Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch / A contribution to the study of the linguistic relations of English and Scandinavian

by George T. Flom

Yird, sb. earth. Not from Dan. jord. See next word.

Yirth, sb. earth, an inorganic y (see § 18). Not from O. N. jörð. For d in yird see § 19.

[24. Loanword Tests.]

I have adopted the following tests of form, meaning and distribution in determining the Scand. source of loanwords:

1. The diphthong ou, ow corresponding to O. N. ou, O. E. ea.

2. Ai, ay corresponding to O. N. æi, O. E. ā as far as such words can be determined from modern dialects according to § 20.

3. The spirant th corresponding to O. N. ð, and O. E. d.

4. Consonantal assimilation of nk to kk, mb to bb, mp to pp, ðl to ll, zd and rd to dd, corresponding to similar assimilation in Scand.

5. Other consonantal and inflexional forms that are Scand., as opposed to O. Nhb. d for Scand. d, O. E. ð excluded, see §§ 19 and 23.

6. A word that is used in a sense distinctively Scand., as opposed to Eng. or L. G., is to be regarded as a loanword.