War—What For?

by George R. Kirkpatrick

[346]. Principles of Sociology, Vol. III., pp. 84, 92, 148, 448; Appleton’s Edition, 1899. See also Lester F. Ward: Dynamic Sociology, Vol. I., pp. 287–90. (Italics mine. G. R. K.)

[347]. Dynamic Sociology, Vol. I., pp. 583–85.

[348]. The New Basis of Civilization, pp. 67, 69. Italics mine. G. R. K.

[349]. See discussion of parasites in Chapter Ten.

[350]. Newer Ideals of Peace, pp. 115–16.

[351]. National and Social Problems, p. 255.

[352]. Introduction to Sociology, pp. 136–39.

[353]. For a powerful argument showing the intellectual equality of the working class and the ruling class see Professor Lester F. Ward’s Applied Sociology. The political foolishness of the working class is not due to lack of brains, but to lack of books—books that tell the truth, the truth that clears the vision and rouses the passion for freedom and points the way.—Suggestions, next chapter.

INDEX.

• Abuse of Soldiers, [191]–199, [219]–223
• Advertisements for Soldiers, [108], [199]–201, [293]
• Aggression and Robbery, Social, [273]–337
• Airships, Dirigible, [90]
• “All War, Civil War,” [264]
• “American Brigadier, The,” Church Militarism, [230] et seq.
• American Civil War, [139]
• American Civil War, Cash Cost of, [55]–58
• American Revolutionists, Resistance by Force, [292]
• American Revolutionary War, Betrayal of Working-Class Soldiers in, [117]–118
• Anarchists, Capitalists as, [295]–296, [303]
• Andreief, Leonid,—“The Red Laugh”, [18]–19, [83]
• Another War, [30]–43, [97], [154]–158, [207], [217], [265], [284], [287], [289]–290, [312]–316, [333]–334,
• Antagonism in Present Social Structure, [273]–337
• Antagonism—Mutualism—in the Social Structure, [281] et seq.
• Antagonism—Second Possible Plan of Social Organization, [282]
• Antagonism, Social, Basis of, [282]
• Anti-patriotism of George Washington, [217]–218
• Arbitration, [202]–206, [308]–309
• Arbitration, “Nothing to Arbitrate,” [166]–167
• Aristocrats, Roman, Avoiding Infantry, [22]
• Armed Guard, Rapidly Increasing, Necessity of, New Danger, [42], [164]–174
• “Arm Everybody or Nobody,” [175]
• Arms, Defective, Provided Union Soldiers, [139]
• Arms, Modern, Improved, [77]–97
• Arms, Rapid Improvement of, [26]
• Arms, Right to Bear, [175]
• Army, Composed of Working-Class, General Army Staff Quoted, [10]
• “Army, the Poor Man’s University,” [176]
• Bankruptcy, [64]–73
• Barry, Richard, [82]–83, [88]
• Battles in Industry Compared With Battle in War, [164]
• Bayonet, a Stinger, [12]
• Births Prevented by Life in Military Service, [48]
• Block, J., [49], [56], [75], [80], [85], [89], [109]
• Blood Cost of War, in General, [47]–54;
  • in Manchuria, [145]
• Blood Lust, Fostering of, in Children, [213] et seq.
• Boer War, [32], [67], [93], [181] et seq.
• Bond Leech, International, [146]–148
• “Boys in Blue,” The, [118] et seq.
• “Boy Scout” Movement, The, [228]–233
• British Government, Its Betrayal of Soldiers in Napoleonic Wars and in the Boer War, [110]–118
• Brutality of Soldiers, [180] et seq.
• Bryan, W. J., [21]
  • In Cuban War, [178]–179
  • Sons of, [157]
• Bullets, Dumdum, [204]–205
• Business and Government in Impending War, [156]–157
• “Business Is Business,” [244]–272
• Caesar’s Victories, [105]
• Capitalism, [30]–46, [283] et seq.
• Capitalism, Destruction of, [291] et seq.
• Capitalism, Peace Impossible Under, [286]–289
• “Capital Produces Nothing,” [284]–285
• Canned Beef for Soldiers, [137]–144
• Cannibals, “Civilized,” [144]–148
• Carlyle, Thomas, on the “Brave Boys,” [189]–190
• Carnegie, Andrew, [289]
• Carnegie Steel Company, Patriotism of, [289]
• Cause of War, Chap. Three, Six, Ten, Eleven
• Challenge to Hague Peace Society, [206] et seq.
• Chattel Slave, Protection of, [97]–99
• Chattel Slavery, [282] et seq.
• Children, [207]–243, [338]–339
• Chinese Export Trade, [156]–157
• Christ, [21], [52], [144] et seq., [184], [226]–278, [244], [259]–260
• Characterization of, [260]–261
• Christian Governments in the Rôle of Procurers, [220]–223
• “Christianized” War, [52]
• Church, The, and War, [244]–272
  • Defense of Chattel Slavery, Serfdom and Capitalism, [256] et seq.
  • Training Children for Strikes and War, [228]–232
• “Civil War, All War Is,” [264]
• Civil War, American, [54]–58, [100]–101, [118]–124
• Civil War—in Industry, [37]–46, [168]–174
  • Origin and Perpetuation of, [318]–37
    • See also Chapter Ten
• Classes—Industrial, [274] et seq.
• Classes—Industrial, Property as Basis of, Professors Bluntschli and Fairbanks, [275]–276
• Classes, Social—What Creates, [286]
  • See Civil War in Industry.
• Class Interests—Clash of, [29]–46, [273]–337
• Class War, Raging Around Unsocialized Industrial Property, [167] et seq.
  • See Civil War in Industry.
• Clergy and War, The, [228]–234, [244]–272
• Clews, Henry, [121]–124, [285]
• Commander-in-Chief, Insult From, [10]
• “Come On! or Go Ahead!”, [107]
• Commerce Develops into Militarism, [29]–46, [137]–158
• Competition and War, [40]
  • Laborers Relieved of, by War, [188]
• Conciliation, See Arbitration.
• Conscription, in Caesar’s Time, [22], [77], [152]
  • For Napoleon’s Armies, [104]–05
• Conservatives, Liberals, [173]–174
• Constabulary, The State, [148]–153, [170]–175
• Corruption of Soldier Youths, Taft, Dickinson, Jordan, Col. Van Rensselaer, General Sherman and others, [219]–227
• Cossack, The American, See Constabulary.
• Cost of War, in Blood 100 years following 1789, total, [50]
• Cost in Cash, of War, [54] et seq.
  • In Manchuria, [145]
• Cost of War in Cash, [54]–76
• Credit Mobilier, [124]–137
• Crosby, Ernest, [237]
• “Cross, Cannon, and Cash Register,” [244]–272
• Cruelty of Soldiers, [180] et seq.
• Cuban War, [32], [94], [137]–144
• Cyclone of Dynamite, etc., on Battlefield, [89]–90
• Debts, War, [47], [54]–76
• Decadence, Physical, [45]–54, [92]–106
• Declamations for Children, [237] et seq.
• Declaration of Independence, American, [302]
• Democracy, Increasing, [70], [167]–168, [273]–316, [335]–337
• Deserters, System for Catching, [7], [77], [153], [193], [199]
• Despotism, Foundation, and Historical Forms, of, [282] et seq.
  • Also Chapter Eleven.
• “Dick” Militia Law, The, [161], [170] et seq.
• Disappointment of Young Soldiers, [194] et seq.
• Disarmament, [206] et seq.
• Disease in War, [48], [92]–97, [220]–223
• “Dreadnoughts,” [60]–65
• Dumdum Bullets, [204]–205
• Economic Determinism—Applications and Illustrations of, Chapters Six, Nine, Ten, Eleven
• Education and Militarism, [24]–25, [59]–76
• $8,000,000,000, [69]–74
• Elkins Law, [295]–296
• Employer Class, Interest of, Josiah Strong, [100]
• Enlistment, [77]–86, [97], [102]–103, [107]–109
• Expansion of Capitalism, [34]
• Exemptions, Substitutes, [160]–161, [228]–230
• “Explain!”, [293]–294
• Explosives, Modern, [77]–92
• Father and the Boys, [159] et seq.
• Ferrero, G., on Roosevelt Type of Greatness, [180], [187]
  • On War as a Promoter of Civilization, [185]
• “Fighting Parsons”, [244]–273
• Firing Line, the Industrial, [164]
• Fiske, John, on Evolution of Social Man, [183]
• Fittest, Survival of, in War, [47]–54, [188]–91
• Force, Resistance By, [291]–293
• “Foreigners”, [257]–264
• Foundation of Democracy, [281] et seq.
• Foundations of Society, Privately Owned, [39];
  • See Chapter Ten
• Foreign Markets, [30]–46, [155]–157, [254]–255, [333]–334
• Four Great Events, [306] et seq.
• Franchise, Right of, in America, [117]–118
• Franco-Prussian War, [26], [93], [160]–163, [210]
• Freedom, Evolution of, [334]–337
  • Foundation of, [273]–316
• “Freeing Cuba”, [137]–144
• French Wars of the Revolution, [49]
• Functions, Social—Organization Necessary for, [281]
• Future Wars, See “Another War.”
• Garrison, William Lloyd, on Patriotism, [216]
• “Governments Destroy Nations”, [70]
• Government’s, the Federal, Sneer at the Poverty of the Working Class, [108]–109
• Government, Use of, in Defense of Interests, by Washington and Others, [217]–219;
  • Discussion and Suggestion of, Frequent.
• Habit, Force of in Working Class, [326] et seq.
• Hague Peace Conference, [201]–205, [214], [289]–290
• Hale, Edward Everett, Rebukes Teachers of Blood Lust, [214]
• Harvard University, “Fashionable Cavalry”, [23]
• Hearst (Newspapers), [32]
• Hearst, Mr., Patriotic, [178]
• Hell, [77]–106
• Heroes, [180]–184
• History of Great American Fortunes, Gustavus Myers, [137], [139]
• Humanizing War, [203]–204
• Illinois Central Railway Company, Lands Secured by, [135]–136
• Impending War, See “Another War.”
• Income-Tax and Patriotism, [107]
• Industrial Function—Society Always Organized Primarily with Reference to, [281] et seq.
• Industrial Despotism, Historic Forms and Foundation of, [282] et seq.
• Ingersoll, R. G., [180], [182], [225], [235], [237]–238–241
• Insanity Among Soldiers, [6]–7, [88], [195]
• Institutions, Origin of, Illustrations, [317]–337
• International Citizens, [262]–264
• Japanese-Russian War, [99], [144]
• Jingoism, The Beginning of, [209]–210
• Jordan, President D. S., [104]–105, [198]
• Kidnapping and Militarism, [227]
• Labor Market, See Labor-power.
• Labor-power, Buying and Selling of, [29]–47, [97]–99, [106], [274]–275, [333]–337
• Lad’s Brigade, The, [230] et seq.
• “Land-Grant” Railroads, Land Gifts, etc., [124], [137]
• Law and Order, [6], [321]–322
• Liberals, Conservatives, [173]–174
• Limitation of Armaments, [69]–70;
  • See Hague Peace Society, The.
• Lincoln, President, and the Wall Street Patriots, [118]–137
• Lockouts, Strikes, Statistics of, [168]–169
• “Love of Country”, [217]–219
• “Man on Horseback, The”, [148] et seq.
• Marines, [108], [154]–158, [221]–222
• Markets, See Foreign Markets, and Labor-power.
• Medical Service, U. S. Government’s Criminal Neglect of, Utterly Inadequate, [94]–95, [143]–144
• Meditations of a Workingman, [153] et seq.
• Mexican War, [148]
• “Might Makes Right”, [21]–28, [185]–190
• Militarism, [29]–106;
  • In Public Schools, Chapter Eight.
• Militarism and Education, [59]–76
• Militarism and Kidnapping, [227]
• Militarism in Churches, [228]–233
• Military Tactics, Applied in Politics, [278]–280
• Militia and Army—Rich Men’s Sons in, [160], [176]–177
• Militiamen and Soldiers, [25], [40], [45], [46], [148], [151]–152
• Millionaires in Cuban War, [176]–178
• Ministers and War, [6], [20], [22], [24], [27], [28], [41], [44], [78], [244]–272
• Modern Machinery, Knowledge, Methods, Specially Import Result, [42]
• Moral Decline of Youth in Army, [180]–187, [219]–227
• Morocco-affair, The, [309]
• Moskow Campaign, [104]–105
• Mother—and the Boys and Girls, [207]–243
• Mothers, Special Suggestions for, [236] et seq.
• Murdering Machinery, Modern, [77]–92
• Mutualism—Antagonism in the Social Structure, [281] et seq.
• “My Country is the World, My Countrymen All Mankind”, [216]
• Napoleon, [104]–105, [110]–115, [124], [200], [208]–209, [237]
• Naturalness of Social Parasites’ Behavior, [286] et seq.
• Naval Life, Unnaturalness of and Disastrous Moral Results, [221]–222
• Navy, [58]–59, [69], [108], [191]
• Next War, The—How to Avoid Being Wounded in, [97]
• Non-Combatants, Destruction of, in Time of War, [48]–50
• Non-Resistance, [291] et seq.
• Northern Pacific Railway Company, Land Gifts to, [134]–136
• Norwegian-Swedish War, See “Four Great Events.”
• “No Sentiment in Business”, [244]–272
• Notice, Special, to Hague Peace Society, [206] et seq.
• “Obey or Starve”, [257]–258, [334]–337
• “Off for the Front”, [30]
• “Old Glory,” Abuse of, [150]
• Old Veteran and Young Cossack,, [148] et seq.
• One Christian Century of War, [52]–53
• Opportunity, Equal Basis of, [281]
• “Our Country!”, [218]–219, [225]–226
• Over-production, [37]–42, [333]–335
• Panic of 1907—Regular Soldiers’ Pay Advanced in by Congress, [152]–153
• Parades, Military, Purpose and Results, [199] et seq.
• Parasites, [7], [17], [137], [190]–191, [273]–337
• Parents, Suggestions to, [207]–243
• Patriotism, [227], [196]–197
• Patriotism a Matter of Cash. W. H. Taft and T. Roosevelt, [196]–197
• Patriotism, Capitalist, Specimens of, [107]–158
• Patriotism, Fallacy of False, Exploded by James Mackaye, [217]
• Patriotism, False, Taught to Children, [208] et seq.
• “Patriotism is Killing Spaniards,”, [252]–253
• Patriotism of Buyers of War Bonds, [118]–124
• Patriotism—of George Washington, [217]–218
• Patriotism—Lowell, J. R., on, [217]
• Patriotism, Petty, Interferes With Social Evolution of Child, [213], [215] et seq.
• Patriotism, Professor Paulsen on, [180]
• Patriotism, R. G. Ingersoll on, [180]
• Patriotism, R. W. Emerson on, [217]
• Patriots, Some Petty, [262]–264
• Peaceful Slaughter—in Industry, [97]–106
• Peace Impossible Without Socializing Unity of Interest, [257] et seq., [282] et seq.
• Peace on the Program, [262]–263
• Peace Societies, [201]–205
• Peace, Talk of, but Preparation for War, [154] et seq.
• Peace, The Hague Conference, [201]–205
• Penitentiary for the Rich, [295]–296
• Pensions, [55]–59
  • Industrial Pensions and Military Service Pensions, [163]–165
• Perverted Sex-Appetite in Life at Sea, [221]–222
• Philippines, A Soldier’s Letter from the, [198]
• Philippine War, [99]–101
• Pledge to Working Class, [11]
• Poetry that Poisons, [213], [214]
• Poisoned Arms, A Revolution Produced by, [203]–204
• Political Logic, Elementary, [167] et seq.
• Political Parties—Do Not Create Classes, [286]
• Political Party, Definition of, [304]
• Political Resistance, [293] et seq.
• Politics, Elementary, Chap. Ten.
• Politics, Military Tactics Applied in, [278]–280
• Poverty of Soldiers Following War, [110]–117, [137]–144
• Power, the Road to, [167]–168
• Powers of Government, Necessity of Capturing, [25], [41]–42, [75]–76, [105]–106, [159]–206, [273]–316
• Preachers on the Firing Line, [228]–230
• “Preaching Heaven, Practising Hell”, [230]
• Preparation for War, [34], [54]–76
  • Talk of Peace and Preparation for War, [154]–155
• Press, The, [24], [32], [177]–178, [336]–337, [338]–344
• Prevention of War, [24]–25, [105]–106, [158], [160], [174]–176, [201]–206, [235]–243, Chapters Nine, Ten;
  • “Four Great Events,” pp. [306] et seq.
• Prize-Fighter Statesmanship, [58]–76
• Procurers, Christian Governments as, [220]–223
• Progress Promoted by War, [184] et seq.
• Property Basis of Social Classes—Professors Bluntschli and Fairbanks, [275]–276
• Property Rights, “Sacred”, [39], [322]–325
• Property, Socialized, [167]–168
• Prostitutes Furnished by Christian Governments to Their Soldiers, [219]–223
• Quarters, Soldiers’, [192] et seq.
• Race Suicide, [207]–209
• Rag-Money for “Boys in Blue,”, [119]–120
• Rations—For Soldiers, [191] et seq.
• “Real War, The,” Ruskin, J., [227]
• Rebellion, [69]–70
  • See Washington.
• Recitations, Declamations, Selections from Chapters One, Two, Four, Five, Six, Eight, Nine, Ten. See Suggestions Chapter Twelve.
• Recruiting, [42], [43]
• Recruiting—Devices, [108]
• Red Cross Society, [88]
• “Remembering the Maine,” See “Freeing Cuba.”
• Resistance by all Forms of Power, [292]–294
• Revolution, [300]–303
• Revolutionary War, American, [57]
• Revolutionists, American, [217]–218, [292], [302]–303
• Revolution of Opinion, [152]–153, [187]
• Revolution, Prepare For, [167]–168
• Revolution, Produced by Poisoned Arms, [203]–204
• Rifle Practice Clubs in Public Schools, [233] et seq.
• Rifle Ranges in Public Schools, [210] et seq.
• “Righteous War”, Chapter Nine
• Risks in War—At the Front and in Wall Street. See “Clews.”
  • See also, [163]–164
• Road to Power, The, [167]–168
• Robbery, Institutional, [282] et seq.
• Romans, Decadence of, [105]
• Roosevelt, T., [21], [47], [93], [102], [141]–143, [157], [179]–180, [197], [233], [251]–253
• Rough Riders, The, [140]
• Royal Timber Company, The, [144] et seq.
• Russian-Japanese War, [18]–19, [68]–69, [86]–88, [101], [144] et seq.
• School Children, Deception of, [56]
• Schools, Public, Abuse of, by Militarists, Chapter Eight
• Schools, Use of, to Betray and Poison Children, [213] et seq.
• Sedan, Battle of, [84], [85], [163]
• Senate, U. S., Dignity and Nobility of, [124]–137
• “Sentiment in Business”, [244]–272
• Seven Days’ Battle, [124] et seq.
• Seventh Regiment (N. Y.), The, [176]–177
• “Silence!” The Command of Despotism, [113]–114, [148]
• Silent Destroyer, Disease, The, [92]–97
• Slavery as a Revolution, [318]
• Slavery, Serfdom, Capitalism, Purpose of, [38]
• Socialist Party and War, [68], [270]–272, Chapter Ten, [336]–337
• Social Organization—Mutualism, Antagonism, Two Possible Social Forms, [281] et seq.
• South-African War, [103]
• Spanish-American War, [93], [176]–177
• Special Warning, A, [154] et seq.
• Standing Army, A, [109]–110, [170]–176
• Statesmen, Politicians, in War, [30]
  • Temptations of, [44]
• Strikes, [17]
  • Militiaman’s Cheap Rôle in, [45]–46, [189]4, [165]–166
  • At Iron Mines in Minnesota, [190]7, [166] et seq.
  • “Great Coal Strike”, [148] et seq.
  • Strikes, Lockouts, Statistics of, [168]–169
  • Schoolboys Prepared for Strikes, [233]–235
• Substitutes, Exemptions, [160]–161
• Suggestions, [25], [54], [56], [58], [68], [74]–76, [97], [105]–106, [174]–175, [184], [210]–214, [236] et seq., [293]–294; Chapters Eleven, Twelve
• Suicide, [6]–7, [77], [194] et seq.
• Surgery Applied to Society, [298]–299
• Surplus, [37]–43
• Surplus Products, Embarrassingly large, [254], [255]
• Swedish-Norwegian War, See “Four Great Events”, [306] et seq.
• Taft, W. H., [10], [48], [154]–157, [191] et seq., [195] et seq., [219], [295]–296
• Teachers, School, Their Power to Blast or Develop Social Nature of Child, [209]–216
• Teaching Youths How to Avoid Venereal Disease in Associating With Women (U. S. Government and British Government), [219]–223
• Temptations Frankly Offered by Federal Government, [192] et seq.
• Territorial Force Act (English), “Dick” Law, [173]–174
• The Hague Peace Society, [202] et seq.
• “The War is the Class War”, [37]–46, [286]
• “To Arms! To Arms!”, [13]–17, [289]–291
• “Topics for Discussion”, [159]–243
• Toys, Military, [216]
• “Train Everybody or Nobody”, [175]
• “Trade Follows the Flag”, [36]
• Trust Laws, [295]–296
• Tsar of Russia, and The Hague Peace Conference, [201]–202
• Tyranny Protected by the Flag, Chapter Six, Seventh Illustration, and [148]–153, [164]–165
• “Undesirable Citizens,” Soldiers as, W. H. Taft, [195] et seq., [260]–262
• Unemployed, The, [42], [152]–153
• Union Pacific Railway Charter, [124]–137
• Universal Military Service, Chapter Seven (3), (11), (12)
• Venereal Diseases, [48], [49], [219]–223
• “Vision of the Future,” Ingersoll’s, [242]
• “Vision of War,” Ingersoll’s, [240]–241
• Volunteers, [77]
• Wage-System, See Labor-power, Buying and Selling of.
• Wall Street Patriots, [118]–124
• Walsh, Dr. Walter, [147], [182], [199], [210], [222]–223, [266] et seq.
• “War a Collision of Interests,” General Von der Goltz, [170]
• War and Industry, Comparative Destruction of Life in, [77]–92
• War, and the Survival of the Fittest, [188]
• War and Women, [207]–243
• War as Hell, Chap. Five, [160], [289]–291
• War as a Relief to Competition Among Laborers, [188]
• War as a System of Exploitation, Ferrero, [187]
• War, Comment on, [160]
• War, Definition of, [21]
• Ward, Lester F., [38], [183], [284], [292], [328]
• War, Explanation of, Motives and Occasions of, Chaps. Three, Six, Ten, Eleven
• “War is Hell”, [159]–160
• War Necessary to Progress, [184] et seq.
• War, Origin of, [317]–337
• Warning, Special, [14], [17], [154]–158, [288]–290, [311]–316
• “War” Statesmen, Popularity of, [44]
• War—The Class Struggle, [286] et seq.;
  • See Classes
• War, The Next, See “Another War.”
• War, What is Determined By, [21]–28, [185]–188
• War—What to Do About It, [159]–243, [273]–316; passim
• War, Who Want, Who Declare, Who Fight, [29] et seq.
• Washington, Anti-Patriot, [217]–218
  • Letter to John Bannister on Patriotism, [148]
• Waterloo, Battle of, [110]–111
• “Welcome Home!”, [107]–158
• “Wintering” in the Army, [153]
• Women and War, [18], [26], [207]–243
• Working Class, Self-Defense of, [1]–344
• Wounded, the Difficulties in Attending to in Modern War, [94]
• “Young Men Not Only Willing but Anxious to Fight,” Origin of Saying, [47]
• Youth, Conscription of, for Napoleon’s Armies, [104]–105
• Zeppelin’s, Count, Airship, [90]
• Zola, Emile, The Downfall, [26], [83], [211]–212