TUBARIA, W. G. Sm.

  1. I. Genuini. Spores rusty.
  2. cupularis, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, even, glabrous, rufescent then yellowish, hygr.; g. decur. crowded, tawny; s. 4-7 cm. fistulose, naked, narrowed upwards, whitish; sp. 6 × 3.
  3. furfuracea, Pers. P. 1.5-5 cm. convex then plane and at length umbil. yellowish-cinnamon, hygr. hoary with the silky-squamulose veil, especially near edge; g. adnato-decur. rather distant, cinnamon; s. 2-5 cm. fistulose, flocculose, rigid, pallid; sp. 10 × 6.
  4. var. heterosticha, Fr. P. subumb. depr. cinnamon, ochre then pallid when dry; s. almost naked.
  5. var. trigonophylla, Fr. Small, becoming pale; g. very broad, triangular, more distant, ochre with a tawny tinge.
  6. anthrocophila, Karst. P. convex, exp. wavy, dry, rusty-cinnamon pale when dry, with concentric white deciduous flecks near edge; g. adnate, dentate; s. wavy, often compr. pallid rusty, white-fibrillose; sp. 6-7.5 × 3-5.
  7. Close to T. furfuracea.
  8. paludosa, Fr. 0.5-1.5 cm. P. conic then convex, umb. not striate, yellowish fuscous, with silky pallid superficial flecks; g. decur. very broad behind, crowded, watery ochre; s. 6-9 cm. slender, elongated, flexuous, floccose, ochre or pale citrin; sp. 10 × 4.
  9. stagnina, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. conical then convex, obtuse, rather viscid and striate when moist, rusty bay, even and pale ochre when dry, with white concentric floccose scales near edge; g. decur. very broad, ochre then rusty; s. 7-15 cm. reddish bay; sp. 10 × 5.
  10. P. sometimes depr. and umbil.
  11. [vestita, Q. P. 1-2 cm. thin, campan. creamy ochre, edge with a white dentate fringe formed by the torn ring; g. yellow, then fawn with a cream edge; s. fistulose, slender, mealy, creamy white; ring membranous, thin, white, caducous; sp. 10 long.
  12. pellucida, Bull. P. 1-2 cm. conical then campan. umb. cinnamon, hygr. silky-squamulose near the striate edge; g. subdecur. very broad behind, triangular, paler than p.; s. 3-5 cm. narrowed upwards, shining, pale, apex mealy; sp. ——.
  14. muscorum, Pers. P. 0.5-1 cm. convex, centre becoming depr. striate, glabrous, yellow-fuscous; g. subdecur. paler; s. short, base thickened, colour of p.; sp. 6-8 × 4.
  15. embola, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. campan. then convex, obtuse, lineato-striate, glabrous, yellowish tawny, hygr.; g. very broad behind, triangular, thick, distant; s. 3-5 cm. thickened upwards, glabrous, shining yellow when dry; sp. 10 × 4-6.
  16. Differs from Omph. umbellifera in glabrous finely striate p. and s. thickened upwards.
  17. [viscidula, Karst. P. campan. striate, viscid, somewhat ochre; g. adnate, distant, white then rusty; s. equal, rusty, paler upwards, white-flocculose; sp. 6-7 × 3-6.
  18. autochthona, B. and Br. P. 0.5-1 cm. hemispher. obtuse, pale ochre, silky, edge flocculose; g. adnate with decur. tooth, honey-colour; s. 2-3 cm. wavy or curved, thickened above and below, base woolly; sp. 8 × 4.
  19. Differs from T. furfuracea in the p. not becoming pale, and sp. paler.
  20. II. Phaeoti. Spores fuscous-rusty.
  21. crobula, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex then plane, obtuse, not striate, rather viscid, covered with deciduous floccose subsquarrose scales, then naked, greyish tan; g. subdecur. crowded; s. 2-3.5 cm. tough, fuscous, densely covered with white floccose scales; sp. 10 × 6.
  22. Almost a large-sized T. inquilina with the veil of A. furfuracea, but evidently annulate.
  23. inquilina, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex then plane, glabrous, rather viscid, striate when moist, hygr. tawny or hoary-tan; g. subdecur. rather distant, triangular, tan then brownish umber; s. 2-3 cm. tough, bay, white-fibrillose; sp. 8 × 4.
  24. Close to T. crobula, differs in glabrous p., striate when moist, and nearly glabrous s.
  25. var. ecbola, Fr. P. tan; s. rooting; g. crowded, rusty.
  26. [caricicola, P. Henn. P. thin, convex, depr. centre brownish, even, glabrous, yellowish-brown, silky when dry; g. shortly decur. rusty; s. slender, curved, brown, base darker; sp. 8-10 × 3.5-4.5.

FLAMMULA, Fr.

  1. I. Gymnoti. Veil absent; pileus dry, often squamulose.
  2. gymnopodia, Bull. Rusty brown. P. 4-7 cm. fleshy, campan.-convex, squamulose; g. deeply decur. arcuate, crowded, rusty; s. 3-6 cm. solid, almost glabrous, equal; sp. ——.
  3. Aldridgei, Mass. P. 2-5 cm. convex then infundib. edge incurved, dry, orange brick-red, minutely velvety; g. deeply decur. rusty orange; s. 6-9 cm. wavy, smooth, colour of p.; sp. 16 × 5.
  5. vinosa, Bull. P. 2-4 cm. exp. then depr. rusty fawn-colour; g. decur. crowded, narrow, rusty; s. 2-3 cm. solid, firm, base rather thickened, minutely flocculose; sp. 5 × 3.
  6. [Tamii, Fr. P. convex, dry, floccosely silky, dusky yellow, with tinge of brown; g. adnate, orange tawny; s. solid, silky fibrillose, equal, yellowish rufous.
  7. [abrupta, Fr. P. convexo-plane, disc becoming depr. obsoletely umb. glabrous, shining tawny; g. adnate with decur. tooth, pallid then tawny; s. fibrillose, tawny yellow; sp. 5-7 × 3-5.
  8. floccifera, B. and Br. Caespitose. P. 4-5 cm. convex, exp. tawny, white-fibrillose, somewhat zoned when dry; g. adnate, wrinkled, rusty, edge white; s. 3 cm. narrowed downwards, scurfy at apex, white and silky-squamulose below; sp. ——.
  9. [muricella, Fr. P. convex then plane, tawny, covered everywhere with suberect darker erect innate squamules; g. adnate, crowded, dingy yellow; s. solid, equal, glabrous, pallid.
  10. decipiens, W. G. Sm. P. 2-3 cm. deep clear brown then pale, convex, obtuse or umb. dry, minutely scaly, flesh yellow; g. decur. orange-brown; s. 3-4 cm. narrowed downwards, tawny, striate; sp. 6-7 × 4.
  11. Differs from F. carbonaria in decur. bright g.
  12. clitopila, Cke. and Sm. P. 3-4 cm. convex then exp. depr. and umbil. smooth, dry, purplish brown; g. dingy yellowish; s. 4-5 cm. ventricose, smoky brown, hollow; sp. 10 × 4-5.
  13. II. Lubrici. Pileus covered with a viscid, continuous, partly separable cuticle; veil evident, fibrillose.
  14. lenta, Pers. P. 4-7 cm. convexo-plane, even, viscid, livid or tan, at first with scattered scales; g. adnate, whitish then tan; s. 4-5 cm. equal, scaly; sp. 10 × 4. (6-7 × 3-4 Sacc.)
  15. Sometimes entirely whitish; p. glutinous when moist.
  16. Stevenson considers the present and Hebeloma glutinosum to be identical.
  17. lubrica, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. plane, even, viscid, cinnamon or tawny or pallid and disc tawny and spotted with squamules; g. adnate, broad, tan; s. 5-12 cm. somewhat narrowed, fibrillose, whitish, apex striate; sp. 8 × 4.
  18. lupina, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. and depr. even, viscid; g. adnato-decur. broad, pallid tan; s. 2-3 cm. short, firm, unequal, with rusty tinged adpressed fibrils, apex white; sp. 8 × 4.
  19. There are two forms: A. Smell strong, pungent, p. fuscous then tan; s. becoming rusty. B. Milder, p. tawny; s. and g. yellowish.
  20. mixta, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. convexo-plane, viscid, crust-colour, disc darker, rugulose; g. subdecur. crowded; s. 3-7 cm. hollow, pallid, fusco-fibrillose, rufous-scaly below; sp. 10 × 5.
  21. juncina, W. G. Sm. P. 3-4 cm. hemispher. exp. even, glabrous, sulphur, disc brown; g. decur. sulphur then reddish brown; s. 8-10 cm. tapering downwards, sulphur, base tawny; sp. ——.
  22. decussata, Fr. P. plane, obscurely umb. viscid, virgate with innate radiating fibrils, crust-colour; g. adnate, crowded, narrow, yellowish then tan; s. tawny.
  23. gummosa, Lasch. P. 3-6 cm. plane, floccosely scaly then even, viscid, yellow or greenish; g. adnate, crowded, yellow then cinnamon; s. 4-7 cm. silky fibrillose, base reddish; sp. ——.
  24. spumosa, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, viscid, yellowish; g. adnate, yellow then rusty; s. 4-9 cm. equal, slender, fibrillose, yellowish; sp. 9 × 5.
  25. [Henningsii, Bres. P. convex, exp. greenish-yellow or citrin, centre tinged fuscous, with disappearing brownish squamules; g. sinuato-adnate, crowded, yellow then tawny cinnamon; s. fibrillosely squamulose then almost glabrous, tawny-yellow; sp. 8-9 × 5.5.
  26. [carbonaria, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. almost plane, even, viscid, somewhat tawny, flesh yellow; g. adnate, tan becoming fuscescent; s. 3-7 cm. rigid, squamulose, pallid; sp. 10-11 × 5-6.
  27. III. Udi. Cuticle of pileus continuous, not distinct or separable, glabrous (frequently with superficial down), moist or slightly viscid in rainy weather. Veil evident, appendiculate. Spores not tawny nor ochre. Allied to Pholiota, caespitose, growing on wood.
  28. fusus, Batsch. P. 4-8 cm. compact, convexo-exp. even, rather viscid, reddish tan, flesh yellowish, veil append.; g. subdecur. yellowish then rusty; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, base narrowed, colour of p. rooting; sp. 10 × 4.
  29. var. superba, Mass. P. 8-12 cm. deep orange; s. pale orange; g. narrow, bright yellow.
  30. filia, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. glabrous, moist in rainy weather but not viscid, pale reddish yellow; g. adnate, arcuate, tawny yellow; s. 8-14 cm. glabrous, pale yellow, hollow; sp. 10 × 5.
  31. [cortinata, D. C. Caespitose. P. convex, glabrous, discoid, veil append.; g. adnate, rusty; s. hollow, unequal, squamulose, white.
  32. var. cortinella, Dub. P. ovoid-convex, yellow or greyish-yellow; g. whitish then rufous-lilac, at length vinous.
  33. astragalina, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. discoid, at first superficially silky near edge, saffron blood-red, flesh same; g. adnate, crowded, pale yellow then rusty; s. 3-9 cm. wavy, fibrillosely scaly, pallid; sp. 10 long.
  34. alnicola, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. moist, even, at first subfibrillosely scaly then nearly glabrous, yellow then rusty, rarely greenish; g. broad, pallid then rusty; s. 4-9 cm. partly hollow, narrowed to a rooting base, fibrillose, yellow then rusty; sp. 9 × 4.
  35. flavida, Schaeff. P. 3-7 cm. exp. equal; glabrous, moist, yellow; g. yellow then rusty; s. 5-9 cm. yellow then rusty; 6-8 × 5.
  37. inaurata, W. G. Sm. Sulphur yellow. P. 2-3 cm. moist, smooth, with a distinct veil; g. adnate with a decur. tooth; s. 2-3 cm. with innate scales; sp. ——.
  38. conissans, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. thin, exp. equal, moist, glabrous, yellowish tan; g. crowded, pallid then dingy tan; s. 4-7 cm. hollow, silky fibrillose, pallid; sp. 8 × 4.
  39. Habit of Hypholoma fasciculare.
  40. inopoda, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. exp. moist, glabrous, honey-coloured tan; g. linear, yellowish white then pallid; s. 7-14 cm. slender, wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, at length reddish below; sp. 10 × 6.
  41. apicrea, Fr. 3-7 cm. exp. even, glabrous, moist, tan or dingy orange, disc tawny; g. crowded, shining rusty; s. 4-7 cm. hollow, equal, not rooting, pallid, base with rusty fibrils; sp. 7 × 3.
  42. Differs from F. alnicola in unchangeable gills, flesh hygr.; p. clay-colour, disc tawny becoming pale, smell sweet.
  43. [austera, Fr. P. campan.-convex exp. obtuse, moist, discoid, fibrillose then glabrous, hygr. honey-colour, disc tawny; g. subdecur. always cinnamon; s. hollow, equal, not rooting, silky fibrillose, whitish.
  44. [azyma, Bull. P. convex-exp. obtuse, moist, even, hygr. pale rusty, flocculose and rimosely squamulose when dry; g. adnate, gilvous, edge whitish; s. fibrillosely cortinate, pallid; sp. 10 long.
  45. IV. Sapinei. Pileus hardly pelliculose (flesh cracking or torn into squamules towards disc), not viscid. Veil adpressedly fibrillose to the stem, not appendiculato-cortinate, almost none, or forming a zone on stem. Known more especially by yellowish or tawny yellow gills and ochre or tawny spores. Subcaespitose, always growing on pines or on pine branches etc. on the ground.
  46. [stabilis, Weinm. P. compact, exp. even, glabrous, ochre, gibbous disc darker; g. whitish then tawny cinnamon; s. stout, rigid, whitish with ochre fibrils.
  47. penetrans, Fr. P. exp. dry, almost glabrous, golden or orange tawny; g. yellowish-white spotted tawny; s. silky then striate, pallid, very fugacious flocculose veil white; sp. 8-9 × 4-5.
  48. hybrida, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, glabrous, even, moist, tawny cinnamon then tawny orange; g. adnate, pale yellow then tawny; s. 4-7 cm. narrowed upwards, tawny, whitish cortinate and cingulate; sp. 7-8 × 4-5.
  49. [harmoge, Fr. P. campan. adpressedly squamulose, rather viscid, disc fleshy, verdigris green, rest lilac or pinkish; g. adnate, broad, sulphur then tawny-saffron; s. colour of p. veil floccosely radiating.
  50. sapinea, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. very obtuse, minutely flocculosely squamulose then rimosely broken up, golden tawny; g. adnate, broad, golden then tawny cinnamon; s. 3-5 cm. deformed, thick, grooved, rooting, yellowish; sp. 8 × 5.
  51. [Studeriana, Fayod. P. convex then exp. edge acute, deep orange, covered with deciduous, purple-brown radiating silky fibrils; g. adnexed, brownish-tan, not spotted; s. cylindrical, fibrillose and coloured like p.; sp. rough, 8 × 4-5.
  52. liquiritiae, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. splitting, convexo-plane, subumb. glabrous, moist, edge at length slightly striate, tawny orange; g. broad, golden then tawny cinnamon; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, fibrous, striate, silky and white then tawny-rusty; sp. ——.
  53. picrea, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. cracking, convexo-exp. even, glabrous, rufous- or bay-cinnamon then tawny; g. crowded, narrow, yellow then rusty; s. 4-7 cm. fistulose, thin, somewhat umber, narrowed upwards, pulverulent at first; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.
  54. nitens, Cke. and Mass. Caespitose. P. 3-5 cm. hemispher. obtuse, shining, persistently purple brown; g. pallid then umber; s. 4-7 cm. fibrillose, pale pinkish brown, solid; sp. 10 × 5-6.
  55. [limulata, Fr. P. convex then irreg. densely papillosely-rivulose with innate flecks, tawny; g. crowded, yellow then cinnamon; s. thin, fibrillose, rather downy, fuscescent; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
  56. V. Sericelli. Cortinate, cuticle of pileus rather silky, dry or viscid at first.
  57. [Agardhii, Fr. P. convex then exp. obtuse, dry, fibrillosely silky, almost even, tawny-rusty; g. adnato-decur. crowded, tan then brown-rusty, edge paler, crenulate; s. equal, wavy, fibrillosely cortinate.
  58. ochrochlora, Fr. Caespitose. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-exp. obtusely umb. dry, rather silky, subsquamulose, greenish straw-colour; g. adnate, crowded, greenish-white then olive; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, scaly and white-floccose, wavy, base and inside rusty; sp. 8 × 4.
  59. Resembling Hypholoma fasciculare, differing in rusty sp.
  60. helomorpha, Fr. White. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. gibbous, unequal, viscid, silky when dry, edge naked; g. adnato-decur. crowded, white then tan; s. 2-3 cm. solid, unequal, curved, even, almost glabrous; sp. 10 × 6.
  61. scamba, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. subdepr. floccosely downy, viscid in damp weather, white then tinged tan; g. subdecur. yellowish tan; s. 3-4 cm. short, incurved, flocculosely cortinate, white, base narrowed; sp. 10-12 × 5-6.

Introduced species.

filicea, Cke. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-exp. or slightly depr. squamulosely fibrillose, deep yellow disc tawny, veil reddish, append.; g. adnate, sulphur then tawny; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, sulphur, base tawny; sp. 8 × 5.

purpurata, Cke. and Mass. P. 3-4 cm. exp. obtusely umb. purple or purple-brown, squamulose, dry; g. adnate, yellow then rusty; s. 3-4 cm. incurved, purplish and granulose below; sp. 8 × 5.

CORTINARIUS, Fr.

Key to the Subgenera.