. exp. or depr. discoid, honey-coloured tan then pale, disc tan; g. truly and equally attenuato-decur. crowded; s. 5-9 cm. clavate, white, apex with white meal; sp. 10-12 × 8.
      3. [emunctus, Trog. P. campan. convex, pale violet then grey; g. adnate, subdistant; s. glutinous, pallid, apex naked, white.
      4. [liquidus, Fr. P. exp. even, glutinous, yellowish, silky and whitish when dry; g. truly decur. distant; s. attenuated, glutinous, white.
      5. ++ Gills at first violet, bluish or reddish.
      6. salor, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. gibbous, innately fibrillose, violet; g. adnate, tan, edge violet; s. 4-7 cm. solid, conically attenuated, bulbous, glabrous, covered at the apex with the blue glutinous veil; sp. 8-10 × 6.
      7. [naevosus, Fr. P. exp. subdepr. reddish yellow, crowded with minute spot-like scales; g. emarginate, broad, blue then tan; s. solid, pallid grey, with yellowish hyaline gluten.
      8. delibutus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. obtuse, yellowish with viscid hyaline gluten; g. adnate, serrulate, pallid blue then rusty; s. 5-9 cm. thin, attenuated, with whitish gluten; sp. 8 × 4.
      9. var. elegans, Fr. P. and s. quite glabrous, with yellow viscidity, shining when dry; flesh yellowish white.
      10. illibatus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. campan.-convex, then exp. and subumb. yellow disc darker; g. adnato-decur. crowded, rosy then tan; s. 5-7 cm. white, glabrous, often with reddish spots above; sp. 15-16 × 6-7.
      11. +++ Gills at first ochraceous or cinnamon.
      12. [epipoleus, Fr. P. exp. gibbous, hoary-shining; g. decur. edge wavy, rather distant, tan; s. bulbous, clavate, obsoletely violet, viscid.
      14. stillatitius, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. subumb. even, smeared at first with blue gluten, then livid fuscous, finally greyish-white; g. emarginate, broad; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, very soft, with blue mucus; sp. 8 × 4.
      15. Somewhat resembling C. elatior but smaller, and veil not floccose.
      16. vibratilis, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. thin, almost plane, subgibbous, hygr. yellow or tawny, golden and shining when dry; g. adnato-decur. crowded; s. soft, conical, snow-white, glutinous veil fugacious; sp. 8 × 5.
      17. Habit of C. armeniacus and C. causticus. Differs from both in very soft, snow-white stem, and glutinous veil.
      18. pluvius, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. globose, then convex, viscid, hygr. yellowish tawny, tan and opaque when dry; g. decur. then seceding, white then ochre; s. 5-6 cm. slender, subequal, soft, white then pallid; sp. 10 × 8.
      19. [oliveus, Q. P. fibrilloso-virgate, viscid, olive green, flesh yellowish-olive; s. silky, citrin, base clavate; g. reddish amethyst.
    3. arvinaceus, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. exp. edge patent, golden-tawny or reddish-tan; g. adnato-decur. straw-colour then ochre; s. 10-17 cm. cylindric, yellowish-white, silky-viscid; sp. ——.
    4. collinitus, Fr. P. 7-11 cm. fleshy, convex and incurved then exp. even, shining, tawny-orange; g. adnate, greyish tan then cinnamon; s. 7-12 cm. cylindric, floccosely glutinous broken up into transverse squamules; sp. 12 × 6.
    5. var. mucosus, Fr. Firmer. S. even, silky; g. whitish then rusty.
    6. [alpinus, Boud. P. convex camp. firm, viscid, tawny yellow; s. white, apex sulcate, ring and below glutinous; g. adnate, broad, cinnamon, edge paler. Flesh pale ochraceous.
    7. Differs from C. collinitus and C. livido-ochraceus in very convex p. and permanently white s. grooved at apex.
    8. mucifluus, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. campan.-exp. smeared with hyaline gluten that disappears, edge striate livid-tan or yellowish; g. adnate, tan; s. 5-7 cm. narrowed downwards, viscid and floccosely squamulose, white or tinged violet; sp. 12 × 7.
    9. elatior, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. cylindrical then exp. thin except disc, plicato-rugose, livid yellow then dingy ochre; g. adnate, very broad, connected by veins; s. 10-16 cm. narrowed to both ends, whitish or tinged lilac; sp. 12 × 6.
    10. grallipes, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. thin, campan. then exp. umb. even, hygr. rusty then ochre; g. adnato-decur. very broad; s. 9-14 cm. stuffed then hollow, rather wavy, yellowish; sp. ——.
    11. Habit of C. hinnuleus, but viscid.
    12. livido-ochraceus, B. P. 3-5 cm. very thin, exp. ochre; g. rounded behind and slightly adnexed, cinnamon; s. 2-3 cm. narrowed at both ends, whitish; sp. 8-10 × 5-7.
    13. [suratus, Fr. P. convex, equal, yellow, shining, disc depr. brownish, cracked; g. adnate, violet then dingy flesh-colour; s. solid, rather bulbous, flexuous, with yellowish scales, apex naked, tinged violet.
    14. ** Delibuti. Veil entirely viscid, stem not floccosely peronate but only viscid, shining when dry.
  3. III. Inoloma.
    Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first scaly, fibrillose or innately silky, not hygrophanous. Veil simple. Stem fleshy, subbulbous.
    1. * Gills at first white or pallid.
    2. opimus, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. hard, exp. unequal, dry, with adpressed tan tomentum, rimoso-rivulose; g. emarginate, white then tan; s. 2.5-3 cm. hard, stout, pallid, with white fibrils; sp. ——.
    3. var. fulvobrunneus, Fr. P. glabrous then rivulose; g. very broad.
    4. [argutus, Fr. P. conical then exp. subgibbous, silky-fibrillose, ochraceous; g. adnate; s. solid, ventricose, fibroso-squamose, yellowish white.
    5. turgidus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. atomate then glabrous, whitish tan, shining, edge at first silky; g. emarginate, crowded, edge entire; s. 4-6 cm. bulbous, rimosely-striate, glabrous, silvery shining; sp. ——.
    6. Differs from C. argentatus in very obtuse p. and entire edge of gills.
    7. [praestans, Cord. P. convex, orbicular, silky-shining, brownish violet; g. hyaline then grey; s. fibrous inside, solid, whitish, cylindrical, sometimes wavy, rather bulbous. Esculent.
    8. argentatus, Krombh. P. 6-9 cm. convex, almost glabrous, silvery grey, shining, disc subgibbous, pallid, near the edge at first silky-lilac; g. emarginate, crowded, serrate; s. 7-9 cm. stout, white; sp. 8 × 5.
    9. var. pinetorum, Fr. Smaller. At first lilac and silky.
    11. ** Gills with veil and stem more or less violet.
    12. violaceus, L. P. 7-14 cm. very fleshy, dark violet, with downy scales; g. broad, thick, distant, dark; s. 6-9 cm. bulbous, spongy, downy, greyish violet; sp. 12-14 × 9-10.
    13. Dark violet both outside and inside.
    14. cyanites, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. obtuse silky, even, pale blue; g. at first clear blue; s. 7-12 cm. blue, bulbous, with red juice; sp. 10 × 5-6.
    15. var. major, Fr. P. and s. slowly becoming reddish; g. dark blue-grey.
    16. [calopus, Karst. P. convex, exp. even, hoary, silky-lilac near edge at first, then more or less rusty; g. adnate, at first pale cinnamon, entire; s. solid, equal, base thickened, usually curved, purple-lilac then pale, floccosely-scaly then pale; sp. 7-8 × 4-5.
    17. muricinus, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. obtuse, rufous violet, edge fibrillose; g. rather crowded; s. 6-7 cm. bulbous, juiceless, downy, purplish violet; sp. 8-9 × 4-5.
    18. Flesh sky-blue then whitish.
    19. [cinereo-violaceus, Fr. P. obtuse, violet then umber, squamulosely punctate; g. adnate, purple-umber; s. clavato-bulbous, firm, juiceless, reddish violet then pallid.
    20. albo-violaceus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. convex, silky, at length broadly gibbous, whitish violet; g. serrulate, greyish violet; s. 4-5 cm. clavate, whitish violet, with a median ring-like zone; sp. 12 × 5-6.
    21. malachius, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. pale lilac then brownish, tan when dry, white-fibrillose at first; g. crowded, pale purple then rusty; s. 7-10 cm. bulbous, bluish-peronate; sp. 10-12 × 6-7.
    22. camphoratus, Fr. Smell strong. P. 5-8 cm. obtuse, lilac, silky, then whitish or yellowish, flesh blue; g. clear blue then purplish; s. 7-12 cm. bulbous, juiceless, bluish from the cortina, inside the base white; sp. 9 × 6.
    23. hircinus, Fr. Smell strong, foetid. P. 4-5 cm. obtuse or gibbous, with adpr. silky violet fibrils then pale, disc glabrous becoming rusty; g. broad, violet then cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. bulbous, juiceless, violet then pallid, base yellowish inside; sp. ——.
    24. *** Gills and veil cinnamon, red or ochre.
    25. traganus, Fr. Smell strong, foetid. P. 5-7 cm. obtuse, lilac-fibrillose then pale; g. thick, crenate, at first saffron-ochre; s. 7-12 cm. bulbous, spongy, tinged violet, inside saffron; sp. 9-10 × 6.
    26. var. finitimus, Weinm. Smell not so foetid as in type; s. yellowish and mottled inside.
    27. tophaceus, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, tawny-ochre, villosely scaly, flesh white; g. emarginate, tawny cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. villoso-scaly, yellowish; sp. 10 × 5.
    28. Entirely ochraceous or yellow.
    30. var. redemitus, Fr. P. slender, at length broadly gibbous, golden-yellow, with darker adpressed fibrils; s. fibrillosely striate, base slightly thickened.
    31. suillus, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, brick-red then paler, margin silky then innately squamulose; g. adnate, broad, opaque, tan; s. 7-9 cm. clavate, spongy, adpressedly woolly below, middle fibrillose, apex silky, even, violet; sp. ——.
    32. Gills fragile, connected by veins at base.
    33. callisteus, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. convexo-plane, tawny-yellow, nearly glabrous, even, innately squamulose, flesh yellowish; g. adnate, floccosely connected behind; s. 7-11 cm. bulbous, tawny fibrillose; sp. ——.
    34. Bulliardi, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-7 cm. campan.-convex, subgibbous, even, or squamulose, rufescent; g. adnexed, broad, rusty-purplish; s. 4-6 cm. bulbous, short, firm, vermilion fibrillose below, apex whitish; sp. 8-10 × 6.
    35. vinosus, Cke. P. 5-7 cm. subgl. then exp. vinous red, smooth, even, shining; g. adnexed, ventricose, rusty tan; s. 5-8 cm. thickened abruptly into a reddish marginate bulb, pale violet above; sp. 16-18 × 8.
    36. [pavonius, Fr. P. convex, obtuse, broken up into broad vermilion scales; g. violet then cinnamon; s. solid, short, bulbous, with rufous fibrils.
    37. bolaris, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. obsoletely umb. reddish-yellow, variegated with saffron-red, innate, pilose adpressed scales, then pale; g. subdecur. crowded; s. 5-7 cm. stuffed then hollow, nearly equal, scaly, colour of p.; sp. 10 × 5.
    38. [craticus, Fr. P. fleshy, campan.-exp. obtusely umb. covered with reddish brick-coloured, innate interwoven fibrils; g. crowded; s. solid, narrowed upwards, glabrous, reddish below, becoming pale, base tomentose.
    39. **** Gills and veil dusky, fuscous, or olive.
    40. pholideus, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. obtusely umb. fawn, densely squamulose with blackish fascicles of hairs; g. violet then tan; s. 6-9 cm. with dusky squarrose squamules up to ring, apex even, violet; sp. 5 × 3-4.
    41. sublanatus, Fr. Smell resembling radishes. P. 6-9 cm. campan.-exp. umb. brownish tan, with innate pilose squamules; g. olive then yellowish; s. 6-7 cm. attenuated from a bulbous base, glabrous and pallid above, squamulose with fuscous down below; sp. 14-16 × 8-9.
    42. phrygianus, Fr. Smell like radishes. P. 5-7 cm. obtuse, honey colour, hispid with crowded simple black fibrils; g. dingy yellow; s. bulbous, with a lax reticulation of black fibrils; sp. ——.
    43. arenatus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex, gibbous at first, reddish tawny, granular with floccose squamules; g. yellowish tan; s. 6-7 cm. brownish squamulose above the middle, apex even, pallid; sp. 7 × 5.
    44. C. phrygianus differs in blackish squamules of p. and s. and strong smell of radishes. Both are often tinged olive when young.
    45. [melanotus, Kalchbr. P. convex, yellow, covered with minute, adpressed, blackish-olive scales, flesh olive-yellow; g. yellowish cinnamon; s. solid, narrowed upwards, yellowish, with small umber scales up to ring.
    46. penicillatus, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. convex, umb. rusty-brown, densely floccose with innate scales; g. dusky brown; s. 4-7 cm. slender, equal, with adpressed rusty-brown scales; sp. 8-9 × 5.
  4. IV. Dermocybe.
    Flesh of pileus thin, everywhere equal, at first downy or subinnately silky, but glabrous when adult, dry, not hygr.
    1. * Gills at first whitish or pallid.
    2. ochroleucus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. gibbous then obtuse, even, pallid white; g. crowded becoming ochre-tan; s. 4-7 cm. solid, firm, ventricose, white; sp. 8 × 4-5.
    3. decumbens, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. even, white then yellowish, shining; g. tan from first; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, clavato-bulbous, ascending, pallid; sp. ——.
    4. riculatus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. gibbous, yellowish, with adpressed silky bloom, becoming whitish, disc naked; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, pallid, base thickened.
    5. tabularis, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon plane, flocculose then almost glabrous, brownish tan then pale; g. emarginate; s. 5-7 cm. white, adpressedly fibrilloso-scaly then almost glabrous; sp. ——.
    6. [ochrophyllus, Fr. P. exp. dry, glabrous, brownish olive then pale; g. ochre then tan; s. solid, pallid, variegated with darker adpressed scales.
    7. camarus, Fr. Fragile. P. 5-7 cm. gibbous, hoary brown then pale; g. subadnate; s. 5-7 cm. partly hollow, equal, curved, inside and outside white, apex silvery shining; sp. 8-9 × 6-7.
    8. diabolicus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. obtuse then gibbous, fuscescent with a grey bloom, then glabrous and tawny yellow; g. subemarginately adnexed; s. 6-7 cm. glabrous, pallid, apex grey; sp. 10-12 × 7.
    9. ** Gills at first violet then purplish.
    10. caninus, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. nearly glabrous, rufous-brick-red, tawny when dry; g. broad, purple then cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. clavately bulbous, subperonate, pallid, apex violet; sp. 8 × 5-6.
    12. myrtillinus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. gibbous then flattened, sooty, hoary with white fibrils; g. rather distant, amethyst-blue then bluish tan; s. 4-5 cm. bulbous silky, not zoned, whitish; sp. 10 × 5.
    13. Apex of stem violet; no purple in g.
    14. azureus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. silky or atomate shining, hoary lilac; g. clear blue-violet; s. 4-7 cm. glabrous, slightly striate, base thickened, downy, whitish; sp. 9 × 6.
    15. albocyaneus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. hoary silky then glabrous, white then yellowish; g. broad, crowded, bluish purple then subochre; s. 6-9 cm. subclavate, naked, whitish; sp. 6-10 × 4-7.
    16. Differs from C. anomalus in clavate s. and flattened p.
    17. anomalus, Fr. P. 2.5-5 cm. obtuse then gibbous, sooty-rufous, hoary fibrillose then glabrous and tawny; g. crowded, bluish-purple then cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. thin, attenuated, fibrillose, somewhat scaly, violet then pallid; sp. 8-9 × 7.
    18. spilomeus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. gibbous, dry, fuscous then tan; g. crowded, narrow; s. 4-5 cm. whitish lilac variegated with tawny rufous scales; sp. ——.
    19. Differs from C. anomalus in scaly stem.
    20. lepidopus, Cke. P. 2-4 cm. exp. gibbous, umber with a tinge of violet at edge, becoming rufescent; g. adnate, violet then cinnamon; s. 6-9 cm. narrowed upwards, rather wavy, whitish or tinged lilac, with concentric darker zones; sp. 9 × 6.
    21. [Lebretonii, Q. P. lilac then fawn; s. lilac, dotted with saffron flecks.
    22. *** Gills shining cinnamon, red, or yellow. Stem and fibrillose cortina coloured.
    23. miltinus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, bay-cinnamon, soon very glabrous and shining; g. adnate, narrow, crowded, rusty; s. 5-7 cm. equally narrowed upwards, cinnamon, reddish-fibrillose; sp. 6 × 4.
    24. cinnabarinus, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. Every part crimson-lake. P. 2-5 cm. obtuse, silky then almost glabrous, shining; g. adnate, broad, rather distant, darker; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose; sp. 8 × 5.
    25. Differs from C. sanguineus in stuffed s., radishy smell, and broad gills with an olive tinge.
    26. sanguineus, Fr. Entirely blood-red. P. 2-5 cm. obtuse, innately silky or squamulose; g. crowded, broadish; s. 3-5 cm. stuffed then hollow, thin, equal; sp. 6-7 × 4.
    27. anthracinus, Fr. P. 1.5-3 cm. convex exp. umb. somewhat chestnut; g. adnate, crowded, scarlet, blood-red when bruised; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillose, deep blood-red; sp. 7 × 5.
    28. cinnamomeus, Fr. P. 2.5-5 cm. obtuse, umb. somewhat cinnamon with yellowish innate fibrils; g. adnate, broad, crowded, shining, yellowish; s. 4-9 cm. equal, with flesh and veil yellowish; sp. 7-8 × 4-5.
    30. var. croceus, Fr. Smaller. P. subsquamulose, sometimes tinged olive; g. less crowded, yellowish and sometimes olive, as is also the s.
    31. var. semisanguineus, Fr. G. blood-red or orange-red.
    32. uliginosus, B. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. then exp. strongly umb. bright red-brown or brick-red, flesh olive-yellow; g. adnate, yellow, olive, tan; s. 4-9 cm. flexuous, paler than p.; sp. 7 × 4-5.
    33. croceoconus, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. conico-campan. persistently acute, tawny cinnamon; g. linear, crowded; s. 4-7 cm. slender, flexuous, hollow; sp. ——.
    34. orellanus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. obtusely umb. villosely squamulose or fibrillose orange-tawny, flesh reddish; g. adfixed, broad; s. 3-5 cm. solid, fibrillosely striate, tawny; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
    35. Differs from C. cinnamomeus in solid stem and reddish flesh.
    36. malicorius, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. obtuse, velvety-fibrillose, tawny-golden, flesh splitting, yellow then olive-green; g. crowded, tawny orange, edge becoming flocculose; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, fibrillose, golden; sp. ——.
    37. Differs from C. cinnamomeus in persistently hollow s. golden then olive-brown; flesh yellow then greenish- or golden-olive.
    38. infucatus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, obtuse, bright yellow; g. adnate, crowded, tawny then cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. narrowed from clavate base, fibrillose, whitish or yellowish; sp. 10 × 5.
    39. [fucatophyllus, Lasch. P. acutely umb. fibrillosely scaly, brownish; g. broad, yellow with crimson spots, denticulate; s. fibrillose, yellowish, veil reddish.
    40. colymbadinus, Fr. P. subgibbous, with seceding yellow fibrils, yellowish; flesh splitting, yellowish; g. rather distant, broad, thick, rusty, edge white-floccose; s. equal, fibrillosely striate, naked, pallid.
    41. **** Becoming olivaceous. Veil dingy, pallid or tinged fuscous. Pileus not broken up into scales.
    42. cotoneus, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. olivaceous, campan. exp. bullate, wavy, innately velvety; g. olive then brownish tan; s. 5-8 cm. solid, base thickened, pale olive, veil forming a fuscous zone; sp. 10-11 × 8.
    43. subnotatus, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. campan. then exp. olive then fuscous, at first clothed with superficial hoary squamules, soon glabrous; g. yellowish then olive tan; s. 6-9 cm. conical, squamulose with yellowish fragments of veil, apex glabrous, shining; sp. 10 × 5.
    44. valgus, Fr. Fragile. P. 5-7 cm. convex, subgibbous, almost glabrous, olive then brick-red, edge submembranaceous; g. dingy yellow red then brick-red; s. 7-12 cm. twisted, naked, pallid, shining, apex striate, tinged violet, bulb with white down, rooting; sp. ——.
    45. raphanoides, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. P. 2-5 cm. campan. then exp. gibbous, silky with innate fibrils, olive then tawny; g. olive then cinnamon; s. 5-7 cm. firm, fibrillose, paler; sp. 8 × 5.
    46. [depexus, Fr. P. thin, convex then plane, brick-red becoming pale; g. adnate, yellowish then cinnamon, opaque; s. equal, fibrillosely striate, pallid.
    47. venetus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, convex then exp. silky-villose, olive then yellowish, opaque; g. broad, veined, yellowish-olive then olive-cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. fibrilloso-striate, with the veil colour of p.; sp. 10 × 5.
    48. P. obtusely umb. sea-green or clear yellow-green as is the flesh.
    49. [olivascens, Karst. P. thin, edge submembr. firm, equal, convex then plane, even, glabrous, olive; s. pallid, fibrillose, ring fugacious; g. adnexed, very broad tawny rusty; sp. 7-10 × 3-4.
  5. V. Telamonia.
    Pileus hygr. at first glabrous or with whitish superficial fibrils. Flesh entirely thin or the margin abruptly so, splitting. Universal veil peronate or forming a ring low on the stem; apex somewhat cortinate, hence the veil is somewhat duplex.
    1. * Platyphilli. Gills very broad, thickish, more or less distant. Stem spongy or entirely fibrous.
      1. + Stem and veil white or whitish.
      2. macropus, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. convex, incurved, then exp. hoary with minute squamules, brick-red then rusty; g. distant, very broad; s. 7-14 cm. equal, fibrillose, whitish, ring distant; sp. 8 × 5.
      3. [testaceo-canescens, F. P. convex, brick-red, with greyish squamules; g. emarginato-adnate; s. rigid, equal, silky-shining.
      4. laniger, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. woolly with white superficial scales, then glabrous and bright or dusky tawny; g. saffron-tawny; s. white, peronate up to distinct ring, veil shining white; sp. ——.
      5. bivelus, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. convexo-exp. glabrous, tawny brick-red; g. adnate, bright tawny cinnamon; s. 6-7 cm. subbulbous, dingy white, peronate, ring spurious, fugacious; sp. 10 × 5-6.
      6. bulbosus, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, bay (dusky brick-red) disc subgibbous; g. adnate, opaque; s. 5-7 cm. stout, bulbous, pallid, peronate with white veil up to ring; sp. 8 × 3-4.
      7. urbicus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, glabrous, silvery white; g. emarginate, broad; s. 4-5 cm. equal, peronate, white and downy above ring; sp. ——.
      8. licinipes, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp. umb. glabrous, yellowish red; g. adnate, very broad; s. 8-12 cm. pallid floccose with white scales; sp. ——.
      10. microcyclus, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, plano-convex, fuscous brick-red then pale; g. adnate, very broad, lilac then cinnamon; s. 3-5 cm. narrowed from base, pallid, white annular zone evident; sp. ——.
      11. Differs from C. decipiens in somewhat bulbous stem and white annular zone.
      12. ++ Stem and gills violet. Cortina usually white with a violet tinge, but universal veil white.
      13. torvus, Fr. P. 5-12 cm. convex-exp. obtuse, bay or tinged violet at first then brick-red, hoary with fibrillose squamules then almost glabrous; g. thick, distant, very broad, purplish umber then cinnamon; s. 7-12 cm. bulbous then elongated and equal, vaginate with the white persistent veil, apex violet cortinate; sp. 12 × 7-8. Flesh usually bored by larvae.
      14. impennis, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. fleshy, convex, obtuse, rigid, glabrous, somewhat brick-red then pale; g. thick, distant, violet, purplish, then cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. rather bulbous, pallid, imperfect ring and apex violet, whitish cortinate, solid; sp. 10-11 × 7.
      15. lucorum, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. even bay brick-red when moist; g. emarginate, cinnamon with a fugacious tinge of flesh-colour violet; s. 4-5 cm. clavate, very fibrillose, one colour, becoming pale; sp. 10 × 5.
      16. plumiger, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. conico-campan. gibbous, brownish-olive, densely covered with white feathery flecks; g. crowded, broad, edge entire, coloured like rest; s. 6-9 cm. clavato-bulbous, floccose, pale; sp. 10 × 5.
      17. scutulatus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. ovate, exp. obtuse, purplish umber (brick-red) silky white round edge at first, then broken up into squamules; g. adnate, violet purple; s. 6-9 cm. solid, rigid, rather bulbous, outside and inside dusky violet, peronate and more or less ringed white; sp. 7 × 3.
      18. evernius, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. conico-campan. exp. glabrous, purplish bay (brick-red and hoary) at length torn into fibrils; g. adnate, very broad, violet purple; s. 7-14 cm. cylindrical, soft, violet, obsoletely ringed from the veil; sp. 10 × 7.
      19. quadricolor, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. conical then exp. whitish yellow (becoming tawny) edge radiato-striate; g. adnate, broad, serrate, purplish then cinnamon; s. 6-7 cm. stuffed then hollow, equal, thin, whitish violet, veil forming an oblique white zone; sp. 10-11 × 6-7.
      20. +++ Stem and veil reddish or yellowish. Gills tawny or cinnamon, not violet nor becoming brown.
      21. armillatus, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. campan. exp. soon innately fibrillose and torn into squamules, reddish brick-colour; g. very broad, distant; s. 8-12 cm. solid, bulbous, rufescent, with two or three red zones; sp. 10 × 6.
      22. Differs from C. hematochelis in distant gills, and more than one red zone on stem.
      23. haematochelis, Bull. P. 6-9 cm. gibbous, silky fibrillose, brownish brick-red (pallid); g. adnate, crowded, rather narrow; s. 8-11 cm. solid, narrowed upwards, with one red zone; sp. 10 × 7-8.
      24. [paragaudis, Fr. P. campan. exp. umb. bay (tawny tan); g. adnexed, ventricose; s. elongated, twisted, pale red, peronate with adpressed fibrillose reddish squamules.
      25. var. praestigiosus, Fr. P. thin, striate, silky-fibrous towards edge; s. hollow, equal, slender; g. thin, distant, tawny cinnamon.
      26. croceofulvus, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. umb. even, tawny orange; g. adnate, rusty; s. 6-9 cm. solid, equal, reddish-yellow, with a narrow orange zone; sp. 8-10 × 6. Flesh yellow.
      27. limonius, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convexo-plane, obtuse, glabrous, tawny (yellowish ochre), at length squamulose; g. rather distant, yellow then tawny cinnamon; s. 6-7 cm. solid, firm, floccosely squamulose, colour of p.; sp. ——.
      28. Base of s. becoming deep saffron.
      29. [arenarius, Q. P. pruinose, ochraceous-fawn; g. pale fuscescent; s. rooting, fibrillosely floccose, sulphur.
      30. helvolus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. incurved then exp. glabrous, hygr. tawny-rusty then cracked umbo obtuse, vanishing; g. very broad, thick; s. 10-18 cm. attenuated, veil silky, almost smooth, peronate, terminated by a rusty edged annular zone; sp. 6 × 5.
      31. hinnuleus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, conico-campan. exp. subumb. glabrous, pallid tawny-cinnamon (somewhat tawny); g. distant, broad, quite entire, tawny cinnamon; s. 6-9 cm. rigid, somewhat tawny, narrowed below, white silky veil almost smooth forming a pallid zone at apex; sp. 10-12 × 7-8.
      32. gentilis, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5, conico-exp. acutely umb. even, glabrous then cracked, tawny cinnamon (yellow); g. adnate, thick, very distant, entire, edge coloured like rest; s. 6-9 cm. slender, equal, scaly, tawny cinnamon, scales and oblique ring, yellow; sp. 7-8 × 6.
      33. helvelloides, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5, thin, subconvex, obsoletely umb. rusty (tawny then pale), then cracked; g. adnate, violet-umber then cinnamon, edge floccose, white; s. 4-7 cm. slender, undulate, silky fibrillose, with the imperfect ring and veil yellowish; sp. 7 × 5.
      34. rubellus, Cke. P. 4-7 cm. campan. then exp. rufous orange umbo darkest, flesh reddish-ochre; g. adnate, sinuate, bright rusty-red; s. 6-9 cm. pale above, dark below, with darker concentric bands; sp. 8 × 5.
      36. ++++ Stem fuscescent, veil fuscous or dingy, gills dusky. [Species of Inoloma and Dermocybe are often peronately ringed, but the pileus is not hygr. and scaly or silky at first.]
      37. bovinus, Fr. P. 6-11 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous, watery cinnamon (somewhat tawny); g. very broad; s. 6-7 cm. stout, spongily bulbous, greyish then fuscous-cinnamon, whitish above fuscous zone; sp. ——.
      38. nitrosus, Cke. Stinking. P. 4-7 cm. obtuse, exp. edge wavy, fawn or tawny, disc darker, soon breaking up into darker, minute concentric scales; g. violet then dilute cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. equal, ochre, base darker, with dark concentric squamules; sp. 12 × 4.
      39. brunneus, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. campan. exp. umber (reddish tan dingy), naked, broken up into innate fibrils near edge, umbo fleshy, obtuse; g. adnate, thick, distant, purplish then umber-cinnamon; s. 7-9 cm. narrowed upwards, elastic, fuscescent, white-striate, veil forming a brownish white zone; sp. 10-12 × 6.
      40. [disjungendus, Karst. P. convex, gibbous, even, glabrous, tawny umber, white-striate; g. adnate at first, distant; s. solid, equal, base thickened and radiating, dingy, curved; sp. 10-17 × 5-6.
      41. injucundus, Weinm. P. 6-9 cm. compact, convexo-plane, obtuse, fuscous-cinnamon, fibrillose; g. very broad, lilac then tan; s. 6-9 cm. solid, clavate, colour of p. then tawny-yellow, fibrils and veil fuscous; sp. 10 × 5.
      42. brunneofulvus, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. thin, campan. exp. subumb. even, innately fibrillose, virgate, tawny cinnamon, edge at first white-fibrillose; g. adnate, very broad, opaque; s. 6-9 cm. narrowed from base, fibrillosely striate, fuscescent, at length pale tawny outside and inside; sp. ——.
      43. glandicolor, Fr. Entirely umber. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. umb. hoary-fuscous when dry; g. adnate, broad, distant, entire; s. 7-11 cm. equal, slender, straight, veil forming a distant white zone; sp. ——.
      44. var. curta, Fr. S. 2-3 cm. long, wavy, peronate with white veil, cingulate, umbo blackish.
      45. punctatus, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, conico-convex, glabrous, hoary-umber (tan), at length even; g. adnate, very distant, entire, brownish-cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. slender, undulate, fibrillosely striate, brownish-yellow, a zone formed by the fugacious pale fuscous veil; sp. 7 × 4.
    2. (Colour when dry given in brackets.)
      1. + Stem whitish or pallid, floccosely scaly.
      2. triformis, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. convexo-plane, subumb. hygr. opaque, almost glabrous, yellow-brown; g. subadnate; s. 6-7 cm. clavate, almost glabrous, pallid, ring white; sp. 10 × 6.
      3. var. melleopallens, Fr. P. dingy honey-colour; s. yellowish then pallid, becoming hollow, ring interwoven.
      4. var. fuscopallens, Fr. P. umb. fuscescent then pallid; g. narrow, watery white.
      5. biformis, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. conico-campan. exp. glabrous, shining, rusty bay, umbo fleshy, prominent; g. adnate, crenulate; s. 5-9 cm. base narrowed, fibrillosely striate, pale, ring oblique, white; sp. ——.
      6. [fallax, Q. P. thin, becoming pallid; g. pallid then ochre; s. wavy, slender, pallid, apex blue, ring white, fugacious.
      7. [Lindgrenii, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, rusty (ochre-tan), then wavy; g. crowded, watery cinnamon; s. short, adpressedly silky, whitish, ring subapical, reflexed.
      8. ++ Stem violet.
      9. periscelis, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. campan. then convex, lilac, white-silky, umbo fleshy, rest very thin; g. adnate, crowded, narrow; s. 7-9 cm. fibrillose, colour of p. interwoven brownish veil subannulate; sp. 7-8 × 4-5.
      10. Usually several imperfect brownish rings on s.
      11. [bibulus, Q. Greyish-lilac; p. ellipsoid, moist, fibrillosely silky; g. dusky violet; s. slender, covered with curled white flecks.
      12. flexipes, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conical then exp. acutely umb. violet then brownish cinnamon (reddish tan) fibrillosely hoary; g. adnate, broad, umber-violet then tan; s. 7-9 cm. wavy, subundulate, fibrillosely scaly, apex violet, veil white, subannulate; sp. ——.
      13. flabellus, Fr. Smell strong, like radishes. P. 2-3 cm. conical, exp. obtusely umb. fuscous-olive (tan) hoary fibrillose; g. adnate, connected by veins, linear, olive then rusty; s. 6-9 cm. wavy, floccosely scaly pallid, scales and ring white; sp. ——.
      14. +++ Stem and pileus tawny or rusty.
      15. psammocephalus, Fr. Every part tawny cinnamon, inside also; p. 2-3 cm. convexo-exp. then umb. scurfily-scaly; g. adnate, arcuate, crowded; s. 3-4 cm. narrowed, squamulosely peronate from the contiguous veil; sp. 6 × 4.
      16. incisus, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conico-convex, exp. umb. naked but soon innately fibrillosely scaly, hygr. rusty (tawny); g. adnate; s. 2-3 cm. equal, fibroso-fibrillose, rusty, ring of white veil almost obsolete; sp. 5 × 3.
      17. iliopodius, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, subumb. silkily hoary then almost glabrous, reddish yellow (tan), at length rimose; g. adnate; s. 6-9 cm. equal, thin tawny (inside and outside), peronate with even pallid veil, naked and fibrillose above ring; sp. 7-8 × 4.
      18. ++++ Stem floccosely scaly, and like pileus fuscescent.
      19. hemitrichus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex then plane, umb. fuscous (fuscous tan), silky towards the margin with white curled fibrils; g. adnate, crowded; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, subequal, pale fuscous, veil white, floccose, as also is ring; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
      20. stemmatus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex, exp. obtuse, bay, hoary-silky near the edge, fibrillose and pale when dry; g. adnate, crowded, bay; s. 5-7 cm. floccosely scaly, subannulate, rusty-bay; sp. ——.
      21. Differs from C. uraceus in squamulose s.
      22. rigidus, Fr. Strong scented. P. 1-3 cm. conico-convex, umb. glabrous, shining, bay (reddish); g. adnate, broad; s. 5-9 cm. equal, wavy, paler than p., veil white-squamulose, cingulate; sp. ——.
      23. paleaceus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conico-exp. umb. rather fuscous (tan), silky with white downy squamules; g. adnate, truly crowded, whitish then tan; s. 5-7 cm. wavy, undulate, whitish-squamulose, apex with whitish ring; sp. 7-8 × 3.
      24. iris, Massee. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. then exp. acutely umb. pale brown-ochre, silky, white-fibrillose; g. much cut out behind, orange-brown, edge entire; s. 5-7 cm. conical, solid, orange-brown and squamulose below ring, smooth and violet at first above ring; sp. 10 × 5.
    3. ** Leptophylli. Gills narrow, thin, more or less crowded. Pileus thin. Stem somewhat cartilaginous and rigid outside, stuffed or hollow, often narrowed below.
  6. VI. Hydrocybe.
    Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white fibrils, not viscid but moist when growing, discoloured when dry; flesh very thin, splitting, disc rarely compact. Stem rather rigid, not peronate; veil thin, fibrillose, rarely collapsing and forming an irreg. zone.
    1. * Firmiores. Pileus rather fleshy, convex then campan.-convex, expanded, obtuse or at length gibbous, edge at first incurved. Stem generally narrowed upwards.
      1. + Stem and veil white.
      2. firmus, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, rusty ochre, flesh compact, white; g. crowded; s. 6-8 cm. solid, stout, rather bulbous, white, veil rusty; sp. ——.
      3. Differs from C. subferrugineus by clear colour of p. and white s.
      5. subferrugineus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. yellowish brick-red becoming rusty, subhygr.; g. scarcely crowded, broad, opaque, rusty; s. 6-8 cm. solid, spongy, rigid outside, subbulbous, white then dingy; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.
      6. armeniacus, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, tawny cinnamon (yellowish tan), shining; g. adnate, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. conical, rigid, subperonate, white; sp. 8-9 × 5.
      7. var. falsarius, Fr. P. yellow, white when dry.
      8. [umbilicatus, Karst. P. convexo-plane, minutely umbil. undulate, obtuse, even, glabrous, brown-bay; g. very broad, cinnamon; s. equal, base thickened, whitish; sp. 6-6.5 × 4-4.5.
      9. damascenus, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. thin, exp. bay-cinnamon (brick-red, rivulose); g. adnate, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. solid, firm, cylindrical, whitish; 12 × 6.
      10. privignus, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, pallid fuscous, silvery-hoary (tan then pallid); g. adnate, serrate; s. 6-7 cm. fragile, silvery white; sp. 8 × 5.
      11. duracinus, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. rigid, exp. gibbous, watery brick-red (tan, opaque), edge strongly incurved, silky; g. adnate, thin; s. 3-5 cm. rigid, unequal, rooting, glabrous, white; sp. 5 × 3.
      12. [candelaris, Fr. P. conico-campan. obtuse, glabrous, reddish dun (tawny, shining) edge slightly incurved white-silky; g. adnato-decur.; s. rigid, yellowish white, rooting.
      13. illuminus, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. gibbous, glabrous, tawny brick-red (brick-red, tan) edge thin; g. adnate; s. 5-9 cm. partly hollow, pallid becoming rusty; sp. 11-12 × 6-7.
      14. tortuosus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. glabrous, even, shining, rusty bay (brick-red); g. adnate, tawny blood-red or purplish when touched; s. somewhat twisted, silvery; sp. 15-16 × 8.
      15. dilutus, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, even, opaque, reddish dun (tan); g. broad, crowded; s. 4-7 cm. soft, pallid, base thickened; sp. 6 × 4.
      16. [erugatus, Weinm. P. exp. subumb. even, nearly glabrous, shining, ochraceous, brick-red; g. subadnate, crowded; s. elongated, thinner upwards, fibrillosely striate, pallid.
      17. [Hoeftii, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, watery brick-red (tan, opaque), with a silky bloom; g. adnate, crowded, connected by veins; s. subfistulose, equal, silvery.
      18. ++ Stem and gills usually violet. In certain sp. of preceding section there is an ephemeral tinge of violet at apex of stem.
      19. [livor, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, dusky olive then tan; g. emarginate, crowded, broad, semicircular, watery cinnamon; s. narrowed from subbulbous base, short, violet; sp. ——.
      20. saturninus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, moist, dusky bay (brick-red), with white silky veil round edge; g. adnexed, crowded, purplish then rusty; s. 4-7 cm. violet, base thickened; sp. ——.
      21. imbutus, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convex, obtuse, glabrous, gilvous becoming pale, edge subfibrillose; g. adnate, rather distant, broad, greyish-violet then cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. whitish, apex violet; sp. 7-8 × 4-5.
      22. [cypriacus, Fr. P. almost membranaceous, campan. exp. gibbous, glabrous, cinnamon (tawny); g. crowded; s. colour of p., striate with adpr. fibrils.
      23. [plumbosus, Fr. P. convex, plane, umb. moist, blackish lead-colour, then paler and with satiny sheen near edge; g. olive-violet then cinnamon; s. hollow, attenuated upwards, violet then pallid.
      24. [sciophyllus, Fr. P. thin, convex, exp. deep bluish fuscous (bluish), silky-white round edge at first; g. adnate, dusky umber; s. solid, violet, narrowed from thickened base.
      25. castaneus, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. campan. exp. gibbous, even, chestnut (shining); g. violet then rusty; s. 2-3 cm. cartilaginous, violet or pallid reddish, stuffed then hollow; sp. ——.
      26. bicolor, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. campan. exp. umb. dingy white or tinged lilac; g. adnate, purplish violet then tan; s. 4-5 cm. pale violet then pale, solid; sp. 12-14 × 6-7.
      27. balaustinus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, virgate, rusty rufous (tawny brick-red, shining); g. adnate, broad rusty rufous; s. 5-7 cm. conical, pallid, then rusty outside and in; sp. 8 × 4-5.
      28. colus, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convex, subgibbous, glabrous, rufous brown (paler and shining); g. adnate, dusky cinnamon; s. 7-9 cm. fibrillosely striate with fiery-saffron mycelium; sp. 9 × 4.
      29. isabellinus, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. subumb. honey-colour, glabrous (yellowish and shining); g. adnate, yellow then tan; s. 7-9 cm. rigid, striate, yellowish; sp. 10 × 5.
      30. renidens, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. even, glabrous, shining, tawny (ochre); g. crowded, tawny; s. 2-4 cm. equal and with fibrous veil, yellow; sp. 8-10 × 5.
      31. angulosus, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. wavy, hygr. reddish tawny (ochre, opaque); g. adnate, thickish, distant, tawny; s. 3-4 cm. equal, twisted, rather tawny; sp. ——.
      32. var. gracilescens, Fr. S. hollow, slender, tortuous, base rather narrowed.
      33. [zinziberatus, Fr. P. exp. umb. tawny honey-colour (yellowish), edge silky-fibrillose; g. adnate, quite entire, crisped; s. outside and base also inside, yellowish.
      34. +++ Stem fuscescent, veil pallid-dingy or white (not yellow); gills dusky.
      35. uraceus, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. campan.-convex, subgibbous, even, glabrous, umber (tan, torn into fibres); g. adnate, bay brown; s. 5-9 cm. blackish fuscous, apex becoming olive; sp. 8-9 × 4.
      37. jubarinus, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. campan. exp. glabrous, bright tawny cinnamon (shining); g. adnate, tawny cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, tawny, veil fugacious, white; sp. 10 × 5.
      38. Closely resembling C. cinnamomeus, differing in white fibrillose fugacious veil.
      39. [rubricosus, Fr. P. exp. umb. brownish bay (brick-red, shining); g. obtusely adnate, bright rusty; s. narrowed downwards, brownish, white veil collapsing and forming a silky zone.
      40. [nitens, Karst. P. exp. umb. white-silky from veil then glabrous and shining, brownish bay; g. tawny cinnamon; s. subequal, fuscous, white veil forming oblique bands; sp. 6 × 3.5.
      41. [irregularis, Fr. P. exp. umb. wavy, fuscous brown (tawny rusty, shining); g. decur. closely crowded, rusty; s. naked, brick-red with white striae.
      42. pateriformis, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, orbicular, chestnut brown with white deciduous fibrils; g. brick-red; s. hollow, equal, tinged fuscous; sp. ——.
      43. [phaeophyllus, Karst. P. convex exp. umb. entirely even, edge silky, glabrous, watery cinnamon, ochre and shining when dry; g. adnate, brown-tan, edge honey-colour; s. equal, usually wavy, silky-fibrillose, pallid-white; sp. 7-9 × 4-5.
      44. unimodus, Britz. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then exp. usually depr. round umbo, shining, rufous brown; g. adnexed, brown; s. 4-7 cm. fibrous, brown below; sp. 10-12 × 6.
    2. (Colour when dry given in brackets.)
      1. + Stem white.
      2. dolabratus, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. campan. exp. obtuse, glabrous, brick-red (even and tan), silky near the edge; g. adnate, very broad, distant, tan; s. 8-14 cm. stout, cylindrical, shining white; sp. 12-14 × 7-8.
      3. Smell very disagreeable.
      4. rigens, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. conical then convex, obtuse, glabrous, opaque, tan (whitish tan); g. adnato-subdecur.; s. 4-9 cm. cartilaginous, rigid, rooting, white; sp. 6-7 × 4.
      5. [fulvescens, Fr. P. exp. shining, cinnamon (brick-red), at length fibrillose, umbo persistent rather acute; g. adnate; s. attenuated, soft, rather wavy, becoming pale.
      6. Krombholzii, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. conico-campan. then gibbous, even, glabrous, tan, edge append.; g. nearly free, broad, rusty edge yellowish; s. 6-11 cm. equal, naked, white; sp. 8 × 4-5.
      7. Reedii, Berk. P. 2-3 cm. conical then exp. and strongly umb. shining, persistently brown; g. free; s. 2-3 cm. equal, rather bulbous, white, solid; sp. 7-8 × 4.
      9. leucopus, Bull. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conical then exp. and umb. even, glabrous, yellowish red (clay-colour, shining); g. subadnexed, crowded; s. 2-3 cm. equal, shining white; sp. 6 × 3-4.
      10. Differs from C. pluvius in not being viscid.
      11. scandens, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical, exp. tawny rusty to watery honey-colour (clay-colour), umbo fleshy, edge striate; g. adnate, tawny cinnamon, edge same colour; s. 5-8 cm. wavy, even, apex thickened, base attenuated, whitish; sp. 10 × 5.
      12. ++ Stem somewhat violet or reddish.
      13. erythrinus, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. conical, exp. rufous bay, prominent umbo darker; g. adnexed; s. 3-5 cm. equal, somewhat curved, violet above; sp. ——.
      14. var. argyropus. Slenderer than type; stem silvery, apex mealy.
      15. decipiens, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical, glabrous, shining, fuscous-bay, depr. round darker umbo (brick-red); g. adnate; s. equal, slender, with a pale separable cuticle; sp. 8 × 5.
      16. S. usually without any violet, pale red inside.
      17. var. insignis, Fr. P. paler; s. flexuous, glabrous.
      18. germanus, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1-2 cm. conico-exp. obtusely umb. rather silky, fragile, fuscescent (clay-colour); g. adnate, broad; s. thin, equal, glabrous, lilac then pallid; sp. ——.
      19. ianthipes, Secr. P. conical then exp. umb. fibrillose, shining, brown, edge yellowish; g. white then greyish olive; s. shining, violet, rufous below.
      20. +++ Stem yellowish, usually becoming pale.
      21. detonsus, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. conical, exp. subumb. glabrous, brick-red or yellowish (tan and silky); g. adnate, yellowish then brick-red, quite entire; s. 4-7 cm. glabrous, tinged yellow then pallid; sp. 6 × 4.
      22. saniosus, Fr. P. conical then convex and umb. not striate, glabrous, tawny fuscous (tawny, shining), edge fibrillosely torn; g. adnate, quite entire; s. curved, yellowish, veil fibrillose, yellow.
      23. obtusus, Fr. P. 1-3 cm. conico-campan. striate to middle, shining, reddish yellow (ochre then pallid, opaque, fibrillosely torn); g. adnato-ventricose, edge white-fimbriate; s. hollow, soft, ventricose, becoming pale, 4-9 cm.; sp. 9 × 5.
      24. acutus, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. conical, acutely umb. entirely striate, yellowish red (clay-colour, silky then even); g. adnate, ochre, entire; s. 6-8 cm. equal, slender, wavy, pale; sp. 6 × 4.
      25. ++++ Stem becoming fuscescent.
      26. Junghuhnii, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical, exp. papillate, persistently minutely velvety with thin innate white fibrils, shining cinnamon (somewhat tawny); g. adnate, orange brick-red; s. 4-7 cm. shining, adpressedly fuscous-fibrillose; sp. 8 × 5-6.
      28. depressus, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. conico-convex, umb. glabrous, at first superficially silky near striate edge, fuscous then rusty; g. adnate, saffron then yellowish; s. hollow, reddish, base fuscous, white-silky; sp. ——.
      29. milvinus, Fr. Strong scented. P. conico-exp. subumb. striate to disc, somewhat olive (tan then pallid), edge crowned with white innate squamules; g. adnate, rusty olive, base veined; s. 4-5 cm. equal, curved, fuscous then pallid, spotted with the white silky veil; sp. 8-10 × 4.
      30. fasciatus, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conico-exp. glabrous, fuscescent (brick-red then pallid and silky) umbo acute, blackish; g. adnate, distant; s. 4-9 cm. rather wavy, glabrous, fibrously splitting, pallid fuscous; sp. 8 × 5.
      31. Differs from C. acutus in very distant g.
    3. ** Tenuiores. Pileus submembranaceous, conical then exp. umbo acute, rarely obtuse or nearly obsolete, edge at first straight.

CREPIDOTUS, Fr.

palmatus, Bull. P. 4-9 cm. compact, convex then exp. irreg. glabrous, pelliculose, rusty; g. fixed to a collar, colour of p.; s. excentric or lateral, incurved, glabrous, whitish; sp. subg. 10.

Differs from Pleurotus subpalmatus in rusty sp.