1. * Pileus coloured.
  2. vaginata, Bull. P. 6-10 cm. plane, margin striate, grey, yellow, brown, or white; g. pallid; s. 10-12 cm. narrowed upwards, minutely squamulose, volva large, margin free; sp. 10 × 7-8.
  3. The grey form is edible, the brown form is unpalatable.
  4. strangulata, Fr. P. 8-10 cm. soon plane, livid-bay or grey, with patches of the volva, margin striate; g. free, white; s. 10-14 cm. stout, thinner upwards, pale, volva breaking up and forming 2-4 ring-like ridges on the stem; sp. 9-15 × 7.
  5. Perhaps a vigorous form of A. vaginata.
  6. [urceolata, Viv. P. thin, hemispher. then slightly depr. umb. viscid, mouse-colour, edge striate; g. adnate, shining white; s. white, even, naked, volva urceolate.
  7. [friabilis, Karst. P. exp. thin, rather viscid, greyish, edge sulcate, with broad crowded warts or scales; g. free, white, edge darker, crenulate; s. conical, everywhere floccosely scaly, white or greyish; volva broken up into fragments; sp. glob. 11-12.
  8. Differs from A. vaginata in smaller size and imperfect volva.
  9. [praetoria, Paul. P. thin, campan. then exp. naked, pectinately sulcate, maroon or brownish; g. annulato-adnexed; s. ventricose, volva large, lax.
  10. lenticularis, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. globose, then convex, even, naked, reddish-tan; g. free, crowded, pallid; s. 10-14 cm. subbulbous, white, ring large; sp. ——.
  11. [Godeyi, Gillet. P. pale honey-colour, naked, striate; g. free, crowded; s. cylind., volva large, torn; sp. 15-18 long.
  12. [scobinella, Trog. P. exp. fuscescent, pellicle broken up into minute, deciduous, darker wart-like squamules, near margin even and silky; g. white; s. conical, base white-squamulose.
  14. [gemmata, Paul. Exp. vermilion with angular warts; g. pure white; s. solid, bulbous, whitish, no distinct volva.
  15. adnata, W. G. Sm. P. 6-8 cm. yellowish-buff with patches of the volva; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. 5-9 cm. fibrillose, buff, volva almost obsolete; sp. subglobose, 7-8.
  16. [insidiosa, Letell. P. exp. even, glabrous, lurid, greenish-olive, &c.; g. free, white; s. solid, slightly thinner upwards, edge of volva free; sp. ——.
  17. Differs from A. baccata in even p. and free margin of volva. Fries suggests A. phalloides without the ring.
  18. [Bresadolae, Sacc. Volva subglobose, not sheathing, edge stellate, tinged brown; p. exp. glabrous, whitish, often with angular umber warts; g. almost free, whitish; s. cylindr. whitish; sp. subg. 5-7.
  19. Superficially resembles Volvaria parvula.
  20. ** Pileus white.
  21. [leiocephala, D. C. Shining white. P. convex then plane, silky, edge even; g. free; s. solid, short, firm, volva very large, lax.
  22. [cygnea, Schulz. White. P. soon plane; g. attenuato-adnexed; s. clothed with adnate patches above the ample sheathing volva.
  23. [hyperborea, Karst. (= Ag. gemmatus var. lapponicus Karst.). Entirely white. P. thin, convex, exp. covered with angular warts, edge pectinato-sulcate; g. free, shining white; s. bulbous, attenuated upwards, ring absent; sp. glob. 10-14.
  24. Perhaps a var. of A. vaginatus.
  25. [leccina, Scop. P. exp. obtuse, naked, whitish or yellowish, edge even; g. adnate; s. equal, edge of ring reddish; sp. 10 × 6.
  26. [baccata, Fr. P. white, covered with globose warts; g. free; s. equal, volva obtusely marginate; sp. 11 × 7.
  27. [Boudieri, Barla. P. globose then exp. or depr., satiny, white, disc tinged, warted, edge even; g. broad, white then tinged yellow, subadnexed; s. long, subcylindrical, white and scurfy at apex, rest yellowish-white, bulb turbinate, volva obliterated, brownish, ring thin, caducous; sp. ellipsoid, elongated.
  28. Differs from A. baccata in longer sp.

LEPIOTA, Fr.

  1. A. Epidermis dry.
    1. * Ring free, distinct from the volva.
    2. procera, Scop. P. soon expanded, umbonate, with brownish scales, 10-25 cm.; g. free, crowded; s. 12-20 cm., base thickened, brownish, transversely cracked, ring free; sp. 12-15 × 8-9. Edible.
    3. rachodes, Vitt. P. 10-18 cm. soon expanded, not umbonate, with brown scales, flesh brownish when broken; gills free; s. white, not cracked, 12-15 cm., ring free; sp. 14 × 8. Edible.
    4. Differs from L. procera in the flesh turning brown when cut.
    5. var. puellaris, Fr. Small, entirely white, stem flocculose.
    6. [Olivieri, Barla. P. convex, then exp. or depr., whitish tinged fawn at disc, covered with fawn adpr. fibrillose scales; g. broad, free yellowish-white; s. whitish, base swollen, ring cottony, caducous; flesh white, brick-red then brownish when broken.
    7. Allied to L. rachodes with which it agrees in size.
    8. prominens, Viv. P. 4-6 cm., umbo very strong, ochraceous, scaly; g. white; s. 9-15 cm. slender, base swollen, ring free; sp. 10 × 8.
    9. permixta, Barla. P. convex, more or less umb. campan. then exp. silky, greyish fawn, centre darker, with adpr. brown scales and becoming deprived of cuticle at edge; g. pale wax or tinged red; s. cylindr. dingy white cracked into brown adpr. scales, base swollen, ring brownish; flesh reddish when broken.
    10. Resembles L. procera in size and marking of s.; L. rachodes in flesh becoming red; and L. excoriata in having border deprived of cuticle.
    11. [molybdites, Mey. P. globose then campan. broken into crustaceous scales up to middle; g. remote, white then tinged blue; s. hollow, blackish-brown, bulbous, ring equal.
    12. An introduced species.
    13. excoriata, Schaeff. P. globose then plane, 5-8 cm. bistre or whitish, silky or squamulose; g. free; s. cylindrical, white, 5-8 cm. hollow, ring free; sp. 14-15 × 8-9.
    14. L. naucina differs in the fragmentary ring.
    15. [carneifolia, Gill. P. fleshy, exp. brown or purple brown, glabrous then minutely broken up into fascicles of fibrils; g. fleshy, crowded, distant from s.; s. white, fibrillose, thickened at base, ring large, soon free.
    16. densifolia, Gill. P. obtuse, white, soon broken up into adpressed fibrillose scales; g. closely crowded, thin, white, broadest in front; s. white, shining, ring free.
    17. gracilenta, Kromb. P. soon expanded, obtusely umbonate, 5-8 cm., brown patches on white ground; g. free, broad; s. thickened at base, 12-16 cm., white, ring floccose, disappearing; sp. 10-11 × 7.5.
    18. Differs from L. procera in smaller size and more especially in the fugacious ring. L. prominens differs in very large umbo and permanent, free ring.
    19. mastoidea, Fr. Entirely whitish. P. 3-5 cm. with small disappearing warts; g. free; s. narrow up from bulbous base, 5-8 cm., ring free; sp. 7-8 × 5.
    20. The smallest species of the present section. Like L. gracilenta in miniature.
    22. ** Ring fixed, homogeneous with the universal veil clothing the stem.
    23. Friesii, Lasch. P. 8-12 cm. expanded, subumb. with adpressed, tomentose brown scales; g. free, crowded; s. 8-12 cm. subbulbous, scaly, brownish, ring pendulous; sp. 8-9 × 5.
    24. acutesquamosa, Weinm. P. 9-12 cm. convex, obtuse, pale rusty with numerous small pointed warts; g. free, crowded; s. 8-10 cm. narrowed from swollen base, white with rusty scales below, ring large; sp. 7-8 × 4.
    25. Differs from L. Friesii in rigid deciduous warts, and broad gills very close to stem.
    26. Badhami, Berk. P. 5-8 cm. expanded, obtuse, squamulose, dark brown, cracked into patches, flesh like that of stem saffron-red when broken; g. free; s. 6-8 cm. bulbous, whitish, ring rather loose; sp. 5 × 3.
    27. emplastra, Cke. and Mass. P. 5-8 cm. convex, glabrous, dark brown, cracked and showing white ground; g. free; s. 7-9 cm. whitish, ring brown outside; sp. 18-20 × 10-12.
    28. Differs from L. Badhami in glabrous pileus and larger spores.
    29. meleagris, Sow. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane, minute black scales on a pale ground, flesh becoming red; g. free; s. 3-6 cm., with blackish squamules, stuffed, ring obsolete; sp. 6-7 × 4.
    30. biornata, B. and Br. P. 2-4 cm. convex, white tinged yellow, sprinkled with red scales; g. free; s. 6-9 cm. long, ventricose, white spotted red as is also the ring; sp. 8-9 × 6.
    31. hispida, Lasch. P. 5-7 cm. soon expanded, umb. tawny-brown, tomentose then hispid; g. free, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. floccosely-scaly up to ring, tawny; sp. 6-7 × 4.
    32. [lignicola, Karst. P. exp. whitish- or yellowish-rusty, with innate, erect, rusty concentric scales, edge fibrillose; g. crowded, free, edge crenulate; s. curved, rusty, squamulose up to obsolete ring; sp. 4-5 × 3-4.
    33. Superficially resembles Phol. squarrosa.
    34. [helveola, Bres. P. exp. umb. scaly, reddish-brown; g. free, ventricose, white; s. white then fawn, ring white. Poisonous.
    35. [Boudieri, Bres. Subcaespitose. P. campan. exp. fawn, with minute darker scales; g. densely crowded, white, edge purple primrose; s. bulbillose, brownish and fibrillose up to ring; sp. 8-9 × 3.5.
    36. [ignicolor, Bres. P. conico-campan. subexp. umb. squamulose or fibrillose then almost glabrous, dry, fiery tawny; g. yellowish, edge tawny; s. colour of p., base somewhat rooting with bright tawny fibrils; ring evanescent; sp. 8-10 × 4.5-5.
    37. [castanea, Q. P. umb. squamulose, brown; s. and ring white with tawny flecks.
    38. [echinella, Q. and Bern. Smell like radishes. P. camp. then convex and umb. bay, bristling with brown pyramidal hairs; g. free, pallid, tinged red; s. rosy, blackish scales below silky ring, pale above.
    39. Much more slender than L. hispida.
    40. [Morieri, Gill. P. exp. umb. white, shining, covered with reddish scales, umbo smooth, edge appendiculate; g. white, edge denticulate; s. fibrillose, white, shining, ring ample.
    41. clypeolaria, Bull. 5-8 cm. campan., at first incrusted, umb. tawny, remainder with brownish scales; g. free; s. 6-8 cm., fibrillosely squamulose up to ring, striate above; sp. 6 × 4.
    42. Differs from L. hispida in pileus not being tomentose, and paler colour. From L. cristata by squamulose stem.
    43. [brunneoincarnata, Chod. and Mart. P. subglobose then campan.-conic and umb. with scattered rufescent scales; g. free, white; s. fistulose, equal, colour of p.
    44. [Forquignoni, Q. P. white, silky, umbo olive; g. becoming rosy; s. white.
    45. felina, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. camp. expanded, umbo black, rest with concentric black scales on a white ground; g. free; s. 3-5 cm., white, sometimes with black specks; sp. 10 × 5.
    46. metulaespora, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then expanded, margin coarsely striate, whitish-yellow with pale squamules; g. almost free; s. 4-6 cm., pale lemon yellow inside and out; sp. fusiform, 15-16 × 6.
    47. cristata, A. and S. P. 2-4 cm. soon expanded, reddish-brown cuticle at first continuous, then broken up into concentric scales on a whitish ground; g. free; s. 4-6 cm., whitish, fibrillose; sp. 7 × 4.
    48. Differs from L. clypeolaria in stem not being squamulose.
    49. [lilacea, Bres. P. convex-campan. exp. depr. sometimes umb. purple-lilac then pale and broken up into fuscous squamules; g. free, white; s. fibrillosely scurfy, then almost glabrous, whitish then pinkish lilac, ring inf. persistent blackish violet underneath; sp. 4-5 × 2-2.5.
    50. Differs from Lepiota cristata in absence of smell, a feature which also separates it from L. Bucknallii.
    51. nigro-marginata, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. soon expanded, buff with small, brown, concentric scales; g. narrow, pallid; s. 5-6 cm. slender, smooth, buff, peronate up to distant ring; sp. 6-7 × 4.
    52. [Magnusiana, P. Henn. P. cylindrico-campan. then exp. papillately scaly, white, centre yellowish with age, edge striate; g. free, crowded, lanceolate, white then reddish; s. equal, white then reddish, ring membranaceo-flocculose; sp. 7-11 × 6-8.
    53. erminea, Fr. White. P. 4-7 cm., camp. then expanded, even, glabrous, then silky towards margin; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. fibrillose; sp. 11-12 × 4-5.
    54. micropholis, B. and Br. P. 1-1.5 cm., soon plane, white with minute radiating blackish squamules; g. free; s. 2-2.5 cm., white, ring spreading; sp. 5 × 3.
    55. citriophylla, B. and Br. P. 1.5-2 cm. expanded, umb. lemon yellow with rufous squamules; g. free, lemon yellow; s. 2-4 cm. squamulose, yellow; sp. 7-8 × 4.
    56. Differs from L. amianthina by free gills and white flesh; and from L. metulaespora in squamulose stem.
    57. atro-crocea, W. G. Sm. P. 2.3 cm. soon plane, margin often lobed, deep orange, covered with purple-brown fibrils; g. slightly attached, tinged yellow; s. 2-3 cm. orange; sp. ——.
    58. *** Ring superior, fixed, subpersistent; universal veil adnate to the pileus.
    59. Vittadinii, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. expanded, obtuse, whitish, densely covered with small erect warts; g. free, with a greenish tinge; s. 5-8 cm. with concentric scales up to large ring, whitish or scales tipped red; sp. ——.
    60. Differs from L. nympharum in solid stem and superior ring.
    61. [strobiliformis, Gill. P. convex, edge irreg. covered with strong brown, angular and pyramidal warts; g. closely crowded, narrow; s. cylindrical, stout, whitish, ring membranous.
    62. [furnacea, Let. P. white with a black cortex splitting radially; s. white with concentric black scales.
    63. nympharum, Kalchb. P. 6-9 cm. soon expanded, umb. often tinged brown, rest white with overlapping scales; g. free; s. white, hollow, glabrous; sp. globose.
    64. [colubrina, Kromb. P. convex, obtuse, tinged fuscous, covered with tomentose imbricated scales; g. white; s. solid, very long, ring distant.
    65. holosericea, Fr. Very soft. P. 6-9 cm. soon plane, obtuse, floccose, whitish or tinge of tan; g. free; s. 5-9 cm. bulbous, whitish, silky, ring large; sp. 7-8 × 5.
    66. naucina, Fr. White. P. 5-10 cm. globose then plane, subumb. glabrous then breaking up into granules; g. free; s. 4-5 cm. tapering to thickened base, fibrillose, ring sup. thin, disappearing; sp. subg. 6-7.
    67. Differs from L. excoriatia in the ephemeral ring.
    68. leucothites, Vitt. P. 5-10 cm. subumbonate, white, disc tinged brown, silky then squamulose; g. white then pink; s. 7-12 cm. white, smooth, bulbous, ring large, persistent; sp. hyaline, 9 × 7.
    69. [rorulenta, Paniz. Tufted. P. whitish, campan. umb. sulcate, softly granulato-squamulose; g. closely crowded, tinged rosy; s. slender, elongated, base thickened.
    70. cepaestipes, Sow. Yellow. P. 2-5 cm. expanded, umb., scaly, margin plicate; g. free; s. swollen below, 7-12 cm. floccose; sp. 7-8 × 4.
    71. There is a white form.
    72. [medioflava, Boud. P. exp. striate, snow-white, very minutely silky tomentose, centre depr. but the prominent umbo yellowish; g. free, white; s. fistulose, white, minutely scurfy above median reflexed ring, thickened base often yellowish; sp. 5-6 × 3.
    73. licmophora, B. and Br. Pale yellow. P. 2-3 cm. glabrous, coarsely grooved; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. thicker below, smooth; sp. 9-10 × 5.
    74. Differs from L. cepaestipes in glabrous pileus.
    75. [Brebissoni, Godey. P. exp. subumb. very thin, striate to middle, brownish, paler towards edge, with brown scales at centre and paler ones at margin; g. distant, edge toothed; s. swollen below, silvery white, pruinose above the ring.
    76. Resembles some sp. of Coprinus in transparency and fragility.
    77. [Schulzeri, Kalchbr. White. P. convex then exp. umb. even, glabrous; g. free, remote, narrowed behind; s. hollow, narrowed from a subbulbous base, naked, ring median, small.
    78. [straminella, Bagl. Entirely straw-colour. P. obtuse, sulcate, with glutinous mealy flecks; g. attached to ring behind, s. floccose, bulbous.
    79. **** Pileus granular or warted. Universal veil of pileus and stem at first continuous, on rupturing forming an inferior ring.
    80. cinnabarina, A. and S. P. 4-7 cm. obtuse, more or less gibbous, scurfy, persistently brick-red; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. with red scales up to imperfect ring; sp. 6-7 × 5.
    81. var. Terreyi, B. and Br. P. subglobose, bright tawny red, rough with warts.
    82. Differs from L. granulosa by larger size and persistently red pileus.
    83. carcharias, Pers. Smell strong. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane, subumb. pale flesh colour or yellowish-pink, granular; g. adnexed, white; s. 3-4 cm. granular and coloured like pileus up to ring; sp. ——.
    84. var. Terrei, B. and Br. P. orange-red, convex; s. nearly equal; g. broad, ventricose.
    85. [tuberculata, Brig. P. globoso-exp. cuticle thick, breaking into tubercles, pale tan; g. white; s. subbulbous, fibrillose.
    86. [venusta, Bagl. P. convex, edge very thin, crenulate, sulcate, cuticle tawny cracking in the centre; g. adnexed by a tooth; s. solid, thickened upwards, peronate half way up.
    87. [Pauletii, Fr. P. exp. bristling with spines, brownish; g. crowded; s. short, white.
    88. granulosa, Batsch. P. 2-3 cm. expanded, obtusely umb. scurfy or granular, rusty or brownish-orange, pale and hoary when dry; s. 3-5 cm. floccosely scaly and coloured like pileus up to ring; sp. ——.
    89. Pileus often wrinkled, sometimes pale.
    91. var. rufescens, B. and Br. Entirely white, becoming rufous when dry.
    92. L. amianthina differs in adnate gills and yellow flesh of stem. Differs from L. carcharia in absence of unpleasant smell.
    93. amianthina, Scop. P. 2-2.5 cm. soon plane and subumb. granular, ochraceous, flesh yellow; g. adnate, yellowish; s. 3-5 cm. squamulose up to ring, flesh yellow; sp. ——.
    94. var. Broadwoodiae, B. and Br. P. yellow; g. white.
    95. polysticta, Berk. P. 2-3 cm. soon expanded, reddish or yellow-brown broken up into minute scales; g. free, yellowish; s. 2-4 cm. scaly and coloured like pileus up to ring; sp. ——.
    96. ***** Cuticle of pileus dry, entire, not granular nor scaly; small, slender.
    97. parvannulata, Lasch. P. 1-1.5 cm. expanded, subumb. silky, white or tinged yellow; g. free, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. white, fibrillose up to distant small spreading ring; sp. 4 × 2.5.
    98. L. erminea differs in superior, torn ring, glabrous pileus, and radishy smell.
    99. sistrata, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. expanded, whitish, disc often tinged yellow or reddish, pruinose with glistening particles; g. nearly free, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. white, silky, ring fibrillose; sp. ——.
    100. L. seminuda differs in mealy stem, and L. mesomorpha in glabrous pileus and stem, and entire ring.
    101. seminuda, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. expanded, umbonate, whitish or tinged fleshcolour, mealy then naked; g. reaching the stem; s. 3-4 cm. whitish, mealy, ring small, superior; sp. 5 × 3.
    102. L. sistrata differs in fibrillose stem and pileus covered with glistening particles.
    103. Bucknallii, B. and Br. P. 1-2 cm. convex, white with violet powder; g. reaching stem; s. 3-5 cm. white with violet powder; sp. 7 × 3.
    104. Smell strong, like gas-tar.
    105. ianthina, Cke. P. 2 cm. expanded, umb. whitish, disc violet, fibrillose; g. free; s. 2-3 cm. wavy, white, ring distant, disappearing; sp. ——.
    106. mesomorpha, Bull. P. about 1.5 cm. expanded, subumb. pale brown or yellowish, even, glabrous; g. free; s. 3-4 cm. pale, glabrous, ring superior; sp. ——.
    107. [denudata, Rab. P. campan.-exp. pale sulphur, very thin, floccosely scurfy then naked; g. ventricose; s. subequal, with a minute very fugacious ring.
    108. [serena, Fr. White. P. campan. glabrous; s. slender, subbulbous, ring thin, deciduous.
    109. martialis, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-3. cm. soon plane, deep rose; g. free; s. 3-4 cm. pink up to broad ring; sp. 8 × 4.
  2. B. Cuticle of pileus viscid, not broken up.
  3. [demisannulata, Secr. P. thin, umb. even; g. free, crowded, white; s. nearly equal, with black fibrils, ring pendulous.
  4. medullata, Fr. White. P. 3-5 cm. soon expanded, glabrous, viscid, veil in fragments at margin; g. free; s. 5-8 cm. dry, obsoletely squamulose below, ring torn; sp. ——.
  5. Differs from L. illinita in dry stem.
  6. glioderma, Fr. P. 2.5-5 cm. campan. then convex, even, viscid reddish-bay; g. free; s. 5-8 cm. dry, whitish, densely squamulose up to torn ring; sp. ——.
  7. delicata, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex then plane, even, viscid, granular, rufescent or yellowish; g. free; s. 2-3 cm.; s. dry, whitish floccosely squamulose up to ring; sp. ——.
  8. Differs from L. glioderma in p. not being campanulate, and stem floccose, not squamose.
  9. illinita, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. white or tinged tan, subumb. glabrous, viscid; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. white, glutinous, ring obsolete; sp. ——.
  10. Distinct from all species by glutinous stem.
  11. [pingua, Fr. P. white or greyish, viscid, as is also the ring; s. short, dry.
  12. [inoculata, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, honey colour, even, viscid; g. crowded, broad; s. abruptly vaginate by the veil.
  13. Georginae, W. G. Sm. White. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. mealy, viscid, changing to crimson when touched, as do also the gills and stem.

[HIATULA, Fr.

[Wynniae, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. membranaceous, splitting along back of gills, pale; g. rather distant, white; st. 2-3 cm. hollow.

Introduced from Queensland. Phosphorescent.

ARMILLARIA, Fr.

  1. * Gills sinuate, adnexed.
  2. bulbigera, A. and S. P. 7-10 cm. brownish, dry, fibrillose near margin; g. emarginate; s. marginately bulbous, pale, ring soon disappearing; sp. 7-10 × 5.
  3. [phoenicea, Weinm. P. exp. glabrous, viscid, red; g. free, shining white; s. bulbous, with red fibrils, ring fugacious.
  4. focalis, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. reddish-tawny, silky, obtuse; g. almost free; s. 7-9 cm. equal, fibrillose, ring median; sp. ——.
  5. var. goliath, Fr. Larger than type, s. rooting, ring almost obsolete.
  6. robusta, A. and S. P. 6-8 cm. dry, rufous-bay, flesh thick; g. nearly free; s. 3-5 cm. stout, base narrowed, brownish floccose up to ring, white above; sp. ——.
  7. Differs from A. aurantia in deeply emarginate, broad, whitish gills.
  8. [squamea, Barla. Smell like cucumber. P. convex then exp. reddish cinnamon, covered with brown-red scales; edge incurved; g. broad, subdecur. whitish tinged red; s. subventricose with a long tapering base, reddish-brown and scaly up to torn ring, white above; flesh-white, saffron when broken.
  9. Allied to Armill. robusta but larger.
  10. [Caussetta, Barla. Smell like cucumber. P. exp. depr. dry, silky, squamulose at centre, rather viscid when moist, brick-red, edge incurved then spreading; g. broad, pale or tinged red; s. stout, narrowed at base, fibrillose and reddish up to ring, white above; flesh white, reddish when broken.
  11. [caligata, Viv. Smell strong. P. exp. tawny, spotted with adpressed silky scales; g. emarginate; s. solid, with brownish concentric scales below the membranous persistent ring.
  12. [megalopoda, Bres. Smell strong. P. convex, exp. or depr. even, glabrous, rather viscid, chestnut; g. crowded, whitish then straw-colour; s. brownish-squamulose up to median ring, white above; sp. glob. 5-6.
  13. [luteovirens, A. and S. All except white squamulose stem straw-colour; p. torn into squamules, greenish when mature; ring imperfect.
  14. aurantia, Schaeff. P. 5-8 cm. rusty orange; g. adnexed; s. 6-8 cm. stout, orange and concentrically squamose up to ring, white above; sp. ——.
  15. [dehiscens, Viv. P. hemispher. then depr. yellowish ochre; g. adnexo-decur., broad; s. cylindric, scaly, viscid, ring very narrow, persistent.
  16. ramentacea, Bull. P. 5-8 cm., obtuse, whitish or yellowish with darker squamules; g. adnexed becoming free; s. 3-5 cm. with brown squamules up to the oblique fugitive ring; sp. ——.
  17. [Ambrosii, Bres. P. convex, exp. dry, soft, floccosely-downy, snow-white, edge append.; g. white; s. even above ring, floccose below, white; ring inferior, torn, deciduous, sp. 4-5 × 2.5.
  18. [cingulata, Fr. P. thin umb. greyish brown, squamosely fibrillose; g. greyish white; s. even, ring median.
  19. [scruposa, Paulet. P. exp. glabrous, rough with contorted ridges, subfuscous; g. sinuato-adnate; s. solid, equal, rooting, ring firm, narrow.
  20. [albosericea, Brig. White. P. exp. broadly umb., even; g. crowded; s. silky, base tuberous, ring remote, fugacious.
  21. constricta, Fr. All white. P. 3-5 cm. obtuse, dry, glabrous, silky; g. emarginate, adnexed, or almost free; s. 3-6 cm. solid, fibrillose or squamulose, ring apical, narrow; sp.
  22. Much stouter than A. subcava.
  24. [verrucipes, Fr. Pure white. P. glabrous; s. with brown warts up to annular zone, ring absent; g. sinuato-adnate.
  25. ** Gills narrowed behind, more or less decurrent, with no sinus.
  26. [imperialis, Fr. P. brown with darker scales; g. deeply decurrent; ring double, sp. 12-14 × 5.
  27. [Laschii, Fr. P. fawn colour, even, glabrous, thin ring erect; g. crowded, white.
  28. [tumescens, Viv. P. exp. even, glabrous, whitish; g. adnate, pale ochre, then tinged red; s. solid, stout, narrowed from the base, whitish, ring fugacious.
  29. [rhadigosa, Fr. P. depr. moist, whitish with brownish adpressed scales at disc; g. decur., broad, white; s. short, equal, ring reflexed.
  30. mellea, Vahl. P. 5-12 cm. soon expanded, yellowish-brown, squamulose, margin striate; g. slightly decurrent; s. 8-12 cm. floccose up to spreading ring, base honey-colour; sp. 9 × 5-6.
  31. Mycelium forming long black strands. A destructive parasite.
  32. denigrata, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. obtuse, dark brown, rather viscid, spotted with droplike depressions, and with elevated warts, margin even; g. rather decurrent; s. 4-5 cm. solid tinged brown, ring disappearing; sp. ——.
  33. [morio, Fr. P. campan.-exp. irreg. cracked, viscid, greyish brown then rufescent; g. adnate; s. solid, fibrous, ring narrow.
  34. [Viviani, Fr. P. convex, glabrous, dark bay then whitish; g. adnate, pale fawn; s. elongated, white, ring narrow.
  35. [griseofusca, D. C. P. convex, even, glabrous, brownish grey, discoid; g. decur.; s. equal, glabrous, ring persistent.
  36. [pleurotoides, Fr. P. subexcentric, ring toothed; s. whitish with a flesh-coloured tint.
  37. citri, Inz. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, subumb., even, yellow; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm., slender, ring spreading; sp. subgl. 5 × 4.
  38. subcava, Schum. P. 3-4 cm. white, umbo brownish, striate to middle; g. decurrent; s. equal, hollow upwards, 4-5 cm., even up to torn ring, punctate above, white; sp. ——.
  39. Differs from A. constricta by longer thinner stem, and striate pileus.
  40. haematites, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. obtuse, liver-coloured; g. adnato-decurrent; s. 3-5 cm. coloured like pileus up to ring, whitish above; sp. 8 × 5.
  41. *** Gills adnate without a sinus.
  42. [laqueata, Fr. White. P. 3-4 cm. hemispherical, obtuse, viscid when moist, smooth; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. solid, squamulose or fibrillose below the ring, base tinged brown; sp. ——.
  44. mucida, Schrad. P. 4-8 cm. soon expanded, white or grey, rugulose, glutinous; g. striately decurrent; s. 5-12 cm. base thickened, ring apical, striate, tumid; sp. 15-16 × 8-9.
  45. Jasonis, Cke. and Mass. P. 3-5 cm., camp. then expanded, umb., yellow, disc tawny, papillate; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. coloured like pileus, squamulose up to torn ring; sp. 8 × 5 µ.
  46. [fracida, Fr. Smell rancid. P. convex, obtuse, even, spotted, brownish-olive; g. becoming free, white; s. base narrowed, squamulose, smooth above the spreading torn ring.
  47. [pinetorum, Gill. P. exp. umb. granular, pale or yellowish white, covered with reddish squamules; g. sinuato-decur., pallid; s. colour of p., squamulose up to spreading ring which is also squamulose outside.

TRICHOLOMA, Fr.

  1. A. Pileus viscid, scaly, or villose.
    1. I. Limacina. Pileus viscid when moist, innately fibrillose or squamulose, but not broken up.
      1. * Gills not changing colour, not becoming rufescent.
      2. equestre, Linn. P. 7-12 cm. exp. obtuse, viscid, squamulose, yellow or tinged green; g. sulphur yellow; s. 4-7 cm. yellow; sp. 7-8 × 5.
      3. coryphaeum, Fr. P. 8-15 cm. soon exp. viscid, yellowish with darker squamules; g. white, edge yellow; s. solid, obclavate; sp. subglobose, 5-6.
      4. T. equestre differs in having gills entirely yellow, and T. sejunctum in its pure white gills.
      5. sejunctum, Sow. P. 7-10 cm. expanded, yellow with brown streaks, viscid; g. pure white; s. 8-12 cm. white, apex squamulose; sp. subgl. 5-6.
      6. portentosum, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. viscid, sooty often with purple tinge, viscid, streaked with dark lines; g. white, very broad; s. 7-8 cm. whitish, glabrous; sp. subgl. 4-5 × 4.
      7. fucatum, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. soon plane, viscid, dingy yellow with darker stains; g. white or tinged yellow; s. 5-7 cm. fibro-squamulose, whitish; sp. ——.
      8. quinquepartitum, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. viscid, even, glabrous, pale yellowish; g. broad, white; s. 7-10 cm. white, striate, glabrous; sp. 5-6 × 3-4.
      9. Differs from T. portentosum in p. not being virgate, and from T. fucatum in glabrous striate stem.
      10. resplendens, Fr. White. P. 5-9 cm. expanded, viscid, even, glabrous, shining when dry, margin straight; g. very emarginate; s. 5-7 cm., solid, apex flocculose; sp. 7-8 × 4.
      11. Differs from T. spermaticum in solid stem.
      12. spermaticum, Fr. White. P. 5-8 cm. expanded, viscid, wavy, glabrous, shining when dry, margin at first incurved; g. margin eroded; s. 5-9 cm. twisted; sp. ——.
      13. ** Gills becoming discoloured, usually spotted with brownish-red.
      14. colossus, Fr. P. 12-20 cm. expanded, margin at first incurved, dull red or reddish umber, glabrous then squamulose, flesh very thick, reddish when broken; g. broad, reddish; s. 7-10 cm. stout, apex constricted, solid, reddish; sp. 6 × 4.
      15. [aurata, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, even, yellow then rufescent; g. yellow; s. solid, fibrillose, yellow.
      16. nictitans, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid, yellowish; g. yellow; s. 7-8 cm. solid, yellow, apex squamulose; sp. 7-8 × 5.
      17. Differs from T. flavobrunneum in squamulose apex of stem.
      18. fulvellum, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. viscid, even, yellowish tan disc darker and wrinkled; g. white then tinged rufescent; s. 4-6 cm. fibrillose, apex naked, white tinged rufous; sp. subgl. 4-5.
      19. flavobrunneum, Fr. P. 7-14 cm. soon exp. viscid, bay, virgate-squamulose, flesh yellow then tinged rufous; g. pale yellow; s. 7-12 cm. ventricose, hollow, brownish, flesh yellow, viscid at first; sp. 6-7 × 4-5.
      20. albobrunneum, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. obtuse, viscid, brown, streaked with fibrils, disc papillose; g. broad, whitish; s. 3-5 cm. equal, rufescent, solid, flesh white; sp. 4-6 × 3-5.
      21. irregulare, Karst. P. convex then exp. very irreg. rather viscid, fibrillosely virgate, pale, tinged tawny rufous; g. white then reddish or spotted; s. equal, curved, white, apex flocculose. Smell strong.
      22. Differs from T. albobrunneum in paler, irreg. p. and smell.
      23. [Salero, Barla. Smell strong, mealy. P. exp. obtuse, even, viscid when moist, satiny when dry, chestnut; g. white then reddish; s. cylindrical, white and squamulose at apex, fibrillose and reddish at middle; flesh white, reddish when broken, very bitter.
      24. ustale, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umb. then nearly plane, even, glabrous, disc rugulose bay; g. white tinged brown later, decur. tooth; s. 5-8 cm. equal, somewhat rooting, apex naked, whitish; sp. 7-8 × 5.
      25. pessundatum, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, wavy, glabrous, viscid, bay or rufescent, granular or spotted; g. almost free, white then tinged rufous; s. 5-8 cm. white, floccosely squamulose; sp. 5 × 2.5.
      26. stans, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. exp. viscid, rufescent, even, flesh red under cuticle; g. crowded, spotted reddish; s. 5-8 cm. whitish, squamulose; sp. 5-6 × 4.
      27. russula, Schaeff. P. 6-8 cm. exp. viscid, rosy red, granulated; g. subdecurrent; s. 3-5 cm. rosy, apex squamulose; sp. 10 × 5.
      28. frumentaceum, Bull. P. 5-10 cm. exp. viscid, glabrous, pallid, streaked or stained reddish; g. crowded; s. 5-8 cm. solid, fibrillose, white, variegated red; sp. 5 × 3.5.
    2. II. Genuina. Pellicle not viscid, torn into scales, or fibrillose.
      1. * Gills not changing colour, neither spotted with rufous nor black.
      2. rutilans, Schaeff. P. 6-14 cm. exp. coated with purplish down, flesh yellow; g. yellow, edge downy, orange; s. 5-8 cm. yellow with purple squamules; sp. subgl. 5-6.
      3. variegatum, Scop. P. 5-10 cm. exp. yellow with purplish squamules; g. pale yellow, edge entire not darker coloured; s. 5-8 cm. pale yellow, more or less variegated with red; sp. 5-7 × 4-5.
      4. Differs from T. rutilans in edge of gills.
      5. [albofimbriatum, Trog. P. exp. obtusely umb. fibrillose, scaly towards edge, brownish; g. sinuate, closely crowded, yellow then rufescent, edge white-fimbriate; s. yellow-rufescent.
      6. [aestuans, Fr. P. conico-exp. umb. with fugacious longitudinal fibrils, yellow-rufescent; g. very broad, yellow then pallid; s. equal, glabrous, striate.
      7. centurio, Kalchb. P. campan. strongly umb. edge incurved then spreading and wavy, fuscous then livid; g. deeply emarginate, almost free, pallid; s. ventricose, stout, white.
      8. luridum, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. rather wavy, dry, glabrous, then torn into livid squamules, yellowish-grey; g. broad, crowded; s. 5-8 cm. glabrous, white; sp. 5-6 × 3-4.
      9. Differs from T. saponaceum in persistently white flesh.
      10. guttatum, Schaeff. P. 5-12 cm. exp. cinnamon or with a pink tinge, dry, granulose or floccose, margin remotely sulcate; g. with decurrent line down stem, crowded; s. 5-8 cm., white, mealy; sp. ——.
      11. Differs from T. tigrinum in white gills and sulcate margin of pileus.
      12. [goniospermum, Bres. P. fleshy, compact, hemispher. tinged fuscous or livid yellowish; g. much crowded, smoky-grey or lilac then yellowish; s. solid, whitish or lilac above, base brownish; sp. more or less cruciform rarely subtriangular, 8-10 × 5-7.
      14. [psammopodium, Kalchb. P. obtuse or subumb. dry, with scattered fibrillose squamules, dusky cinnamon then tawny; g. yellowish; s. ventricose, colour of p. with darker squamules downwards.
      15. [impolitum, Lasch. P. exp. flocculose, then broken into scales and subdepr.; g. crowded; s. solid, fibrillose, floccosely scaly above.
      16. columbetta, Fr. White, here and there spotted with red. P. 5-10 cm. dry, glabrous then fibrillose; g. subserrulate; s. 6-10 cm. stout, solid, striate; sp. 6-7 × 4-5.
      17. scalpturatum, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. conical then exp. dingy, tomentose then broken up into rufous or umber scales; g. white then yellowish; s. 5-9 cm. whitish, fibrillose; sp. 6-7 × 3.5.
      18. var. argyraceum, Bull. Slender; p. silvery grey.
      19. var. chrysites, Jungh. Pale, p. and g. becoming yellowish.
      20. var. virescens, Wharton. Yellow-green when bruised.
      21. These are forms rather than varieties.
      22. ** Gills rufous or greyish; edge usually spotted with rufous or black.
      23. imbricatum, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. exp. obtuse, dry, rufous umber, innately squamulose, margin involute and downy at first; g. sinuate, crowded; s. 8-12 cm. solid, paler than p. apex white-pulverulent; sp. 6 × 4.
      24. vaccinum, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. exp. umb. dry, rufous, squamulose, margin at first involute and downy; g. almost adnate; s. 7-10 cm. hollow, fibrillose, brownish; sp. subg. 6-7.
      25. Differs from T. imbricatum in hollow stem and reddish flesh.
      26. [polyphyllum, D. C. P. obtuse, irreg. with adpressed fibrillose scales; rufous umber; g. white then tinged red; s. solid, white, squamulose, apex striate.
      27. immundum, Berk. P. 5-9 cm. greyish, silky-squamulose, stained, margin incurved; g. greyish pink, separating readily from flesh; s. 4-6 cm. greyish, fibrillose; sp. subg. 4-5. Every part blackish when bruised.
      28. inodermeum, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. acute then umb. rufous brown, fibrillose and with radiating scales; g. free, ventricose, white, spotted red when bruised; s. 7-8 cm. fibrous, white with rufous tinge, apex powdered white; s. 7-8 × 4.
      29. [furvum, Fr. P. campan.-exp. wavy, dry, brownish, fibrillosely striate; g. entire, white then greyish; s. solid, fibrillose.
      30. [unguentatum, Fr. P. exp. umb. grey, viscid, floccosely-squamulose; g. very broad, crowded, whitish; s. white, solid, fibrillose.
      31. [gausapatum, Fr. P. bullate, obtuse, wavy, covered with dense superficial fibrils, edge at first incurved and with white wool; g. adnate, grey; s. solid, white, fibrillose.
      33. terreum, Schaeff. P. 5-8 cm. exp. umb. bluish grey with minute squamules; g. greyish, sinuate; s. whitish, fibrillose; sp. subgl. 5-6.
      34. var. orirubens, Q. Edge of g. reddish.
      35. var. atrosquamosum, Chev. P. grey with small black scales, g. whitish.
      36. var. argyraceum, Bull. Entirely pure white, or p. greyish.
      37. var. chrysites, Jungh. P. tinged yellowish or greenish.
      38. [squarrulosum, Bres. P. convex then exp. umb. dry, fuscous then lurid tan, centre black, with black squamules, edge fibrillose, exceeding gills; g. broad, crowded, whitish grey, reddish when bruised; s. colour of p. punctato-squamulose; sp. 7-9 × 4-5.
      39. [triste, Fr. P. conic then exp. umb. fuscous, fibrillosely scaly; g. white then greyish; s. fistulose, slender, floccose.
    3. III. Rigida. Pellicle rigid, punctato-granulate, or broken up into glabrous fragments when dry.
      1. * Gills white or pallid, not rufous or grey spotted.
      2. macrorhizum, Lasch. Smell strong. P. 10-20 cm. exp. ochraceous, darker and cracked when old; g. almost free; s. 5-10 cm. stout, ochraceous, rooting, solid, ventricose; sp. subgl. 5-6.
      3. [compactum, Fr. P. soon plane, even, dry, glabrous, livid grey, compact; g. yellow; s. solid, white.
      4. saponaceum, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. obtuse, dry, livid, tinged olive, glabrous then often squamulose or punctate, flesh reddish; g. pallid with greenish tinge; s. 5-10 cm. whitish, somewhat rooting; sp. 5 × 4.
      5. var. atrovirens, P. thin, wavy, obscure green with crowded black squamules.
      6. [Boudieri, Barla. P. exp. even, dry, satiny maroon or vinous with coppery tint, then sooty brown with deeper granules at centre; g. tinged green then ochre; s. subcylindrical, rather unequal, fibrillose, whitish tinged red, then brownish-fawn; flesh white then reddish.
      7. Differs from Trich. saponaceum in the copper coloured p.
      8. [miculatum, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, granulated then cracked, umber; g. subadnate; s. solid, fibrillosely floccose.
      9. cartilagineum, Bull. P. 5-9 cm. soon exp. and wavy, margin persistently incurved, blackish, then broken up into small black spots; g. crowded then greyish; s. 3-5 cm. glabrous, pure white; sp. ——.
      10. tenuiceps, Cke. and Mass. P. 5-8 cm., flesh very thin, obtuse, dry, granular, dusky brown; g. narrowed in front, white; st. 5-8 cm. ochraceous white, everywhere granular, base abrupt with cord-like mycelium; sp. subgl. 6-7.
      11. loricatum, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-5 cm. tough, convex, wavy, rather viscid, brown, cuticle thick, tough, separable; g. almost free, pallid; s. 5-7 cm. tough, often twisted, brownish red; sp. ——.
      12. atrocinereum, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. soon plane, grey, prominent disc darker, often cracked; g. crowded, hyaline; s. 5-7 cm. cylindrical, stuffed, glabrous, apex naked, whitish; sp. ——.
      13. cuneifolium, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. soon plane, dry, brown, glabrous then squamulose; g. crowded, white, broad and obliquely truncate in front; s. 2.5 cm. hollow, narrowed at base, pallid, apex mealy; sp. subgl. 3-5.
      14. Differs from T. atrocinereum in hollow stem.
      15. ** Gills discoloured, with rufous or grey, spotted.
      16. crassifolium, Berk. Smell strong. P. 5-10 cm. exp. wavy, flesh thin, umb. ochraceous, disc darker; g. nearly free, becoming yellowish, thick; s. solid, paler than p., pruinose; sp. ——.
      17. [geminum, Fr. Stout, compact. P. obtuse, rufous cinnamon, velvety then rimose; g. crowded; s. solid, floccose.
      18. sudum, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon plane, dry, greyish brown, glabrous, disc often squamulose; g. deeply emarginate, white then tinged rufous; s. 6-8 cm. solid, pallid, fibrillosely-squamulose, striate; sp. 6-7 × 3.5.
      19. tumidum, P. Smell slight. P. 6-8 cm. bullate, deformed then exp. and wavy, livid grey, spotted, somewhat shining, cracking; g. white then grey with rufous tinge; s. 7-9 cm. stout, tumid, striate, white, rooting; sp. 6 × 4.
      20. var. Keithii, Phil. and Plowr. P. rufous grey; s. dingy white, tinged red near base.
      21. murinaceum, Bull. Smell strong. P. 5-10 cm. exp. sometimes subumb. grey, silky, cracking into squamules; g. deeply sinuate, broad, grey; s. grey with darker squamules; sp. ——.
      22. [bisontinum, Roll. P. pulvinate, cuticle thick, brown with greenish tinge, virgate with minute adpr. fibrils; g. thick, grey, with flat, transverse, more or less branched veins; s. solid, narrowed below, fibrillosely striate, with minute dark granules above, pale; 10-12 × 6.
      23. hordum, F. P. exp. subumb. grey, dry, glabrous then breaking up into squarrose scales; g. rather distant, becoming greyish; s. 6-8 cm. whitish, glabrous; sp.
      24. virgatum, Fr. P. rigid, 5-9 cm. exp. umb. very dry, greyish, virgate with radiating blackish lines; umb. often broken up into squamules; g. broadly emarginate, becoming greyish, crowded; s. 7-9 cm. striate, glabrous, whitish; sp. 6-8 × 5-6.
      25. The only dry sp. with a virgate pileus.
      26. [dissultans, Karst. P. fragile, thin, convexo-plane, acutely umb. very dry, hoary with dense subreticulately interwoven superficial fibrils, grey; g. hoary; s. hollow, equal, white, loosely fibrillose, apex pruinose; sp. 5-6 × 4.
      27. [elytroides, Scop. P. exp. obt. scabrid, disc floccosely scurfy, grey; g. broad, grey; s. with dense fibrils directed upwards.
      28. [opicum, Fr. P. umb. even, soon squamulose, greyish as is also the flesh; g. arcuato-adfixed, hoary; s. stuffed, equal, almost glabrous.
    4. IV. Sericella. Pileus at first silky, soon glabrous, quite dry.
      1. * Gills broad, thickish, rather distant.
      2. sulphureum, Fr. Strong smelling. Entirely sulphur yellow or p. tinged rufous. P. 3-8 cm. subumb. silky, even; g. distant; s. 5-10 cm. striate, same colour inside; sp. 9-10 × 5.
      3. bufonium, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. soon plane, subumb. silky, soon glabrous, rugulose, opaque, purplish brown, umber, or tan; g. yellowish-tan then pallid; s. 5-7 cm. flocculose, coloured like p.; sp. subgl. 4-5.
      4. lascivum, Fr. Smell strong. P. 4-5 cm. exp. and subdepressed, even, silky then glabrous, tan colour then pallid; g. arcuately adnexed, crowded, white; s. 4-6 cm. solid, rigid, tomentose, whitish, apex mealy, rooting; sp. 8-10 × 4-5.
      5. var. robustum, Cke. Robust. P. whitish, silky; smell weak or none.
      6. interveniens, Karst. P. convexo-plane, depr. silky then glabrous, rugulose near edge, tan then pale; g. arcuato-adnex. crowded, pallid; s. solid, equal, rooting, fibrillose, pallid; sp. 6-7 × 2-2.5.
      7. inamoenum, Fr. Foetid. White. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umb. silky then glabrous, even; g. arcuato-adnexed, crowded; s. 7-10 cm. equal, solid, rooting; sp. 9-10 × 6-7.
      8. The only white, foetid Tricholoma.
      9. ** Gills thin, crowded, narrow.
      10. cerinum, Pers. P. 2-4 cm. exp. obtuse or depressed, even, dry, almost glabrous, wax-yellow or brown; g. crowded, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, fibrillosely striate, yellowish, base darker; sp. ——.
      11. [chrysenterum, Bull. Entirely yellowish outside and inside. P. fleshy, convexo-plane, obsoletely umb. silky then almost glabrous; g. free, crowded, narrow; s. solid, base with white wool.
      12. [stiparophyllum, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. silky then glabrous, yellowish white; g. crowded, white; s. hollow, white, glabrous, apex mealy.
      13. [cerinum, Pers. P. exp. depr. almost glabrous, waxy yellow or fuscescent; g. crowded, yellow; s. stuffed, fibrillosely striate, base glabrous, often brownish.
      14. [onychinum, Fr. P. exp. subumb. dingy purple or brown, margin silky; g. yellow, crowded; s. pallid, apex reddish.
      15. ionides, Bull. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane, umb. even, dingy violet then pale; g. crowded, white, edge irreg.; s. 3-4 cm. elastic, fibrillose, coloured like p.; sp. 6-7 × 3.5.
      16. Differs from T. humile and T. sordidum in white gills.
      17. var. parvum, Lasch. P. reddish brown.
      18. var. persicolor, Fr. P. convexo-plane, peach-colour, then pale; g. sinuate, white; s. paler than p.
      20. carneum, Bull. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. fragile, exp. obtuse, glabrous, persistently reddish flesh colour; gills pure white; s. 2-2.5 cm. coloured like pileus, not fading; sp. 3 × 2.
      21. [carneolum, Fr. Small. P. plano-depr. obtuse, even, flesh-red then pale; g. closely crowded, very broad behind, shining white.
      22. caelatum, Fr. P. 2-2.5 cm. persistently umbilicate glabrous, brown then greyish, becoming cracked; g. crowded; s. 2.5 cm. glabrous, brown; sp. 8 × 5.
  2. B. Pileus even, glabrous, neither villose, scaly nor viscid.
    1. V. Guttata. Pileus fleshy, soft, fragile, with drop-like markings; stem solid.
      1. * Gills not discoloured.
      2. gambosum, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. flesh thick, exp. and wavy, glabrous, spotted, pallid tan, margin incurved and downy at first; g. crowded, ventricose; s. 5-7 cm. stout, flocculose at apex, white; sp. 13-14 × 8-9. Edible.
      3. [Georgii, Clus. P. exp. rather wavy, dry, flocculosely soft, ochraceous, edge even, naked, ochraceous; g. linear, transversely striate, whitish; s. solid, stout, fibrillose. Edible.
      4. albellum, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. conical then exp. gibbous, whitish, pallid, greyish when dry, mottled with spots, margin naked; g. crowded, broadest in front; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, solid, white; sp. 6-7 × 4.
      5. boreale, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. irreg. subumb. glabrous, rivulose when dry, margin even, naked, flesh-colour becoming pale; g. crowded; s. 5-8 cm. solid, elastic, base narrowed, whitish; sp. subg. 4-5.
      6. ** Gills discoloured, rufescent or smoky.
      7. amethystinum, Scop. P. 3-5 cm. exp. wavy, glabrous, livid and spotted with bluish patches; g. crowded, white then rufescent; s. 3-5 cm. solid, narrowed at base, paler than p.; sp. ——.
      8. [graveolens, Fr. P. compact, obt. glabrous, margin even, rivulose when dry, dusky brown; g. white then fuliginous; s. solid, firm, fibrillose.
      9. tigrinum, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. exp. often wavy, glabrous, margin invol. pale brown or greyish with brown spots; g. crowded, narrow, white then greyish; s. 2-3 cm. and nearly as thick, solid, white, pruinose; sp. subgl. 8.
      10. Differs from T. guttatum in glabrous pileus with an even margin.
      11. [leucophaeatum, Karst. (= Coll. leucophaeatus, Fr.). P. convexo-plane, broadly and obtusely umb. pallid grey; with thin hoary tomentum; g. crowded, whitish then dingy, broadest behind; s. equal, often curved, pallid, base strigose; sp. ——.
      13. pes-caprae, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. conical then exp. umb. unequal, greyish brown, glabrous; g. broad, greyish white; s. 6-7 cm. naked, white; sp. 8 × 5.
      14. var. multiforme, Schaeff. P. irreg., caespitose, smaller than type.
    2. VI. Spongiosa. Pileus compact then spongy, obtuse, even, glabrous, not hygrophanous.
      1. * Gills not discoloured.
      2. Schumacheri, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. obtuse, livid grey, even, moist, edge beyond gills incurved; g. narrow, crowded, pure white; s. 6-8 cm. white, solid, fibrillosely-striate; sp. ——.
      3. [amicus, Fr. P. fuscous; g. distant, white; s. bulbous, solid, white.
      4. patulum, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. plane, obtuse, wavy, even, glabrous, pale grey or pallid; g. sides veined, pallid; s. elastic, equal, glabrous, 5-8 cm.; sp. 7-8 × 4.
      5. circumtectum, Cke. and Mass. P. 5-8 cm. dry, obt. or subumb. wavy, margin incurved, downy, greenish olive then tan; g. white; s. 3-4 cm. whitish, striate, base pointed; sp. subgl. 4-5.
      6. [maluvium, Fr. P. campan.-convex, obtuse, glabrous, greenish; g. rounded, crowded, pallid; s. solid, firm, elastic.
      7. [conglobatum, Vit. Densely clustered. P. unequal, even, edge thin, inflexed, somewhat pruinose, blackish fuscous; g. free; s. stems solid, ventricose, subtomentose, springing densely from a common tuber.
      8. arcuatum, Bull. P. 5-8 cm. brownish white then tan, exp. margin incurved, glabrous, flesh-coloured; g. arcuate, crowded, white; s. 4-6 cm. solid, fibrilloso-squamulose, pale brown, base darker, bulbous; sp. ——.
      9. Differs from T. panaeolum in having white gills, and from T. melaleucum in having coloured flesh.
      10. var. cognatum, Bull. Larger. Gilvous outside and inside or dingy tan; p. obtuse, discoid; g. tan.
      11. oreinum, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, obtuse, glabrous, fuscous, even; g. rounded, free, white; s. solid, short, 2-3 cm. whitish, apex white squamulose; sp. ——.
      12. Separated from T. humile by the gills projecting beyond the margin of pileus.
      13. album, Schaeff. Entirely white, taste acrid. P. 6-9 cm. convex then depr. even, glabrous, dry, disc sometimes tinged yellow; g. rather crowded; s. 6-8 cm. narrowed upwards, solid, elastic; sp. 5-6 × 3.
      14. var. caesariatum, Fr. P. white or yellowish, exp. fibrillosely silky, then glabrous; s. slender, fragile, apex rather mealy; g. nearly free.
      16. [lentum, Post. Entirely white not becoming spotted. P. convex, unpolished and at first rather velvety, disc tinged pallid when old; g. sinuate or subdecurr.; s. base narrowed, apex usually longitudinally costate; sp. 7.5-10 × 4.5-7.
      17. [raphanicum, Karst. Smell very strong, like radishes. P. convex, often gibbous, white, disc tinged tan; g. white; s. rooting, flocculose above; sp. glob. 3-4.
      18. leucocephalum, Fr. Pure white, smell mealy. P. 3-4 cm. plane, even, moist, glabrous after silky veil has gone; g. crowded; s. 5-6 cm. hollow, smooth, cartilaginous, tough, rooting; sp. 9-10 × 7-8.
      19. T. album differs in having no smell, and T. inamoenum in strong disagreeable smell and very broad gills.
      20. ** Gills discoloured.
      21. acerbum, Bull. P. 7-10 cm. expanded, margin at first involute, sulcate and rugulose, viscid, whitish then tinged rufous; g. narrow rufescent; s. 5-8 cm. pale, apex squamulose; sp. subg. 5-6.
      22. militare, Lasch. Smell and taste unpleasant. P. 8-15 cm. convex, gibbous, margin even, viscid, cinnamon; g. white, torn, then spotted; s. 7-11 cm. solid, squamulose, pallid, base subbulbous; sp. ——.
      23. Differs from T. civile in strong smell and spotted gills.
      24. civile, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. soft, soon exp. glabrous, moist, pale yellow brown, cuticle separable; g. crowded, white then yellowish; s. 5-8 cm. solid, soft, fragile, fibrillosely squamulose, whitish; sp. ——.
      25. duracinum, Cke. P. 5-8 cm. convex, gibbous, even, dry, shining, grey with olive tinge; g. arcuate, grey; s. 4-6 cm. reticulately squamulose above, striate below, greyish white; sp. ——.
      26. [irinum, Fr. P. spongy-compact, convex then plane, moist, obsoletely innately virgate, flesh-colour then pale, edge even, pruinose; crowded, narrow, quite entire, greyish then lurid; s. solid, subbulbous, reticulately fibrillose.
      27. personatum, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. regular, obtuse, even, glabrous, margin invol. and downy, tan or with a lilac tinge; g. rounded-free, crowded, broad, violet then dingy; s. 5-7 cm. solid, stout, dingy purple, villose; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.
      28. Flesh of stem white. In T. nudum tinted violet.
      29. saevum, Gillet. P. 6-9 cm. convex then plane, buff, margin naked, flesh thick; g. crowded, narrow, pallid; s. 2-3 cm. long, 2 cm. or more thick, purple, slightly squamulose; sp. 7 × 5.
      30. Differs from T. personatum in the short, stout, squamulose stem, and absence of purple tint on gills.
      31. [glaucocanum, Bres. P. rather soft, convex, exp. glabrous, edge involute subflocculosely pruinose, glaucous-grey; g. closely crowded, greyish violet, easily separating; s. solid, fibrillosely striate, apex subsquamulose, base bulbous, colour of p.; sp. 6 × 3.
      32. nudum, Bull. Whole fungus violet at first. P. 5-8 cm. soon exp. often wavy, flesh thin; g. narrow, becoming rufescent; s. 5-8 cm. equal, elastic, rather mealy; sp. 7 × 3.5.
      33. Flesh of stem tinted violet. In T. personatum white.
      34. [violaceonitens, Bagl. P. convex, umb. dusky violet, shining, edge wavy, rugulosely sulcate; g. crowded, dingy white; s. solid, stout, base narrowed, colour of p.
      35. cinerascens, Bull. P. 5-8 cm. convex, even, glabrous, white then greyish; g. dingy, easily separating from flesh; s. 4-6 cm. solid, equal, glabrous; sp. ——.
      36. panaeolum, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. convex then almost plane, dusky grey with a grey bloom, often spotted; g. grey with rufous tinge; s. 3-5 cm. solid, fibrous-striate, greyish; sp. subgl. 5-6.
      37. var. calceolum, Sterb. P. spongy, deformed, thin, soft, exp. edge incurved, sooty-grey or reddish-grey; g. smoky; s. excentric, fusiform, very short.
      38. cnista, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. moist, glabrous, pale tan or whitish, margin incurved, naked, even; g. white, veined, reddish when bruised; s. 3-5 cm. solid, glabrous, white; sp. 9-10 × 4.
      39. Differs from T. panaeolum in p. not becoming grey.
      40. fallax, Peck. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, yellow, disc darker, even; g. becoming yellowish; s. 2.5 cm. yellow, hollow; sp. 4-5 × 3.
    3. VII. Hygrophana. Pileus thin, subumbonate, hygrophanous.
      1. * Gills whitish, not spotted.
      2. melaleucum, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. convex then plane, umb. blackish then paler, glabrous; g. emarginate adnexed, white; s. 5-8 cm. equal, elastic, whitish with dark fibrils; sp. 10 × 4-5.
      3. Coll. stridula much resembles this sp. but has a brownish stem. T. arcuatum has flesh tinged brown. T. oreinum has apex of stem squamulose.
      4. var. adstringens, Pers. P. exp. pitch black and rather shining when dry; g. tinged pink; s. naked.
      5. var. polioleucum, Fr. P. obtusely umb. livid then grey; s. apex white-pruinose.
      6. var. porphyroleucum, Bull. P. fleshy, umbo disappearing, sooty or fuscous-rufescent; s. solid, subfibrillose; g. white.
      7. [microcephalum, Karst. P. 2-3 cm. convexo-plane, livid-sooty then pale; g. much crowded, soft, white; s. tall, 9-12 cm. splitting easily into fibres, pallid, glabrous; sp. subg. 5-6 × 5.
      8. [turritum, Fr. P. conico-exp. umb. moist, obscure purple, somewhat spotted; g. soon free, white; s. stuffed then hollow, white with dusky fibrils.
      10. grammopodium, Bull. P. 7-12 cm. camp. conv. then depr. umb. glabrous, ruddy then pallid; g. arcuato-adnate, crowded; s. 7-10 cm. stuffed, coarsely striate, glabrous, pallid; sp. 7-8 × 4.
      11. [strictipes, Karst. P. soft, gibbous, plane or depr. white or yellowish-white, centre often tinged; g. closely crowded, shining white, entire; s. solid, equal, cylindrical, base usually thickened, straight, white, glabrous; sp. 6-9 × 4-5.
      12. brevipes, Bull. P. 3-6 cm. brown then pale, glabrous, convex then plane; g. crowded, tinged fuscous then pale; s. 2-2.5 cm. solid, rigid, brown outside and inside; sp. 7 × 4.
      13. humile, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. umb. then convex or depressed, even, glabrous; g. crowded, ventricose; s. 3-5, greyish white, villosely pulverulent, stuffed; sp. 7-8 × 5.
      14. Differs from T. brevipes in pale stem and tufted habit.
      15. exsiccum, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. then umb. greyish brown then hoary; g. crowded, narrow, pure white; s. 2-3 cm. solid, glabrous, rather shining; sp. 6-7 × 4.
      16. subpulverulentum, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. greyish white, pulverulent, convex then depr. even, extreme edge persistently incurved; g. crowded, narrow, white; s. 3-4 cm. solid, whitish, slightly striate; sp. 5 × 3.
      17. [persicinum, Fr. P. obtuse, even, glabrous, flesh-colour then pale; s. cartilaginous, glabrous; g. arcuate, white.
      18. [Juranum, Q. Obtuse, rufous then pale, white-floccose, margin crenulate, mealy; g. white, crowded; s. solid, white, apex mealy.
      19. ** Gills violet, grey or smoky.
      20. [urbum, Fr. P. campan.-exp. brownish black with bluish tinge, subumb., margin straight; g. densely crowded, like flesh, bluish white; s. incurved, fibrillose, bulbous.
      21. sordidum, Fr. P. 2.5-7 cm. plano-depr. subumb. glabrous, brownish lilac then dusky; g. rounded, dingy violet then dusky; s. 4-5 cm. coloured like p. fibrillosely striate, slightly curved as a rule; sp. 7-8 × 3-4, minutely rugulose.
      22. Differs from T. nudum in being smaller, tougher, and hygrophanous.
      23. var. Feuilleauboisii, Lucand and Quel. The broadly gibbous p. and s. dark umber; g. deep violet.
      24. paedidum, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon depr. round conical umbo, smoky grey, somewhat streaked; g. crowded, adnexed, narrow, white then greyish; s. 2-3 cm. dingy grey, slightly striate base thickened; sp. 10-11 × 5-6.
      25. Differs from T. sordidum in having no trace of violet colour; T. lixivium differs in the free truncate gills.
      26. lixivium, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. greyish brown, soon plane and umb. margin expanded, membranaceous, striate; g. truncato-free, grey; s. 5-6 cm. grey, whitish floccose, often flexuous; sp. 7 × 4-5.
      28. [rasile, Fr. Soft. P. campan.-exp. umb. fibroso-virgate, undulate, fuliginous; g. connected by veins, greyish-umber, edge white floccose; s. equal, fibrillose.
      29. [favillarum, Fr. P. exp. depr. round umbo, even, glabrous, moist, edge spreading, even, whitish when dry; g. closely crowded, greyish.
      30. putidum, Fr. Smell strong, rancid. P. 2-3 cm. umb. even, soft, olive grey, hoary when dry; g. adnexed, crowded, grey; s. 2-3 cm. greyish, pruinose; sp. 8-10 × 3-5.
      31. Coll. rancida differs in glabrous, rooting stem.
      32. [hospitans, Fr. Shining white, campan. obtuse, even, edge straight, adpressed to stem at first; g. free, very ventricose; s. solid, fibrous, glabrous, apex pruinose.
      33. Resembling a Mycena but s. solid and fibrous.