European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae

by George Massee

RUSSULA, Fr.

1. I. Taste mild.
   1. * Gills ochraceous (not clear yellow).
   2. alutacea, Fr. P. 4-10 cm. viscid, exp. depr. red, dark purple, disc becoming pale, at length striate and tuberculose at margin, flesh white; g. broad, rather distant, ochre, naked; s. 4-5 cm. white or tinged red; sp. 7-9.
   3. Differs from R. integra in gills not being powdery.
      1. + Pileus white or cream colour (often becoming blackish when old).
      2. virginea, Cke. and Mass. Persistently pure white. P. 4-5 cm. soon exp., viscid, polished when dry; g. subdecur., narrow, repeatedly forked, veined; s. 4-5 cm. solid, rugulose; sp. 4-5.
      3. semicrema, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. persistently white, edge involute, even, glabrous; g. decur. crowded, white; s. 3-5 cm. white, becoming blackish; sp. 8-9.
      4. Differs from R. adusta and R. densifolia in persistently white p.—flesh also—and g., and from R. delica in flesh of stem becoming blackish.
      5. lactea, Fr. Entirely white or pallid. P. 4-5 cm. obtuse, even, unpolished then minutely cracked; g. free, thick, distant; s. 2-4 cm. solid, stout; sp. 7-9.
      6. var. incarnata, Q. P. white tinged rose, then pale tan.
      8. nigricans, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. exp. umbilicato-depr. whitish, soon sooty-olive, flesh white, reddish when broken; g. rounded, very thick and distant; s. 3-6 cm. stout, solid, pallid then black; sp. 8-9. Every part black when old.
      9. adusta, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. exp. depr. white then brownish, at length scorched; g. thin, crowded, pallid; s. 3-5 cm. solid, pallid then dusky grey; sp. 8-9.
      10. Differs from R. nigricans in much closer gills, and in flesh not changing to red.
      11. densifolia, Gillet. P. 3-9 cm. convex then depr. white then brownish, flesh red when broken; g. thin, crowded, pallid; s. 3-5 cm. slightly mealy, white then grey, at length blackish; sp. 7-8.
      12. Differs from R. adusta in flesh turning red, and from R. nigricans in crowded gills.
      13. delica, Fr. White. P. 8-14 cm. exp. umbil. polished, edge incurved, even, glabrous; g. decur. thin, distant, white; s. 3-5 cm. solid, compact; sp. 8-10 × 6-7.
      14. This species has been confounded with R. chloroides, Bres. (= R. delica, Mass. Fung. Fl. III, 53, Lact. exsuccus, Otto, &c.) but differs in polished pileus, pure white gills, &c.
      15. chloroides, Bresad. (= Lact. exsuccus, Otto; Agaricus chloroides, Krombh.; Russula delica, Mass, &c. not of Cooke). P. 8-12 cm. depr. edge involute, whitish, pubescent, flesh thick, white; g. decurrent, white with a tinge of green, connected by veins, forked; s. 3-5 cm. stout, white, tomentose, sometimes with a pale green zone at apex; sp. 8-9.
      16. Differs from R. delica in pubescent pileus and stem, and green tinted gills.
      17. ++ Pileus clear yellow.
      18. citrina, Gillet. P. 4-6 cm. slightly viscid, convex then depr.; g. broadest in front, forked, white; s. 4-7 cm. white, solid, slightly rugulose; sp. 7-8.
      19. fingibilis, Britz. P. 4-5 cm. exp. depr. even, slightly viscid; g. almost free, white; s. 3-5 cm. white, becoming hollow; sp. 7-9.
      20. +++ Pileus greenish or olive.
      21. olivascens, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. umbil. olive disc becoming yellowish, edge even; g. white then tinged yellow; s. 2-4 cm. stout, firm, even; sp. 9-10.
      22. heterophylla, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. depr. even, polished, greenish, yellow-brown, &c., disc becoming ochre, flesh white; g. very narrow, closely crowded; s. 2-3 cm. solid, white; sp. 7-8.
      23. var. galachroa, Fr. P. milky white then greenish.
      24. Differs from R. cyanoxantha in very narrow, crowded gills.
      25. [smaragdina, Q. P. thin, viscid, somewhat zoned, clear green, edge white; g. narrow, white; s. slender, pruinose, white; taste mild.
      27. azurea, Bres. P. 4-5 cm. exp. depr. pale glaucous green, with white bloom; g. pale cream colour; s. 2-3 cm. white, rugulose; sp. 8-9.
      28. Differs from R. cyanoxantha in white meal on the pileus.
      29. virescens, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. exp. umbil. dingy opaque green, innately flocculose, areolately cracked; g. rather crowded, forked; s. 4-6 cm. stout, white; sp. 8-9. Edible.
      30. [luteo-viridans, C. Mart. P. convex then depr. then edge erect and sulcate, pellicle viscid, separable, yellow with green or brown stains; g. broad; s. reticulated, base narrowed. Acrid.
      31. var. bicolor, C. Mart. Disc of p. yellow, edge brown; g. dark ochre.
      32. var. purpurea, C. Mart. P. purple, disc yellow.
      33. furcata, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. rigid, depr. sometimes subinfund. even, dark lurid green, even, frosted with a white silkiness; g. adnato-decur. thickish, forked; s. 4-7 cm. firm, even, white; sp. 7-8.
      34. var. pictipes, Cke. S. rosy at apex, greenish below.
      35. var. ochroviridis, Cke. Disc of p. olive or sooty, ochraceous towards edge.
      36. aeruginea, Lindbl. P. 6-9 cm. exp. darker disc depr., verdigris green, edge striate; g. narrow behind, slightly adnexed, pure white; s. 4-5 cm. firm, even, persistently white; sp. 8-10.
      37. ++++ Pileus red, brownish, purple, sometimes with green intermingled.
      38. lepida, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. compact, depr. not polished, blood red, becoming pale, minutely cracked into squamules; g. much forked; s. 3-5 cm. even, white with rosy tinge; sp. 6-8.
      39. atropurpurea, Kromb. P. 6-8 cm. hard, convex then exp. depr. smooth, even, deep blood red or purple red; g. adnate, white; s. 5-6 cm. white or tinged red.
      40. Differs from R. rubra in being quite mild.
      41. [cerasina, C. Mart. P. viscid, depr. subcyathiform, edge sulcate, pellicle separable, cherry-red, disc yellow, flesh purple under cuticle; g. adnato-decur. ochre; s. rugulose, white. Acrid.
      42. cutefracta, Cke. P. 6-12 cm. exp. depr. even, purple, dull red, etc., cracking into areolae from edge towards disc; g. adnexed, crowded; s. 6-8 cm. solid, white with tinge of purple; sp. 7-10.
      43. vesca, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. depr. flesh colour, disc darker, viscid, rugulose; g. adnate, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. solid, white, reticulately wrinkled; sp. 9-10.
      44. var. Duportii, Phil. P. disc rufous, edge bluish, flesh reddish when cut. Smells of crab.
      45. var. lilacea, Q. P. violet or purple, flesh violet under the cuticle.
      46. var. Barlae, Q. P. peach colour.
      48. depallens, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. firm, undulate, viscid, reddish, crimson, or brownish, disc paler at length; g. crowded, forked; s. 3-4 cm. base narrowed, white then grey; sp. 7-8.
      49. Differs from R. decolorans in having white gills.
      50. [pallida, Karst. Acrid. P. convex then exp. mostly undulate, rather viscid, constantly pallid, here and there tinged rose, edge even; g. white, edge sometimes sulphur; s. white, often curved; sp. 5-8.
      51. Differs from Russula pallescens in being more robust and even margin of p.
      52. cyanoxantha, Schaeff. P. 5-9 cm. globose then depr. or infundib. viscid, lilac, purplish, olive green, &c., edge generally bluish; g. broad, forked; s. 4-6 cm. even, white; sp. 8-9.
      53. elephantina, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. convex, umbil. margin incurved, brownish tan, wavy; g. obtusely adnate, arcuate, rather crowded, thin; s. firm, white; sp. ——.
      54. Differs from R. nigricans and R. adusta in not turning black or red when old.
      55. mustelina, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. depr. edge upturned, even, opaque, brownish or dingy yellowish, flesh persistently white; g. crowded, thin, connected; s. 4-5 cm. even, white; sp. 7-8.
   4. integra, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. viscid, exp. depr. red or greenish, margin at length sulcate and tuberculose, flesh white; g. broad, yellow, powdered with the ochre spores; s. 4-5 cm. even, ventricose, white; sp. 9-10.
   5. var. alba, Cke. Whole fungus except gills creamy white.
   6. xerampelina, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. compact, exp. then depr., dry, rosy purple sometimes tinged olive, disc paler, cracked into granules, flesh tinged yellow; g. forked, white then ochre; s. 4-7 cm. clavate, white, more or less tinged red; sp. 8-10 × 6-7.
   7. Differs from R. integra by narrow gills not powdered with the spores.
   8. nauseosa, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-4 cm. viscid, plane then depr., purple or lilac, disc darker, coarsely striate; g. rather distant, ochre; s. 2-3 cm. slightly striate, white; sp. 8-9.
   9. R. nitida differs in the yellow, shining gills.
   10. var. flavida, Cke. P. primrose yellow.
   11. vitellina, Fr. Strong scented. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, yellow, edge tuberculose, striate; g. saffron ochre; s. 2-3 cm. slender, white; sp. 7-8.
   12. Differs from R. lutea in strong smell and tuberculose margin.
   13. var. major, Cke. Similar to type, but larger.
   15. lilacea, Q. P. 4-7 cm. exp. depr., viscid, violet becoming pallid; g. white, broad; s. 4-6 cm. fragile, white or base tinted rose; sp. 7-8.
   16. ochracea, Fr. Every part inside and outside ochraceous. P. 5-7 cm. viscid, coarsely striate; g. broad; s. 2-3 cm. wrinkled; sp. 10-12.
   17. R. fellea differs in bitter taste.
   18. lutea, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. plano-depr. viscid, yellow becoming pale; g. connected by veins, egg-yellow; s. 2-3 cm. even, white; sp. 8-10 × 7-8.
   19. Differs from R. vitellina by even margin of p. and absence of smell.
   20. elegans, Bresad. P. 4-7 cm. convex then depr., tuberculose and striate with age, rosy, yellowish towards margin, densely granular everywhere; g. ochraceous orange; s. 3-5 cm. white; sp. 8-10.
   21. Differs from R. vesca in granular, rosy pileus.
   22. armeniaca, Cke. P. 2-4 cm. soon depr., peach colour, margin even; g. deep ochraceous; s. 4-5 cm. white, hollow; sp. 10 × 8.
   23. [ravida, Fr. P. depr. wavy and more or less lobed, brownish grey then yellowish, opaque, edge even, flesh grey; g. broad, ochre; s. pallid, brown striate.
   24. xanthophaea, Boud. P. depr., edge sulcate and tuberculose, brownish bay; gills clear ochre; s. white; taste mild.
   25. Differs from R. pectinata in ochre gills and mild taste, and from R. ravida in pectinate and tuberculose margin.
   26. ** Gills yellow, without an ochraceous tinge.
   27. coerulea, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp., polished, edge even, bluish or bluish purple; g. adnate, pale yellow; s. 4-5 cm. white; sp. 10-12.
   28. Much the appearance of R. cyanoxantha, differs in crowded yellow gills.
   29. nitida, Fr. Smell unpleasant. P. 3-5 cm. plane or slightly depr., viscid, purplish-bay, reddish, &c., shining, edge striate; g. sulphur yellow, naked; s. 5-7 cm. white then pallid; sp. 8-10 × 6-8.
   30. R. nauseosa differs in ochre, powdered gills.
   31. var. cuprea, Cke. P. copper colour.
   32. aurata, Fr. P. rigid, 4-7 cm. plane, yellow, orange or reddish, disc darker, margin striate, flesh yellow under the viscid cuticle; g. broad, edge lemon yellow; s. 4-7 cm. white or yellow; sp. 8-10.
   33. decolorans, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. globose then exp., regular, viscid, orange red then yellowish, margin becoming striate; flesh turning grey; g. yellowish; s. 6-9 cm. white then grey, especially inside; sp. 7-9.
   34. Differs from R. depallens in the long s., and the yellow gills.
   36. punctata, Gillet. P. 3-5 cm. convex then plane, viscid, rosy, punctate with brown warts, striate; g. yellowish, edge often reddish; s. 2-3 cm. coloured like p. base whitish; sp. 8-9.
   37. var. leucopus, Cke. Stem white.
   38. olivacea, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. convex then plane or depr., margin even, minutely silky squamulose, purple with olive tinge, or brownish olive; g. broad, yellow; s. 5-8 cm. pale rose; sp. 9-10.
   39. Differs from R. rubra in deeper yellow colour of g. and unpolished p. and mild taste.
   40. Linnaei, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. plane then depr., polished, edge even, blood red or dark rose; g. adnato-decur. yellowish; s. 3-6 cm. blood red; sp. ——.
   41. chamaeleontina, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. plane or subdepr., slightly viscid, edge becoming slightly striate, rose red, purplish lilac, &c., then yellowish; g. closely crowded, plane, yellow; s. 3-6 cm. white; sp. 7-8.
   42. puellaris, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. almost membranaceous, conico-convex then exp., tuberculose striate to the middle, purplish livid then yellowish, disc brown; g. pale yellow, naked; s. 2-3 cm. yellowish white, soon hollow; sp. 10 × 8-9.
   43. P. not shining as in R. nitida.
   44. var. intensior, Cke. P. deep purple, blackish at disc.
   45. var. roseipes, Secr. S. sprinkled with rosy meal.
   46. [bona, Schwalb. P. often irreg., lilac, centre pallid or obscure, velvety; g. adnexed, pale yellow then pale egg-yellow; s. unequal, often curved, white, hollow; taste mild; 8-10.
   47. [grisea, Fr. P. exp. depr., polished, grey or olive, disc purplish, edge even, flesh under cuticle violet; g. adnate, white then yellow s. even, polished, white.
   48. *** Gills white or creamy white.
2. II. Taste acrid.
   1. * Gills yellow or ochraceous.
      1. + Pileus yellow or ochraceous.
      2. fellea, Fr. Every part, outside and inside, pale ochraceous or straw colour, very acrid. P. 3-7 cm. exp. not becoming pale; g. adnate; s. even, 4-6 cm.
      3. Differs from R. ochracea in being very acrid.
      4. aurata, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. rigid, exp. polished, citrin or orange, sometimes reddish, edge becoming striate, flesh under cuticle citrin; g. broad, shining citrin; s. 5-8 cm. white tinged yellow; sp. ——.
      5. [rhytipes, Fr. Foetid. P. depr. dry, yellowish, blotched purple or olive, corrugated, flesh sulphur yellow; g. broad, yellow, edge darker; s. conical, reticulately rugose, greyish purple.
      6. No account of mild or acrid taste is given, hence its position is uncertain. Has points in common with R. aurata.
      7. claroflava, Grove. P. 5-7 cm. bullate then plane, chrome yellow; g. white, lemon yellow, then tinged ochre; s. 3-6 cm. white then grey or blackish; sp. 8-9.
      8. Differs from R. ochroleuca in bright yellow p.
      10. ++ Pileus red or purple.
      11. rubra, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. rigid, convex exp. depr. dusky blood red or with a tinge of purple, polished and even when dry; g. adnate whitish; s. 4-7 cm. hard, white sometimes tinged red; sp. 8-10.
      12. Differs from R. atropurpurea in very acrid taste.
      13. drimeia, Cke. (= R. expallens, Gil.). P. 5-9 cm. firm, exp. depr. bright purple to rose colour; g. clear yellow; s. 4-8 cm. purple, paler than p.; sp. 7-9. Intensely acrid.
      14. veternosa, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plano-depr. rosy or flesh colour then pale, slightly viscid; g. adnate, narrow, white then straw colour; s. 5-8 cm. spongy then hollow, white; sp. 7-9.
      15. maculata, Q. P. 5-8 cm. thin, firm, exp. viscid, reddish flesh-colour, then pale and blotched brownish; g. sulphur then peach colour; s. 3-4 cm. white or tinged rose, then spotted ochre; sp. 9-10.
      16. Differs from R. depallens in being smaller, acrid, and stem not grey.
      17. serotina, Q. P. 2-2.5 cm. globose then more or less exp. purple brown or olive, edge lilac, with white bloom at first; g. almost free, white then tinged yellow; s. 2-3 cm. white; sp. 8-9.
   2. ** Gills white.
      1. + Pileus ochraceous or umber.
      2. ochroleuca, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. exp. depr. viscid at first, ochraceous then pale, disc cracked into granules, margin almost even; g. rounded behind, broad, subequal, whitish; s. 4-7 cm. soft, white then grey, reticulately rugulose; sp. 8-9.
      3. Differs from R. granulosa in stem becoming grey.
      4. granulosa, Cke. P. 4-7 cm. exp. often depr. viscid at first, ochraceous, disc darker and granular; s. 4-7 cm. white, granular; g. nearly free, white; sp. 11-12.
      5. Close to R. ochroleuca, differing in granular persistently white stem.
      6. foetens, Fr. Foetid. P. 7-12 cm. bullate, then exp. and depr. rigid, viscid, edge at first incurved, tuberculato-sulcate, ochraceous then pale; g. very unequal, forked, whitish; s. 4-5 cm. soon hollow, whitish; sp. 8-10.
      7. [foetida, C. Mart. Smell foetid. P. viscid, sulcate, yellow-brown, flesh under cuticle brown, rest white; g. forked near stem, white then yellow; s. very fragile, hollow, white, often spotted red below. Mild.
      8. consobrina, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. exp. depr. viscid, edge even, brown or dark grey, flesh grey under the cuticle; g. forked, white; s. 4-6 cm. white then grey; sp. 8-9 × 7.
      9. var. sororia, Fr. Edge of p. striate.
      10. pectinata, Fr. Smell nauseous. P. 5-7 cm. exp. then depr. or broadly infundib., rigid, brownish tan then pale except disc, viscid, margin sulcate, flesh yellowish under cuticle; g. attenuato-free, equal, white; s. rigid, striate, white; sp. 8-9.
      11. Differs from R. consobrina, var. sororia in tubercular sulcate edge, and gills not connected by veins.
      12. [intermedia, Karst. Acrid. P. exp. depr. irreg. viscid, edge even, at length sulcate and tuberculose, tawny, disc darker, discoloured; g. white then yellowish; s. white.
      13. Near to Russ. integra, differs in taste and colour.
      14. sardonia, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. plane, wavy, viscid, edge even, dingy yellow, then pale; g. adnate, closely crowded, white then yellowish; s. 3-5 cm. white often tinged red; sp. 9-10.
      15. Differs from R. rosacea and R. expallens in yellowish colour.
      16. ++ Pileus red or purplish.
      17. emetica, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. exp. depr. shining, rosy to blood red, then pale or white, edge at length sulcate, flesh white, red under cuticle; g. free, white; s. 4-7 cm. even, white or tinged red; sp. 7-8. Poisonous.
      18. var. Clusii, Fr. Flesh and gills tinged yellow.
      19. rosacea, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. unequal, viscid then dry and spotted, rosy; edge acute, even; g. adnate, white; s. 3-5 cm. white or tinged rose; sp. 7-8.
      20. Differs from R. sanguinea in irregular, often excentric p. and broader gills.
      21. sanguinea, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. depr. or infundib. polished, blood-red then pale, edge acute, even; g. decur. closely crowded, white; s. 4-7 cm. striate, white or tinged red; sp. 9-10.
      22. R. rubra differs in rigid p. and g. tinged yellow.
      23. fragilis, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. thin, fragile, exp. flesh colour or red, soon pale, rather viscid, edge tubercular-striate; g. thin, crowded, ventricose, white; s. 3-5 cm. white, polished; sp. 8-10 × 8.
      24. var. nivea, Cke. Entirely white.
      25. var. violacea, Q. P. violet, with narrow pale edge.
      26. var. fallax, Cke. Disc of p. very dark, rest pale reddish purple.
      27. Queletii, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. soon plane, viscid, dark violet, edge slightly striate, lilac; g. white; s. 3-5 cm. purple; sp. 7-8.
      28. var. purpurea, Cke. (= R. purpurea, Gillet). Stem whitish, tinged rosy at middle part; g. pale yellow.

MYCENA, Fr.

1. I. Calodontes. Edge of gills denticulate, dark coloured.
2. pelianthina, Bolton. P. 1.5-3 cm. obtuse, hygr. purplish then pale; g. broad, adnexed, purplish with darker fimbriated margin; s. 5-8 cm. equal, pallid; sp. 7 × 4.
4. balanina, B. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umb. pale yellowish brown, striate when moist; g. adnate, separating, pinkish-white, edge purple; s. 6-8 cm. tinged brown, squamulose above, brown and thin below.
5. [crenulata, Schum. P. camp. umb. purplish-bay; g. adnexed, paler than p., edge distinctly crenulated but scarcely darker; s. even, glabrous, base narrowed.
6. mirabilis, Cke. and Q. (= Ag. marginellus, Fr., non Pers.). P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. pale bluish grey, umb. darker, then tan, finely striate; g. whitish, edge darker with minute particles; s. greyish, minutely floccose, rooting and tomentose at base; sp. ——.
7. aurantiomarginata, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. subumb. even, brownish olive then pale; g. adnexed, edge flocculent, orange; s. 2-4 cm. base ventricose and strigose; sp. ——.
8. elegans, Pers. P. 1.5-2 cm. umb. striate, brown or livid-yellow; g. adnate, edge saffron; s. 4-5 cm. equal, livid; sp. 8-10 × 4-5.
9. olivaceomarginata, Mass. P. 1-1.5 cm. striate up to disc, honey colour; g. adnexed, pallid, edge brownish olive; s. 3-4 cm. shining, coloured like p.; sp. 6 × 4-5.
10. [avenacea, Fr. P. camp. obt. fuscous then livid grey, slightly striate; g. adnate, white, edge fuscous; s. even, glabrous, without juice, base fibrillose.
11. [atromarginata, Fr. P. exp. sulcate, viscid; g. white with a very narrow black edge; s. tall, striate, glabrous.
12. rubromarginata, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. camp. obtuse, striate, hygr. grey, livid, reddish &c., paler; g. adnate, whitish, edge purple brown; s. 3-4 cm. even, pallid; sp. ——.
13. var. fuscopurpurea, Lasch. P. purple brown; g. edge eroded, brownish.
14. [luteorufescens, Karst. P. campan. often oblique, striato-virgate, yellowish fuscous, disc rufescent, opaque; g. distant, whitish glaucous; s. yellowish, glabrous; sp. 8-13 × 7-9.
15. [viridimarginata, Karst. P. campan. exp. umb. sulcate, glabrous, brownish honey-colour, not hygr.; g. white then glaucous; s. rigid, fragile, honey-colour then pale, not rooting; sp. 7-11 × 6-7.
16. strobilina, Fr. Every part deep red. P. 1-1.5 cm. acutely umb. not becoming pale; g. adnate edge dark blood red; s. 3-4 cm. rigid; sp. 8-10 × 4.
17. var. coccinea, Sow. Edge of g. not darker.
18. Differs from M. rosella in larger size, and in not becoming pale, acute umbo, &c.
19. rosella, Fr. Every part pale rose colour. P. 4-7 mm. obtusely umb. striate, becoming pale; g. adnate, edge darker; s. 2-3 cm. slender; sp. 7-8 × 4.
20. [venustula, Q. P. white, diaphanous, with rosy granules; g. few, white, edge rosy; s. white, hyaline.
21. carneosanguinea, Rea. P. 2.5-3 cm. livid grey, umbo rufous, even, flesh becoming blood-red when broken; g. purplish-brown, edge dark purple, denticulate; s. 4 cm. grey, base thickened; sp. 4-5 × 2-3.
22. [citrinomarginata, Gill. P. campan. striate to apex, yellow; g. distant, pale, edge citrin; s. thickened and downy at base, pale.
23. [fuscomarginata, Godey. P. campan. even, pale tan then pallid; g. pale, edge brownish or reddish-purple; s. bay, summit pale.
24. II. Adonideae. Stem juiceless, gills all one colour, colour clear, bright, not brownish or greyish.
25. pura, Pers. Smell like radishes. P. 3-6 cm. umb. margin striate, lilac, reddish, &c., then pale; g. sinuato-adnexed, very broad, connected by veins, pale; s. 5-8 cm. even, pale or tinged like pileus; sp. 6-8 × 3-3.5.
26. M. pelianthina differs in dark edged gills.
27. M. pseudopura and M. zephira have no smell.
28. M. ianthina differs in persistently conical pileus.
29. [fimicola, Karst. P. convex then plane, umb. or papillate, umb. striate, glabrous, reddish ochre then tan; g. whitish then tan; s. equal, wavy, tough, glabrous, rusty then bay; sp. 6-9 × 3-4.
30. var. multicolor, Bres. P. clear greyish blue, umbo tawny, edge striate; g. grey; s. rosy-purple, base yellowish, tomentose; sp. 7-9 × 4-5.
31. pseudopura, Cke. P. 2 cm. exp. obtusely umb. vaguely striate, rosy then pale; g. adnate, whitish; s. 4-6 cm. rigid, pallid rosy, brownish when dry, naked; sp. 12 × 5.
32. M. pura differs in larger size of entire fungus, and smaller spores.
33. M. zephira differs in squamulose stem.
34. zephira, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. diaphanous, obtuse, striate to middle, reddish or pinkish; g. adnate white; s. 4-6 cm. tinged pinkish rufescent, squamulose, base cottony; sp. ——.
35. Differs from M. pura in absence of smell.
36. [caesiolivida, Bres. P. campan. exp. or revolute, subirreg. glabrous, hygr. livid blue or grey then rosy livid; g. white then rosy, at length livid flesh colour; s. short, greyish or bluish livid, base strigosely rooting; 8-10 × 5.5-6.
37. [Renati, Q. P. rosy lilac, disc brownish; g. white then tinged rosy; s. pellucid, amber yellow.
38. [Seynii, Q. P. vinous, shining; g. rosy lilac; s. fistulose, hyaline, purplish, base hairy, white.
39. [punicella, Fr. P. conical, obtuse, subviscid, scarlet, edge striate, yellow; g. free, pallid; s. diaphanous, rooting, base dusky green, apex yellowish.
40. flavipes, Q. Tufted, smells like radishes. P. 1-2 cm. camp. obtuse, rosy pink or lilac; g. adnexed, whitish; s. 4-5 cm. polished, yellow, rooting; sp. 10 × 4-5.
41. [rubella, Q. P. campan. striate, orange red; g. white then tinged rosy; s. hyaline, apex rosy.
43. adonis, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. conical then campan. rosy; g. uncinately adnexed, narrow, white tinged pink; s. equal, white; sp. ——.
44. [chlorantha, Fr. P. camp. obtuse, green; g. sinuato-adnexed, white; s. short, glabrous, greenish.
45. lineata, Bull. P. 1-2 cm. obt. glabrous, everywhere finely striate, tinged yellow or whitish; g. adnate, white; s. 4-5 cm. even, base downy; sp. ——.
46. farrea, Lasch. P. 2-2.5 cm. very thin, expanded, furfuraceous with shining particles, pale, sulcate; g. adnate, snow-white; s. 6-7 cm. silky, striate; sp. ——.
47. Among moss and grass. The only known Mycena with a furfuraceous pileus.
48. luteoalba, Bolton. P. 1-2 cm. campan. then exp. and umb. pale yellow; g. adnate, broad, white; s. 3-5 cm. shining, glabrous, yellowish; sp. ——.
49. flavoalba, Fr. P. 1-5 cm. exp. umb. often cracked at margin, yellowish or white; g. soon free, distant; s. 2-3 cm. white, pellucid, apex pruinose; sp. 6-8 × 3-4.
50. M. lactea differs in adnate gills and downy base of stem.
51. M. luteoalba has a yellowish stem.
52. lactea, Pers. White. P. 1-1.5 cm. subumb. striate, even when dry; g. adnate, narrow, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. toughish, not quite straight, glabrous; sp. 7-8 × 3-4.
53. Differs from M. gypsea and M. tenuis in scattered habit.
54. var. pithya, Fr. Smaller, p. becoming almost plane; s. thin, base bubillose, downy.
55. forma pulchella, Fr. Milk-white; g. linear, ascending; s. attenuated. Solitary.
56. [olida, Bres. Smell very strong, rancid. P. thin, conico-campan. obtuse, then exp. and umb. yellow soon pale straw; g. uncinato-decur. connected by veins, white; s. hyaline, strigosely rooting; sp. 8-9 × 6.
57. gypsea, Fr. Caespitose. Pure white, rarely with a yellow tinge. P. 1-2 cm. conical then campan. striate up to umbo, glabrous; g. subuncinate; s. 5-7 cm. straight, narrowed upwards from hairy base; sp. 8-9 × 4.
58. [nivea, Q. Shining white. P. sulcate, diaphanous; g. uncinate; s. pruinose, base rather swollen, fibrillose.
59. [galeropsis, Fr. P. conico-camp. even, gilvous; g. free, whitish; s. straight, narrowed upwards, fragile, not rooting, ferruginous below.
60. [nucida, Brig. P. campan. obtuse, even, downy under a lens, deep rust-colour, hygr.; g. free, white then rosy; s. silky shining, base snow-white, apex mealy.
61. [Benzonii, Fr. P. very thin, campan. exp. umbil. finely striate, pallid or reddish; g. white; s. equal, glabrous, white.
62. An introduced species.
64. [melanops, West. P. convexo-camp. plicate, umbo blackish-brown; g. adnexed to a collar; s. slender, glabrous base fibrillose.
65. [pruinatus, Fr. Shining white. P. thin, conico-campan. papillate, edge deflexed, sulcate, pruinose; g. crowded; s. bulbous, naked.
66. III. Rigidipedes. Stem firm, rigid, rather tough, juiceless, base strigosely rooting, gills discoloured, grey, reddish, &c., often connected by veins.
67. cohaerens, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. camp. obtuse, tawny cinnamon, soft and velvety; g. free, distant, very broad, pallid; s. 8-12 cm. horny, rigid, even, shining, bay, base downy, rooting; sp. 10 × 7-8.
68. [raeborhiza, Lasch. P. acute camp. exp. glabrous, striate, rather tawny then pale; g. almost free, connected by veins; s. even, floccosely pruinose, rooting, tinged tawny.
69. prolifera, Sow. Caespitose. P. 1-2 cm. camp. then exp. subumb., margin coarsely striate, yellowish tan; g. adnexed; s. 6-8 cm. glabrous, shining, striate, brownish below, rooting; sp. ——.
70. excisa, Lasch. (non Berk.). P. 2-3 cm. camp. then obtuse, greyish fuscous or pallid; g. scarcely adnexed, narrowed behind, very broad in front, pallid; s. 2-3 cm. tough, even, grey, rooting; sp. ——.
71. Differs from M. polygramma in smooth stem.
72. var. fagetorum, Fr. Slender. P. even, striate to middle, smoky or livid then pale; g. joined to a collar; s. incurved at base, fixed to leaves by down.
73. rugosa, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. camp. then exp. subumb. tough, irreg. radially rugulose, greyish; g. arcuately adnate, white then tinged grey; s. 3-4 cm. tough, even, glabrous, pallid; sp. ——.
74. sudora, Fr. White. P. 2-3 cm. umb. striate, viscid; g. obtusely adnate, sometimes tinged pink; st. 6-10 cm. even, dry, rooting; sp. ——.
75. galericulata, Scop. P. 2-5 cm. conic camp. exp. striate up to umbo, dry, brownish, livid, &c.; adnate with decurrent tooth, connected by veins, pinkish when old; s. 5-8 cm. polished, even, glabrous; sp. 6-7 × 4.
76. M. rugosa differs from present sp. in having grey gills and rugulose pileus.
77. [simillima, Karsten. P. conico-campan. even, dry, glabrous, livid or dingy pallid; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, white, very slightly tinged rose; s. fragile, polished, even, glabrous, base curved, rooting; sp. ——.
78. Very near to Mycena galericulata, differing in being fragile and in becoming pale.
79. polygramma, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. conic camp. subumb. dry, striate, dark grey or blackish-blue when young; g. pale pinkish-grey tinge; s. 7-12 cm. rigid, tough, shining, longitudinally striate, strigosely rooting, grey; sp. 11-12 × 6.
80. Differs from M. plicata in striate stem.
81. [inclinata, Fr. P. camp. obtuse, striate to middle, everywhere brownish; g. adnate, whitish, base grey; s. rigid, twisted, pruinosely fibrillose, upwards interruptedly striate.
82. parabolica, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. oval then camp. striate to middle, disc blackish-violet, margin paler, becoming pale; g. adnate; s. 4-7 cm. even, glabrous, base strigose, dark coloured; sp. 11-12 × 6.
83. Differs from M. galericulata in absence of decurrent tooth of gills, also their pinkish colour.
84. tintinabulum, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. tough, camp. even, bay, yellow brown, pallid, &c., viscid when moist; g. adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded; s. 2-3 cm. even, glabrous, pallid, strigosely rooting; sp. 7-8 × 5.
85. Differs from M. galericulata in short stem and even pileus.
86. Berkeleyi, Mass. (= excisa, B.). P. 3-7 cm. camp. striate up to umbo, hygr. dingy brown then paler; g. broadly sinuate with decurrent tooth, tinged flesh colour; s. 7-12 cm. long, purplish brown, base rooting; sp. 5 × 3.5.
87. [laevigata, Lasch. Constantly white. P. hemispher.-exp. obtuse, even when dry; g. with decur. tooth, crowded, distinct, joined to a collar; s. even, glabrous, lubricous, base strigose.
88. Requires to be carefully distinguished from white forms of M. galericulata and M. rugosa. S. lubricous when moist, not viscid.
89. [lasiosperma, Bres. Caespitose. P. thin, conico-campan. exp. umb. edge then upturned, rather viscid, striate to umbo, livid grey with a grey bloom at first; g. sinuato-unc. connected by veins, whitish then grey; s. pallid above, chestnut and white-pruinose below; sp. globose, aculeate, 6-7.
90. IV. Fragilipedes. Stem fragile, dry, juiceless. Pileus hygrophanous. Gills often discoloured.
91. atroalba, Bolton. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, disc blackish or fuscous, whitish towards striate margin; g. free, crowded, glaucous; s. 6-10 cm. pallid, apex darker, base swollen, strigose; sp. ——.
92. dissiliens, Fr. Smell strong, very fragile, conico-camp. obtuse, greyish-brown then pale, grooved to middle; g. broadest in front, base tinged grey; s. 4-5 cm. subincurved, slightly striate, dusky grey, base strigose; sp. ——.
93. When compressed the stem splits into pieces which curl outwards elastically.
94. atrocyanea, Batsch. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex-camp. sulcate, dark brown then blue-grey, powdered with white meal, deformed umbo obtuse; g. adnexed, whitish; s. 3-4 cm. slender, glabrous, blackish-blue; sp. ——.
96. pullata, B. and Cke. Smell slightly nitrous. P. 1.5-2 cm. dark brown, disc blackish, obtusely umb. striate to middle; g. white; s. 5-6 cm. coloured like pileus, rooting; sp. 6 × 3.
97. M. leucogala and M. galopoda differ in white milk in stem.
98. M. atrocyanea differs in dark blue tinge of p. and s.
99. [cinerella, Karst. Smell very strong of meal. P. campan. entirely striate, grey or greyish-pallid; g. broadly adnato-decur. greyish-white; s. greyish-white, base fibrillose, not rooting; sp. ——.
100. psammicola, B. and Br. Smell strong. P. 4-6 mm. hemispherical, brown, paler towards striate margin, sprinkled with minute particles; g. adnexed, sinuate; s. 1.5-2 cm. umber, paler upwards, everywhere pulverulent; sp. ——.
101. Differs from M. paupercula in pulverulent stem and pileus.
102. paupercula, B. Smell strong. P. 2-4 mm. conical, exp. pale ochraceous, minutely fibrillose; g. free, whitish; s. 1-1.5 cm. slender, whitish, rooting; sp. ——.
103. leptocephala, Pers. Smell strong, solitary, entirely grey. P. 2-2.5 cm. umb. sulcate, pruinose, opaque; g. emarginate; s. 4-5 cm. slightly striate, opaque, dry; sp. ——.
104. alcalina, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. camp. obtuse, naked, deeply striate when moist, shining when dry, pallid or tinged yellowish-green; g. adnate; s. 4-7 cm. yellowish, viscid, glabrous, shining, base villose; sp. 8 × 5.
105. ammoniaca, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1.5-2 cm. conico-exp. umb. naked, discoid, opaque, dark brown or greyish, striate at paler margin; g. adnate; s. even, glabrous, rooting, pallid, 4-5 cm.; sp. ——.
106. M. alcalina differs in tufted habit, viscid stem with yellow tinge of colour.
107. metata, Fr. Smell weak, alkaline, soft. P. obt. striate, hygr. grey—rarely yellowish or pinkish—even, opaque, and whitish when dry; g. adnate, not connected by veins, whitish; s. 4-7 cm. firm, even, glabrous, base fibrillose; sp. ——.
108. cinerea, Mass. and Crossl. Entirely grey, smell strong, like radishes. P. 1.5-2 cm. subgibbous, exp. pale, silky and even when dry; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. glabrous, downy and white at base; sp. 8 × 5; cystidia fusiform.
109. M. leptocephala differs in sulcate p., and M. metata in white gills. M. plumbea has no smell.
110. plicosa, Fr. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. plicato-sulcate, greyish brown, opaque when dry; g. thick, distant, veined, grey; s. 3-4 cm. polished, greyish; sp. globose, 4-5.
111. [subplicosa, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, with distant grooves, almost plicate, glabrous, grey then pallid; g. adnate, whitish; s. rigid, shining, hyaline or livid, base strigose not rooting; sp. 6-8 × 3-5.
112. consimilis, Cke. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. camp. grey, umbo darker, striate to middle, margin upturned and splitting; g. adnexed, grey; s. 2.5-3.5 cm. dry, smooth, paler than p.; sp. ——.
114. More or less resembling several species. M. leptocephala and M. metata differ in strong smell. M. peltata in orbicular plane pileus. M. rugosa differs in rugose pileus.
115. peltata, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. orbicular, soon plane, disc fleshy, blackish brown then grey, margin striate; g. with decurrent tooth, grey; s. 3-4 cm. even, glabrous, base downy; sp. ——.
116. Differs from M. pelliculosa in absence of viscid pellicle.
117. aetites, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. camp.-convex, coarsely striate, hygr. broad obtuse umbo prominent, brownish; g. uncinate, thin, connected by veins; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, shining subcompressed; sp. ——.
118. stannea, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. hygr. grey, even, and tin colour with a silky sheen when dry; g. with decurrent tooth, connected by veins, greyish white; s. 5-7 cm. even, shining, often compressed; sp. ——.
119. Differs from M. vitrea in decurrent tooth to gills.
120. vitrea, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. livid brown, finely striate all over, no trace of umbo or fleshy disc; g. adnate, not connected by veins; s. 6-9 cm. slightly striate, polished, pale, base fibrillose; sp. ——.
121. Differs from M. aetites and M. stanneus in gills not having a decurrent tooth and not connected by veins.
122. tenuis, Bolton. White, tufted. P. 1-1.5 cm. brittle, camp. obtuse, then exp. striate; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. thin, pellucid, glabrous; sp. ——.
123. M. gypsea differs in decurrent tooth of gills, and strigose base of stem.
124. V. Filipedes. Stem very slender, flaccid, rooting, dry, juiceless. Gills discoloured, edge paler.
125. filopes, Bull. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. then exp. striate, livid grey; g. free, white; s. 6-8 cm. flaccid, glabrous, rooting, base downy; sp. ——.
126. iris, B. P. 1-2 cm. exp. obtuse, slightly viscid, striate, blue when young, then brownish with blue fibrils; g. free, tinged grey; s. 3-6 cm. bluish below, tinged brown above, with scattered fascicles of down; sp. ——.
127. amicta, Fr. P. up to 1 cm. conico-camp. greyish, striate to middle, dry, glabrous; g. free, grey; s. 6-10 cm. filiform, tough, downy-pulverulent; sp. ——.
128. plumbea, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex then flattened, obtuse, sulcate, lead colour powdered with white meal; g. adnate horizontal, grey; s. 6-8 cm. elongated, pulverulent, grey, apex hyaline, base strigose, fragile; sp. ——.
129. [ianthina, Fr. P. conical, striate all over, glabrous, lilac; g. broadest in front, greyish-white; s. attenuated, flaccid, glabrous, slightly striate, brownish lilac.
130. Differs from P. pura in persistently conical pileus.
131. urania, Fr. P. camp. then convex, dark violet when young, then blue becoming pale; g. uncinato-adnate, white; s. flaccid, even, glabrous, base rather rooting, floccose.
132. debilis, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp.-convex, striate, whitish or livid then brownish, opaque, rugulose when dry; g. broadly adnate; s. 3-5 cm. flaccid, base fibrillose not rooting; sp. ——.
133. [lasiosperma, Bres. P. striate, grey, umbo darker; g. greyish white; s. white, pruinose, base brownish, strigosely rooting; sp. globose, aculeate.
134. vitilis, Fr. P. 4-7 mm. conical then exp. papillate, deeply striate when moist, brownish or greyish then pale; g. narrowed and adnate, greyish white; s. 6-14 cm. livid, flexile, rooting; sp. ——.
135. Var. amsegetes, Secr. P. conico-campan. everywhere striate; g. not connected by veins, edge entire; s. thicker, short.
136. [latebricola, Karst. P. campan. then plano-convex, disc depr. striate, livid, fuscescent when dry; g. adnato-decurr., whitish; s. filiform, tough, glabrous, pallid, root strigose; sp. ——.
137. [canescens, Weinm. P. hemispher. then plane, subumbil., white then tinged grey; g. adnate, greyish; s. filiform, sooty grey, base fibrillose.
138. collariata, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex, subumb. striate, brownish or greyish then pale; g. adnate to a collar, whitish then tinged pink; s. 2-3 cm. pale, polished, tough; sp. ——.
139. [cimmeria, Fr. P. convex, slightly striate, dry, yellowish brown; g. adnexed, saffron yellow, edge white; s. glabrous, fibrillosely rooting.
140. [cladophylla, Lév. P. camp.-convex, wavy, glabrous, greyish white, shining; g. adnate, branched; s. naked, white, base brownish.
141. [epiphloea, Fr. P. persistently acutely conical, papillate, everywhere striate, whitish, apex tinged brown; g. free, ventricose, distant; s. diaphanous, pallid.
142. [supina, Fr. Small. P. obtuse, striate; g. almost free, ventricose, white; s. short, incurved, tough, glabrous, white.
143. speirea, Fr. P. 1 cm. convex, dark disc becoming depr. greyish with brown lines; g. plane then decurrent, shining white; s. 3-4 cm. tough, polished, fibrillosely rooting; sp. ——.
144. tenella, Fr. Tufted. P. up to 1 cm. obtuse, whitish, pellucid, margin striatulate; g. uncinate, white then pink; s. 2 cm. glabrous, base downy; sp. ——.
145. Caespitose. Altogether white or livid-rosy. Pileus exceedingly delicate.
146. acicula, Schaeff. P. 2-3 mm. camp., orange red, margin striate; g. yellow; s. 2-3 cm. yellowish, base rooting; sp. ——.
147. Pileus at first subumbonate. Gills subovate, almost free, yellow then pale.
149. VI. Lactipedes. Gills and rooting stem dry, giving out milk when broken.
150. haematopoda, Pers. Caespitose. P. 2-4 cm. camp. obtuse, edge denticulate, reddish disc darker; g. adnate, whitish, edge the same; s. 4-5 cm. reddish, white pulverulent, containing dusky red juice.
151. cruenta, Fr. P. 1 cm. conico-camp. margin striate, edge entire, reddish; g. adnate, entirely white; s. 4-7 cm. containing dusky red juice; sp.
152. sanguinolenta, A. and S. P. 1 cm. convexo-camp. striate, reddish, edge darker; s. 3-5 cm. reddish with dark red juice; sp. ——.
153. crocata, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conico-camp. umb. reddish; g. white; s. 7-12 cm. narrowed, downy rooting, containing saffron-red juice; sp. ——.
154. chelidonia, Sow. P. 1 cm. camp. then obtuse, nearly even, pinkish with yellow tinge; g. adnate, tinged yellow; s. 4-5 cm. smooth, rooting, often compr. with yellow juice; sp. 9-10 × 5.
155. galopoda, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. umb. striate sooty or greyish; g. glaucous; s. slender, pallid, fibrillosely rooting, containing white milk; sp. 9-10 × 5.
156. M. leucogala differs in the grey gills.
157. leucogala, Cke. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. umb. sulcate, sooty or purple brown; g. adnate, grey; s. 4-7 cm. dark with whitish down at base, containing a large quantity of white milk; sp. ——.
158. M. pullata and M. atrocyanea differ in having no milk.
159. VII. Glutinipedes. Stem juiceless, viscid or glutinous.
160. epiterygia, Scop. P. 1-2.5 cm. camp. then exp. striate with a separable viscid pellicle, greyish or greenish yellow; g. adnate; s. 5-9 cm. tough, glabrous, viscid, rooting, yellowish; sp. 8-10 × 4-5.
161. Resembling M. alcalina, but no smell.
162. clavicularis, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. striate, dry, not pelliculose, disc becoming depr. brownish, yellowish or pale; g. adnate, white; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, viscid, whitish, base fibrillose; sp. ——.
163. pelliculosa, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex, obtuse, finely striate, viscid pellicle separable, grey or brownish; g. rather fold-like; s. 3-4 cm. glabrous, viscid, livid; sp. ——.
164. Differs from M. vulgaris in separable cuticle.
165. vulgaris, Pers. P. 5-8 mm. convex then depr. with central papilla, viscid brownish or grey with darker lines; g. decur. white; s. viscid, pale, fibrillosely rooting; sp. 5 × 2.5.
166. citrinella, Pers. P. 3-6 mm. viscid, camp. then exp. umb. yellow; g. uncinate, white; s. 2 cm. tough, viscid, yellow; sp. 6-8 × 4-5.
167. plicato-crenata, Fr. P. 1 cm. conical, subumb. coarsely plicate, edge crenate, pale yellow; g. white; s. 3-5 cm. viscid, tinged red or brownish, inside yellow; sp. ——.
169. rorida, Fr. P. up to 1 cm. convex, umbil. sulcate, dry, pale ochre; g. subdecur. white; s. 3-4 cm. whitish, very glutinous; sp. ——.
170. VIII. Basipedes. Stem dry, base expanded into an orbicular disc or bubillose and strigose.
171. stylobates, Pers. White. P. 2-3 mm. obtuse, striate, subpilose; g. free; s. 3-4 cm. filiform, glabrous, inserted on a plane, orbicular, downy, striate disc; sp. 4 × 2.
172. [dilatata, Fr. White. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, edge slightly striate; g. sublinear, connected into a collar; s. filiform, base orbicular, convex, glabrous.
173. var. clavicularis. P. greyish, disc subrotund.
174. tenerrima, B. White. P. 2-3 mm. convex, scurfy; g. free; s. 2-3 cm. minutely hairy below, fixed by a minute downy disc; sp. subgl. 3-4.
175. discopoda, Lév. White. P. 2-3 mm. conical, obtuse, with white meal; g. adnate, distant; s. 2-3 mm. mealy, expanding at base into a minute downy disc; sp. ——.
176. saccharifera, B. & Br. Whitish. P. 2-3 mm. convex; g. arcuately decur. dusted with shining particles; s. 3-4 mm. filiform, minute disc fixed by filaments; sp. ——.
177. var. eclectica, Buck. White. P. sulcate, and like gills and stem, sparkling with granules.
178. [mammillata, Pass. P. conico-campan. mammilate, sulcate, glabrous, shining white then greyish; g. adnate, broad; s. floccose below, base ending in a flat orbicular disc.
179. [mucor, Batsch. Minute, fugacious. P. plicate, grey; g. adnate, distant, greyish white; s. hyaline, white, inserted in an orbicular disc.
180. [echinipes, Lasch. Minute, white. P. camp. hyaline, striate; g. thick, distant; s. thickish, glabrous, base slightly bulbous, hairy.
181. pterigena, Fr. Pale rose colour. P. 1-2 mm. camp. obtuse; g. adnate, broad, distant; s. 4-6 mm. thin, wavy, smooth, ending in a radially strigose disc; sp. ——.
182. [trachelina, Fr. P. brown, fibrillose; g. adnate, broad floccoso-fimbriate; s. villosely squamulose, bulbillose, strigosely rooting.
183. [cyanorhiza, Q. P. striate, greyish white; g. broad, whitish; s. greyish white, base somewhat swollen, hairy, blue.
184. IX. Insititiae. Stem very slender, not rooting nor attached by a disc but penetrating the substratum abruptly. Gills adnate.
185. corticola, Fr. P. 3-6 mm. obtuse, umbil. sulcate, blackish, brown, grey, &c.; g. adnate, broad; s. 1.5 cm. slender, incurved, minutely scurfy; sp. ——.
187. hiemalis, Osbeck. P. 4-7 mm. camp. umb. striate, pinkish, rufescent, white, &c., often pruinose; g. narrow; s. 2-3 cm. curved, base downy; sp. 7-8 × 3.
188. Differs from M. corticola in narrow gills, and striate not sulcate pileus.
189. codoniceps, Cke. P. 2-3 mm. high and 1.5 mm. broad, pale umber, not exp. sulcate, delicately hairy; g. adnate; s. 4-7 mm. umber below; sp. 5 × 2.5.
190. setosa, Sow. White. P. 1 mm. obtuse, smooth, g. almost free; s. 2-3 cm. slender, covered with delicate spreading hairs; sp. ——.
191. capillaris, Fr. White. P. 2 mm. camp. obtuse, then umbil.; g. adnate, few; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. hair-like, wavy, glabrous; sp. 7-8 × 4.
192. [stipularis, Fr. Very minute and delicate. P. convex subumbil. rosy, as are also the gills; s. downy, yellowish.
193. juncicola, Fr. P. 2-3 mm. striate, glabrous, rufescent or rosy; g. adnate, distant; s. 1-1.5 cm. glabrous, fuscous; sp. ——.

COLLYBIA, Fr.

1. A. Gills white or clear coloured, not grey; flesh white.
   1. I. Striaepedes. Stem stout, hollow or loosely stuffed, sulcate or fibrillosely striate.
      1. * Gills white, rather distant.
      2. radicata, Relh. P. 3-7 cm. exp. gibbous, rugose, viscid, brownish ochre; g. distant, white; s. 10-18 cm. attenuated upwards, glabrous, rooting; 14-15 × 8-9.
      3. longipes, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. exp. umb. dry, minutely velvety, pale brown; s. 8-12 cm. velvety, with a rooting base, brownish; sp. ——.
      4. Differs from C. velutipes in dry, velvety pileus.
      5. veluticeps, Rea. P. 3-6 cm. velvety, tawny; g. sinnato-adnate, deep ochre; st. 4-7 cm. fusiform, striate, slightly velvety, with rhizomorphic mycelium; sp. 7-8 × 3-4.
      6. Caespitose.
      7. [elevata, Weinm. P. tough, exp. subfibrillose, umbo evanescent, greyish white, shining, floccosely scaly; g. shining white then dingy; s. long, striate, abruptly rooting.
      8. platyphylla, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. exp. obtuse, moist, fibrillosely virgate, brown or greyish; g. truncate behind, white; s. 7-10 cm. striate, pallid, base abrupt, with cord-like strands of mycelium; sp. 9-10 × 6.
      9. var. repens, Ach. P. depr.; s. hollow, compr. apex pruinose, rhizomorphic mycelium copious, anastomosing.
      10. semitalis, Fr. P. 3-8 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, moist, sooty or livid ochraceous, pale when dry; g. white, blackish when bruised, finally obscure; s. 2-4 cm. fibrillose, with a thin cartilaginous cuticle, brownish or grey; sp. 7-9 × 4-5.
      11. [lentiniformis, Karst. P. convexo-plane, umbil. or depr. irreg. even, glabrous, rufescent; g. almost free, crowded, white then spotted black; s. apex thickened and silky, whitish, blackish when bruised; sp. 10-11 × 4-6.
      12. Resembling Lentinus cochleatus in form and colour.
      13. [concolor, Del. White then tan. P. umboniform then exp. even, rarely scaly; g. adnexed, pallescent; s. solid, equal, glabrous.
      14. [loripes, Fr. Caespitose. P. exp. flexuose, lax, yellowish rufous, even, glabrous; g. white then sulphur yellow; s. pallid, flexuous, fibrillosely striate.
      15. [aerina, Q. P. flexuous, tomentose, coppery olive; g. distant, yellow; s. striate, orange yellow.
      16. fusipes, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. exp. umbo at length disappearing, rufous or dingy tan, often cracked; g. adnexed, white then dingy; s. 7-10 cm. ventricose, grooved, rooting, glabrous, cartilaginous; sp. 5-6 × 3-4.
      17. Tufted. Edible.
      18. var. oedematopa, Schaeff. Subcaespitose, p. conical then flattened, rufous bay; g. pallid; s. ventricose, fibrillosely pulverulent.
      19. var. contorta, Bull. Caespitoso-connate, pileus and twisted stem thinner; g. crowded, white.
      20. lancipes, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. umb. radiately rugulose, margin striate, pale flesh colour then pallid; g. connected by veins, tinged flesh colour; s. 4-6 cm. striate, narrowed towards rooting base; sp. ——.
      21. Differs from C. fusipes in rugulose pileus, and in growing singly.
      22. mimica, W. G. Sm. Smell strong, fishy. P. 2-3 cm. obtuse, with separable cuticle, dingy ochraceous, as are the broad g.; s. narrowed towards base, ochraceous, 4-5 cm.; sp. 8 × 4-5.
      23. ** Gills crowded, narrow.
      24. maculata, A. & S. White; P. 5-10 cm. obtuse, compact, becoming spotted with rust colour; g. free, closely crowded; s. 7-12 cm. more or less ventricose, grooved, narrowed below, spotted rusty; subgl. 4-6.
      25. var. immaculata, Cke. Not becoming spotted; g. minutely serrulate.
      26. var. scorzonera, Batsch. Smaller, yellowish, stem long, rooting, often wavy; g. yellowish.
      27. [serpentina, Otth. P. campan. yellowish white, glabrous, somewhat shining, whitish, edge involute, white-fibrillose; g. crenulate, whitish, becoming tinged red; s. whitish, striate, silky shining, hollow, ending in a long contorted serpentine root running amongst leaves.
      28. prolixa, Fl. Dan. P. 7-10 cm. lax, exp. gibbous, even, glabrous, tawny or brick red tinge; g. free, crowded, narrow, not spotted; s. solid, subequal, not rooting, sulcate, brick-red, 7-9 cm.; sp. 8-9 × 5.
      29. distorta, Fr. P. lax, 6-8 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, even, bay then pale; g. narrow, much crowded, soon spotted red; s. 6-8 cm. narrowed from ventricose base, sulcate, more or less twisted, pallid; sp. 6-7 × 4.
      30. butyracea, Bull. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umb. even, glabrous, moist and shining, reddish brown then pallid, flesh whitish; g. crenulate; s. 5-8 cm. conical, striate, rufous; sp. 7-9 × 4-5.
      31. var. bibulosa, Mass. P. dingy olive at first.
      32. var. aurorea, Larb. P. thinner, edge striate, flesh rufescent; s. hollow.
      33. [funicularis, Karst. (= Coll. dryophila, var. funicularis, Fr.). P. rufous then pale, even; g. sulphur then pale; s. sulcate, apex thickened, curved, yellowish white; sp. 6 × 2-3.
      34. [phaeopodia, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, moist, umbo evanescent, flesh brownish, fuscous brown; g. white; s. blackish brown, thickened at both ends.
      35. [epipphia, Fr. P. discoid, viscid, striate to middle; g. white, connected by veins; s. narrowed upwards, striate, white.
      36. [asema, Weinm. P. thin, umb. hygr. livid, whitish when dry, flesh watery, horny-grey near gills; g. crowded, entire, whitish; s. striate, livid.
      37. stridula, Fr. P. soft, soon exp. even, moist, hygr. blackish then pale; g. arcuato-adnexed, white; s. fibrilloso-striate, livid brown.
      38. Distinguished from Trich. melaleucum by the dark stem.
      39. [pulla, Schaeff. P. campan.-exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, hygr. purple bay then pallid fuscous; g. transversely pellucidly striate, whitish; s. twisted, soft.
      40. xylophila, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. lax, campan. then exp. gibbous, disc brownish tan, rest paler; g. adnate, very narrow, much crowded; s. 4-5 cm. subflexuous, fibrillose, whitish; 4 × 2.5.
      41. Caespitose. C. confluens and C. ingrata differ in downy stem.
      42. [jurana, Q. P. thin, fleshy-buff colour, white floccose, margin crenulate; g. whitish tinged flesh colour; s. fibrillose, whitish.
      43. [ramosa, Bull. Pure white. P. exp. disc depr. slightly striate; g. crowded; s. stuffed, subequal, rooting, glabrous.
      44. [strumosa, Fr. White. P. wavy, glabrous, margin at first incurved and downy; g. crowded; s. hollow, equal, flexuous, surface crisped and wavy, striate.
      45. [globularis, Weinm. White. P. globose, disc becoming plane and umbil., edge roundly incurved; g. adnate, crowded, broad; s. apex flocculose, base tomentose.
   2. II. Vestipedes. Stem thin, equal, fistulose or medullate, even, velvety, floccose or pruinose.
      1. * Gills broad, rather distant.
      2. velutipes, Fr. 3-7 cm. exp. viscid, yellow, glabrous; g. yellowish; s. 5-10 cm. velvety, blackish brown below, rooting; sp. 7 × 3-3.5.
      3. var. rubescens, Cke. P. tawny; g. ochraceous.
      4. var. lactea, Q. P. white; g. broad; s. velvety.
      5. laxipes, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. obtuse, glabrous, moist, whitish; g. distant; s. 6-12 cm. lax, stuffed, with rufous velvety down; sp. ——.
      6. Much smaller and slenderer than C. velutipes.
      7. [declinis, Weinm. P. conico-campan. umb. moist, at length rivulose, pale fuscous; g. scarcely adnexed, pallid, edge floccoso-crenulate; s. white, apex flocculoso-pulverulent.
      8. [Benoistii, Boud. Soft. P. convex then plane, rather hygr. dark purple-bay then paler, edge striate, pellucid; g. nearly free, whitish then tinged purple-bay; s. bay, apex paler and scurfy, pale flocculose; flesh coloured.
      9. floccipes, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex, umb. even, sooty brown then pale; g. thick; s. 3-5 cm. whitish and rough with minute black points, rooting; sp. ——.
      10. [trochila, Lasch. P. convex, glabrous, umbilicately depr. discoid, hyalino-striate, pallid fuscous; g. adnate, narrow; s. long, rigid, blackish brown.
      11. vertiruga, Cke. P. 1-2 cm. subpulverulent, exp. dull brown or grey, radially wrinkled; g. adnate; s. 4-6 cm. tawny, minutely velvety, base strigose; sp. ——.
      12. Differs from C. stipitaria in adnate gills and dingy pileus.
      13. stipitaria, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. umb. velvety-squamulose, whitish with brown fibrils; g. ventricose; s. 2.5-5 cm. bay, fibrillose or hairy; sp. ——.
      14. [Sobolewski, Weinm. P. thin, hemispher. obtusely umb. white-pulverulent, shining white then tinged rosy; g. free; s. slender, tinged fuscescent, shining, white-fibrillose.
      15. [alumna, Schum. White. P. thin, globose-campan. exp. glabrous, striate; g. adnate, broad; s. subulate from thickened base, downy below.
      16. Habitat on fungi like C. tuberosa, from which it differs in adnate gills.
      17. ** Gills very narrow, closely crowded.
      18. hariolorum, Bull. P. 2-5 cm. exp. glabrous, dingy tan; g. white then pallid; s. 5-7 cm. narrowed upwards, rufescent, woolly-hirsute; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
      20. confluens, Pers. P. 2-4 cm. obtuse, flaccid, glabrous, rufescent then pallid; g. closely crowded; s. 6-12 cm. more or less compressed, rufous, everywhere with white down; sp. subgl. 7-9.
      21. Differs from C. hariolorum in densely tufted habit.
      22. ingrata, Schum. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umb. even, brownish tan; g. free, pallid; s. 5-10 cm. twisted, subcompressed, with white meal above, umber and naked below, equal; sp. ——.
      23. [lilacea, Q. Subtomentose, lilac; p. thin, hoary; g. amethyst; s. slender, base with white down.
      24. [lupuletora, Weinm. P. exp. depr. even, glabrous, livid or pale tan then pallid; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. not rooting, white and pulverulently scaly above, brownish, glabrous, and narrowed below.
      25. [foetidissima, Gill. Smell extremely foetid. P. convex, umbil. wavy, yellowish white; g. whitish; s. white.
      26. [orbicularis, Secr. P. exp. umb. brown, disc with small viscid blackish warts; g. adnexed, crowded; s. rufescent with white meal.
      27. [myosura, Fr. P. orbicular, exp. obtuse, rufous, becoming pale; g. free, much crowded; s. rufescent, apex powdered, root long, glabrous.
      28. conigena, Pers. 1-2 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, reddish-yellow or pale; g. free, much crowded, pallid; s. 3-7 cm. pulverulent, pallid, base strigose, rooting; sp. 4-5 × 3.
      29. Differs from C. tenacella and C. esculenta in free, crowded, narrow gills.
      30. var. lutea, Vogl. P. yellow; g. densely crowded, white.
      31. cirrhata, Fr. 1-1.5 cm. exp. at length umbilicate, silky, opaque, white; g. adnate; s. 2-5 cm. slender, wavy, whitish, with a downy root; sp. 4-5 × 2-3.
      32. Differs from C. conigena in adnate gills, and from C. tuberosa in downy rooting stem not springing from a sclerotium.
      33. tuberosa, Bull. P. about 1 cm. white, exp. umb. even; g. adnate; s. 1.5-4 cm. thin, white, root glabrous and springing from a sclerotium; sp. 4-6 × 2-3.
      34. racemosa, Pers. P. up to 1 cm. convex, papillate, grey, subtomentose; g. adnate; s. 3-5 cm. base dark, springing from a blackish sclerotium; several minute stems with abortive pilei often spring from the stem; sp. ——.
   3. III. Laevipes. Stem thin, equal, fistulose, naked, glabrous (except base), not conspicuously striate.
      1. * Gills broad, lax, usually more or less distant.
      2. collina, Scop. P. 2-5 cm. exp. umb., brownish then pale; g. adnexed then free; s. 6-10 cm. equal, even, glabrous, base abrupt, downy; sp. ——.
      4. thelephora, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-3 cm. camp. lax, umb. apiculate, dingy ochraceous, disc darker; g. adnate; s. 6-10 cm. equal, hollow, glabrous, base dark; sp. 9 × 7.
      5. ventricosa, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. camp. umb. glabrous, pale tan; g. with rufous tinge; s. 6-10 cm. rufescent, base ventricose, rooting; sp. ——.
      6. Differs from C. dryophila in ventricose, rooting stem.
      7. leucomyosotis, Cke. Strong scented, rather fragrant. P. 2-3 cm. exp. grey then paler; g. adnate, sinuate, white; s. 8-12 cm. equal, brittle, pallid; sp. 6 × 4.
      8. Stevensoni, B. and Br. P. 1-1.5 cm. obtuse, viscid, pale yellow; g. broadly adnate, broad, white; s. 2-3 cm. rufous, equal, fibrillose, rooting; sp. 10-11 × 7-8.
      9. Differs from C. esculenta in broad, adnate gills.
      10. psathyroides, Cke. Ivory white. P. 1.5-2 cm. broad and nearly 2.5 cm. high, camp. obtuse, rather viscid; g. broadly adnate, broad; s. 6-10 cm. equal, straight, hollow; sp. 15 × 7.
      11. xanthopoda, Fr. P. 2.5 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, lax, yellow or tan colour then pale; g. truncate behind; s. 6-10 cm. equal, hollow, tough, glabrous, yellowish, strigosely rooting; sp. ——.
      12. Differs from C. dryophila in umbo, broad gills, and strigosely rooting stem.
      13. nitellina, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. even, shining, tawny, hygroph.; g. adnate, white then tinted; s. 5-8 cm. equal, rigid, glabrous, tawny; sp. ——.
      14. succinea, Fr. P. 2-2.5 cm. even, exp. then subdepressed, pale rufous, often cracked; g. adnexed, broad, thickish, serrulate; s. 2-4 cm. polished, rufescent, not rooting; sp. ——.
      15. Differs from C. dryophila by broader, thicker, less crowded gills, and from C. xanthopoda by absence of an umbo.
      16. nummularia, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subdepressed round small umbo, pallid; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. glabrous, pallid, apex thickened; sp. ——.
      17. esculenta, Wulf. P. 1-2 cm. orbicular, exp. obtuse, glabrous, pallid tan; g. adnate, lax, whitish; s. 2.5 cm. indistinctly hollow, even, polished, yellowish tan, rooting, base glabrous; sp. ——.
      18. C. tenacella differs in fibrillose rooting base, and snow-white gills.
      19. tenacella, Pers. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. subumb. even, glabrous, brownish then pale; g. broad, snow-white; s. 5-10 cm. narrowly fistulose, straight, even, glabrous, tawny, long root strigose; sp. 5-6 × 3.
      20. var. stolonifer, Jungh. P. springing from a long, creeping, cord-like mycelium.
      21. eustygia, Cke. Smell of rancid meal. P. 2-4 cm. exp. subdepr. often wavy, whitish, shining when dry; g. dark grey; s. 4-7 cm. white above and sprinkled with pointed scales; darker below, rooting; sp. subgl. 4-5.
      22. [rhodella, Pat. P. thin, convexo-plane, reddish-brown, disc rugulose, edge striate; g. adnate, distant, white, tinged pink; s. tinged brown, twisted, wavy.
      23. retigera, Bres. P. 3-6 cm. campan.-exp. umb. dry, glabrous, fuscous-grey then pale, centre somewhat tawny, raised veins forming a network on the surface; g. broad, edge paler, fimbriate; s. 4-6 cm. pallid, whitish fibrillose, often compressed, somewhat rooting; sp. ——.
      24. [plumipes, Kalchb. P. campan. exp. subumb. slightly innato-fibrillose, livid fuscous, shining; g. broad, white; s. glabrous, white, base fibrilloso-strigose.
      25. Differs from C. conigena in glabrous s. and broad g.
      26. [planipes, Brig. Caespitose. P. orbicular, exp. rather viscid, bay; g. free; s. colour of p., rooting.
      27. [Gussonei, Inzeng. P. convex, subumb., rather striate, brick-red, edge dingy yellow; g. adnate, broad, crimson; s. compr. ochre with a crimson zone.
      28. ** Gills narrow, crowded.
      29. acervata, Fr. Caespitose. P. 4-7 cm. exp. obtuse, then umb., reddish then pale; g. free, narrow, closely crowded; s. 4-9 cm. equal, glabrous, rufous, base downy, rooting; sp. 7-8 × 3.5.
      30. Differs from C. confluens in glabrous stem, and from Marasmius erythropus in narrow, closely crowded gills.
      31. dryophila, Bull. P. 2.5 cm. obtuse, then subdepr. reddish or pale tan, even; g. sinuate, crowded, narrow; s. 2-4 cm. hollow, glabrous, rufescent or yellowish; sp. 7-8 × 4.
      32. aquosa, Fr. Every part honey-colour. P. 2-2.5 cm. obtuse, hygr. margin striate; g. rounded and free, crowded; s. 3-6 cm. polished, surface slightly wavy; sp. 6 × 4.
      33. var. Bulliardii. P. reddish ochre then pale; s. tawny.
      34. extuberans, Fr. P. 2-3.5 cm. exp. umb. prominent, bay or umber; g. crowded, narrow; s. 4-7 cm. equal, straight, glabrous, pallid, rooting; sp. ——.
      35. exsculpta, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umbilicate, persistently tawny brown; g. closely crowded, sulphur-yellow; s. 2-3 cm. yellow; sp. ——.
      36. [luteifolia, Gill. P. exp. edge lobed, irreg. reddish or cinnamon; g. sulphur yellow; s. glabrous, colour of p.
      37. [cinnamomaeifolia, Gill. P. convex, subdepr. with a slight umbo, whitish yellow; g. crowded, pale cinnamon; s. reddish.
      38. macilenta, Fr. Entirely yellow. P. 2-2.5 cm. obtuse, even, glabrous; g. linear; s. minutely fistulose, glabrous, tough, rooting, 2-3 cm.; sp. 5-6 × 3.
      39. clavus, L. P. 2-6 mm. obtuse, even, orange-red, shining; g. crowded, white; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. very slender, whitish, glabrous; sp. 4 × 2.5.
      40. Mycena acicula differs in yellow gills and rooting stem.
      42. ocellata, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. disc depr. round pale small umbo, rufous or yellowish; g. crowded, white; s. 3-5 cm. slender, tough, glabrous, tinged fuscous, base rooting, fibrillose; sp. ——.
      43. Distinguished from C. cirrhata by glabrous stem.
      44. [floridula, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, slightly striate, tinged flesh colour then pale; g. pale rose colour; s. pellucid, white.
      45. [Micheliana, Fr. Pure white. P. obtuse, margin slightly striate; g. adnexed, crowded; s. thin, glabrous, base slightly thickened.
      46. muscigena, Schum. Pure white. P. 2-4 mm. obtuse, even; g. adnate; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. very slender, wavy, equal, glabrous; sp. ——.
      47. Known from small sp. of Mycena by the broadly adnate gills and even pileus.
      48. [ludia, Fr. Pure white. P. subumb. exp. revolute, undulate and irreg. lobed, even; g. rather distant; s. slender, wavy, naked, root creeping, branched, fibrillose.
2. B. Gills grey.
   1. IV. Tephrophanae. Brown or greyish.
      1. * Gills crowded, rather narrow.
      2. rancida, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-5 cm. umb. dusky grey with a white silkiness; g. free, narrow, grey; s. 7-12 cm. glabrous, grey, rooting; sp. 7-10 × 4-5.
      3. Distinguished among strong-smelling species by the rooting stem.
      4. [ignobilis, Karst. P. plane, subdepr. edge spreading, livid, hoary, pale when dry; g. crowded, dingy pallid; s. livid, floccosely pruinose; sp. 7-8 × 4.
      5. [daemonica, Karst. P. convex then exp. subumb. glabrous, rather virgate, livid fuscous, disc blackish, pale when dry; g. adnate, crowded, smoky, blackish when bruised; s. equal, glabrous, wavy, fibrillosely striate, pallid, apex white flocculose; sp. 8-10 × 4-5.
      6. coracina, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-3 cm. exp. naked, hygr. brownish then grey; g. greyish-white; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, rigid, not rooting, brown, apex mealy-squamulose; sp. ——.
      7. Differs from C. rancida in the short stem thickened at base, and not rooting; C. ozes differs from present in long, slender, flexuous stem.
      8. ozes, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-5 cm. exp. umb. naked, glabrous, hygr. margin striate, greyish brown; g. adnexed, grey then olive; s. 6-10 cm. subflexuous, slender, fragile, slightly striate, grey, apex with white meal; sp. ——.
      9. C. rancida differs in free gills and rooting stem.
      10. [mephitica, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. subumb. even, adpressedly innately silky, whitish; g. obtusely adnate, crowded, whitish; s. filiform, obsoletely fistulose, tough, grey, pruinosely velvety.
      12. inolens, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, livid or pale tan; g. adnexed, greyish-white; s. 5-9 cm. livid, undulate, base white-strigose, apex white squamulose; sp. 7-8 × 4-5.
      13. C. plexipes and C. protracta differ in having the stem glabrous at the apex.
      14. plexipes, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. camp. rather rugulose, slightly striate, glabrous, sooty; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. livid, silky fibrillose, rooting; sp. 8-9 × 5.
      15. Differs from C. protracta in free gills.
      16. [miser, Fr. P. subumb. glabrous, margin striate; g. adnate, grey; s. fuscous, apex mealy.
      17. [atramentosa, Kalchb. P. exp. subumb. rugulose, livid then sooty, flesh black; g. narrow, becoming blackish; s. naked, colour of p.
      18. [fuliginaria, Weinm. P. fuscous, with down; g. glaucous; s. fuscous, flocculose.
      19. atrata, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. pitch-black then brown, even, exp. or depr. margin arched; g. adnate; s. 2-2.5 cm. even, glabrous, brown outside and inside; sp. ——.
      20. ambusta, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. papillate, slightly striate, glabrous, livid brown; g. adnate, tinged fuscous; s. 1.5-2 cm. somewhat stuffed, tough, livid; sp. 5-6 × 3-4.
      21. Differs from C. atrata in umbonate pileus.
      22. ** Gills very broad, more or less distant.
      23. lacerata, Lasch. P. 2.5-3.5 cm. camp. moist, streaked dark brown on pale ground; g. adnexed, broad, thick, greyish; s. 5-9 cm. twisted, fibrous, apex floccose; sp. ——.
      24. [phalliodorus, Alex. Foetid, convex, subumbilicate, at length lobed, dingy ochraceous; g. adnate, white; s. glabrous.
      25. murina, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umbilicate, glabrous then rugulosely squamulose, dark brown then pale; g. slightly adnexed, broad; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, cylindrical, not rooting, grey; sp. 7 × 4.
      26. Somewhat resembling C. atrata, differing in very broad almost free gills.
      27. [glacialis, Fr. P. watery, fragile, obtuse, dusky fuscous then pale; g. free, grey; s. grey, naked.
      28. protracta, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. shining, disc fleshy, depressed, subpapillate, greyish brown, margin striate; g. broad, grey; s. 5-7 cm. glabrous, root long fibrillosely strigose; sp. ——.
      29. tesquorum, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. plane, obtuse, even, blackish then pale; g. free, greyish brown; s. 3-5 cm. thin, brown, apex pruinose; sp. ——.
      30. [cessans, Karst. P. exp. then depr. glabrous, striate, pallid fuscous then pale and hoary, sublubricous; g. adnate, then adnato-decur. connected by veins, whitish; s. solid, pallid, apex pruinose.
      32. clusilis, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. umbilicate, glabrous, hygr. livid then pale; g. arcuately adfixed, semicircular, broad; s. 2-4 cm. glabrous, pallid, not rooting; sp. ——.
      33. Differs from C. tylicolor and C. nummularia in umbilicate pileus, and decurrent tooth to gills.
      34. [erosa, Fr. P. exp. striate, hygr. silky when dry, grey; g. broadly emarginate, greyish; s. greyish-white, glabrous.
      35. tylicolor, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. subumb. even, glabrous, bluish-grey, with white meal when young; g. free, distant, broad, grey; s. 2-3 cm. pulverulent, grey; sp. ——.

Introduced species.

Dorotheae, B. P. 2 cm. globose then exp. subumb. dark brown then paler, sulcate, squarroso-setulose; g. white, distant; s. 5-6 cm. slender, minutely discoid at base, granulated like pileus and beset with white bristles.

caldarii, B. P. 1 cm. hemispherical, umb. brown, rugose; g. grey; s. 4-5 cm. pale grey, cartilaginous; sp. ——.

MARASMIUS, Fr.