History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880. Vol 1 / Negroes as Slaves, as Soldiers, and as Citizens

by George Washington Williams

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INDEX.

• Abbott, Granville S., verses by, [111].
• Adams, Abigail, views on slavery, [227].
• Adams, John,
  • views on slavery, [203];
  • letter to Jonathan Sewall on emancipation, [207].
• Adams, Samuel, urges the consideration of the memorial of Massachusetts Negroes, [234].
• Adgai, see Crowther.
• Africa,
  • described, [14];
  • Negro tribes, [24], [25];
  • Negro kingdoms, [26], [28], [31];
  • natives engage in the slave-trade, [27];
  • laws, [30], [56], [57];
  • religion, [30], [81-84], [89], [90];
  • war between the different tribes, [35-39];
  • war with England, [41-43];
  • patriarchal government, [50], [54], [55];
  • villages described, [51], [52];
  • architecture, [51-53];
  • women reign in, [55], [56];
  • marriage, [57], [58];
  • polygamy, [58];
  • status of the natives, [58], [59];
  • warfare, [61], [62];
  • agriculture, [62], [63];
  • mechanic arts, [63-65];
  • languages, [66-70], [90], [459];
  • literature, [75-80];
  • colony founded at Sierra Leone, [86], [87];
  • and Liberia, [95], [97];
  • first emigrants to, [97];
  • republican government established, [100];
  • first constitution abolishing slavery in Liberia, [103-105];
  • weaker tribes chief source of slavery, [109], [120];
  • early Christianity in, [111];
  • earliest commerce for slaves between America and, [115];
  • slaves from Angola, [134];
  • shipload of slaves from Sierra Leone sold at Hispaniola, [138];
  • number of Negroes stolen from annually, [237];
  • slaves from, sold at Barbadoes, [259];
  • cities of, described, [450];
  • number of slaves brought from, [463].
  • See Negroes.
• African Company,
  • their charter abolished, [41]:
  • see Royal African Company.
• Akwasi Osai, king of Ashantee,
  • invades Dahomey, [35];
  • his defeat and death, [36].
• Alexander, James, volunteers to prosecute the Negroes in New York, [151], [158], [166].
• Alricks, Peter, resident of New York 1657, [250].
• Amasis, king of Egypt, [457].
• Amenophis, king of Egypt, [458].
• America,
  • introduction of Negro slaves, [116];
  • colonies declare independence, [412];
  • slavery in, [461];
  • slaves imported to British America, [463].
• American Colonization Society locate a colony at Monrovia, [97].
• American Revolution,
  • service of Negroes in the army of the, [324], [334], [337], [342], [353], [362];
  • slavery during the, [402].
• Ames, Edward B., remarks in favor of the government of Liberia, [99].
• Angola, Africa, slaves imported from, [134].
• Anne, queen of England, encourages the slave-trade, [140].
• Anti-slavery societies,
  • memorials to Congress, [437];
  • convention held at Philadelphia, [438].
• Apoko, Osai, king of Ashantee, [36].
• Appleton, Nathaniel,
  • defends the doctrine of freedom for all, [204];
  • author of "Consideration on Slavery," [218].
• Apries, king of Egypt, [456].
• Argall, Samuel, engaged in the slave-trade, [116], [117].
• Ashantee Empire,
  • described, [34];
  • wars of, [35], [37-39];
  • revolt in, [36];
  • troubles with England, [41], [42];
  • massacre of women, [42];
  • government, [44].
• Asia,
  • idols with Negro features in, [17];
  • traces of the race, [18].
• Asychis, king of Egypt, [458].
• Attucks, Crispus,
  • advertised as a runaway slave, [330];
  • figures in the Boston Massacre, [330];
  • his death and funeral, [331];
  • letter to Gov. Hutchinson, [332].
• Aviia, tribe in Africa, [51].
• Aviro, Alfonso de, discovers Benin in Africa, [26].

• Babel, the tower of, built by an Ethiopian, [453].
• Babylon, description of, [454].
• Bancroft, George, views on slavery, [206].
• Banneker, Benjamin,
  • astronomer and philosopher, [386];
  • farmer and inventor, [387];
  • mathematician, [388];
  • his first calculation of an eclipse, [389];
  • letter to George Ellicott, [389];
  • character of, [390];
  • his business transactions, [391];
  • verses addressed to, [392];
  • letter to Mrs. Mason, [392];
  • his first almanac, [393];
  • letter to Thomas Jefferson, [394];
  • accompanies commissioners to run the lines of District of Columbia, [397];
  • his habits of studying the heavenly bodies, [397];
  • his death, [398].
• Baptist missionaries in Liberia, [101].
• Barbadoes,
  • Negro slaves exchanged for Indians, [174];
  • a slave-market for New-England traders, [181];
  • Rhode Island supplied with slaves from, [269].
• Barrère, Peter, treatise on the color of the skin, [19].
• Barton, Col. William, captures Gen. Prescott, [366].
• Bates, John, a slave-trader, [269].
• Belknap, Jeremy, remarks on the slave-trials in Massachusetts, [232].
• Benin, a kingdom in Africa,
  • supplies America with slaves, [26];
  • discovered by the Portuguese and colonized, [26];
  • the king contracts to Christianize his subjects for a white wife, [27];
  • the kingdom divided, and slave-trade suppressed, [28].
• Berkeley, Sir William, opposed to education and printing, [132].
• Bermuda Islands,
  • slaves placed on Warwick's plantation, [118], [119];
  • Pequod Indians exchanged for Negroes at, [173].
• Bernard, John, governor of the Bermudas, [118].
• Beverley, Robert, correction of his History of Virginia, [116].
• Bill, Jacob, a slave-trader, [269].
• Billing, Joseph, sued by his slave Amos Newport, [229].
• Blumenbach, Jean Frederic, opinion in regard to the color of the skin, [19].
• Blyden, Edward W.,
  • defines the term "Negro," [12];
  • president of Liberia College, [102].
• Board of Trade,
  • circular to the governors of the English colonies, relative to Negro slaves, [267];
  • reply of Gov. Cranston of Rhode Island, [269].
• Bolzius, Henry, favors the introduction of slavery into Georgia, [321].
• Boombo, a Negro chief of Liberia, [106].
• Borden, Cuff, a Negro slave in Massachusetts, sued for trespass and ordered to be sold to satisfy judgment, [278].
• Boston,
  • a slave-trader from, [181];
  • Negro prohibited from employment in manufacturing hoops, [196];
  • number of slaves in, [205];
  • instructs the representatives to vote against the slave-trade, [221];
  • Negroes charged with firing the town, [226];
  • articles for the regulation of Negroes passed, [226];
  • massacre in, 1770, [330];
  • Negroes on Castle Island, [376], [378].
• Bowditch, Thomas Edward, commissioner to treat with the Ashantees, [39].
• Bradley, Richard, attorney-general of New York, prosecutes the Negroes, [166].
• Bradstreet, Ann, frees her slave, [207].
• Brazil, slaves sold to the Dutch, [136].
• Brewster, Capt. Edward, banished by Capt. Argall, [117].
• Brewster, Thomas, a slave-trader, [269].
• Bristol County, Mass., a slave ordered to be sold, to satisfy judgment against him for trespass, [278].
• British army, Negroes in the, [87].
• Brown, John, reproved by Virginia committee of 1775 for purchasing slaves, [328].
• Brown, Joseph, effect of climate on man, [46].
• Bruce, James, discovers the ruins of the city of Meroe, [6].
• Bunker Hill, Negroes in the battle of, [363].
• Burgess, Ebenezer, missionary to Monrovia, [97].
• Burton, Mary,
  • testifies in the Negro plot at New York, 1741, [147], [148], [150], [158], [160], [162-164], [167], [168];
  • recompensed by the government, [170].
• Busiris, king of Egypt, [458].
• Butler, Nathaniel, commissioner for Virginia Company, [118].

• Cade, Elizabeth, a witness in the Somersett case, [205].
• Calanee, image of Buddha at, [17].
• Caldwell, Jonas, killed at the Boston Massacre, [331].
• Campbell, Sir Neill, determines the war with Ashantees, [43].
• Canaan, the curse of, [444].
• Canada, expedition from New York against, [143].
• Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, [6].
• Carey, Lot, vice-agent of Liberia, [101].
• Carey, Peggy,
  • implicated with Negro plot in New York, 1741, [147];
  • trial, [152];
  • found guilty, [152];
  • her evidence, [153];
  • sentenced to be hanged, [158].
• Carr, Patrick, wounded at the Boston Massacre, [331].
• Cartel, Edwin, a slave-trader, [269].
• Carthage, description of, [452].
• Castle Island, Boston,
  • Negroes sent to the barracks at, [376];
  • list of the same, [378].
• Cepharenus, king of Egypt, [458],
• Ceylon, image of Buddha at, [17].
• Chaillu, Paul B. Du,
  • description of the Obongos, [46];
  • of the villages of Mandji and Ishogo, [51], [52].
• Chambers, John, volunteers to prosecute the Negroes in New York, [151], [158], [166].
• Charles V., grants a patent to import Negroes to America, [115].
• Charleston, S.C.,
  • slave-market at, [299],
  • Negroes from, recaptured, [376];
  • list of, [378];
  • claimed by owners, [379].
• Charlestown, Mass., Negro slaves executed at, in 1755, [226].
• Chastellux, Marquis de, describes the bravery of Col. Greene's Negro regiment at the battle of Rhode Island, [368].
• Cheops, king of Egypt, [458].
• Chibbu, Kudjoh, captured by the English, [42].
• Chisholm, Major J, services in Ashantee mentioned, [41], [42].
• Christy, David, describes the colony of Liberia, [107].
• Cintra, Piedro de, discoverer of Sierra Leone, [85].
• Clinton, Sir Henry, proclamation concerning fugitive Negroes, 1779, [357].
• Codman, John, poisoned by his slave, [226].
• Coleman, Elihu, author of "Testimony against making Slaves of Men," [318].
• Coney Island, N.Y., slave captured at, [343].
• Congo Empire, Shinga queen of, [55].
• Congress, see United-States Congress.
• Connecticut,
  • slavery in, [252-261];
  • Negro slaves introduced, [252];
  • number of Negroes in 1680, [253];
  • purchase and treatment of slaves and free persons, [253];
  • persons manumitting slaves, to maintain them, [254];
  • commerce with slaves prohibited, [255];
  • punishment of insubordinate slaves, [256];
  • social conduct regulated, [257];
  • punished for using profane language, [258];
  • number of slaves in 1730, [259];
  • Indian slaves prohibited, [250];
  • Indian and Negro slavery legalized, [259];
  • limited rights of free Negroes, [259];
  • Negro population in 1762, [260];
  • importation of slaves prohibited, [261];
  • number of slaves in 1715, [325];
  • enlistment of Negroes prohibited, [343];
  • enlisted, [345];
  • a Colored company recruited by David Humphreys, [361];
  • slave population in 1790, [436].
• Continental army,
  • condition of the, [334];
  • Negroes in the, [337];
  • Negro regiment raised for the, [342];
  • number of men supplied to the, [353];
  • return of Negroes in 1778, [362].
• Continental Congress,
  • prohibits the importation of Negroes, [325];
  • debate on the discharge of Negroes from the army, [335];
  • action on the enlistment of Negroes, [355];
  • resolution to establish courts to decide cases of captured slaves, [370];
  • action of the, relative to Negroes captured at sea, [373];
  • discussion on the, Western territory, [415], [416];
  • last meeting, [416].
• Cooke, Nicholas, governor of Rhode Island, letters to Washington on the enlistment of Negroes, [346], [349].
• Cornwallis, Lord, proclamation offering protection to fugitive Negroes, [358].
• Cox, Melville B., missionary to Monrovia, [98].
• Cranston, Samuel, letter to the board of trade, relative to Negro slaves in Rhode Island, [269].
• Croker, John, testimony in the Negro plot at New York, [168].
• Crowther,
  • Negro sold into slavery, [32];
  • set at liberty by the English, [33];
  • fitted for the ministry, returns to Africa as a missionary, [33].
• Cuffe, John, sketch of, [202].
• Cuffe, Paul, a distinguished Negro, [202].
• Cush,
  • ancestor of the Negro race, [10];
  • meaning of the term, [13].
• Cushing, Nathan, his opinion, 1783, relative to the South-Carolina Negroes, [381].
• Cuvier, Baron, varieties of the human form, [3].
• Cyrene, Africa,
  • mentioned, [5];
  • described, [452].
• Dahomey, a Negro kingdom of Africa,
  • described, [28];
  • women serve in the army, [29];
  • laws, [30];
  • invaded by King Akwasi, [35].
• Dalton, Richard, his slave reads Greek, [202].
• Davis, Hugh, a white servant, flogged in Virginia, for consorting with a Negro woman, [121].
• Deane, Thomas, mentioned, [196].
• Delaware,
  • slavery in, [249-251];
  • settled by Danes and Swedes, [249];
  • slavery not allowed by the Swedes, [249];
  • conveyed to William Penn, [249];
  • granted a separate government, [249];
  • slavery introduced, [249];
  • first legislation on slavery, [250];
  • law for the regulation of servants, [250];
  • act restraining manumission of slaves, [250];
  • number of slaves in 1715, [325];
  • slave population in 1790, [436].
• Denmark, engaged in the slave-trade, [463].
• Denny, Thomas, representative of Leicester, Mass., instructed to vote against slavery, [225].
• Derham, James, a Negro physician of New Orleans, [400].
• Desbrosses, Elias, testimony in the Negro plot in New York, 1741, [165].
• "Desire," ship built for the slave-trade, [174].
• Dodge, Caleb, of Beverly, Mass., sued by his slave, [231].
• Dorsey, Charles W., character of Banneker, the Negro astronomer, [390].
• Duchet, Sir Lionel, engaged in the slave-trade, [138].
• Dummer, William, proclamation against Negroes of Boston, [226].
• Dunmore, Lord,
  • proclamation in regard to fugitive Negroes, [336];
  • condemned by the Virginia convention, [341];
  • his failure to enlist Negroes, [342].
• Dupuis, M., appointed English consul to the court of Ashantee, [40].
• Dutch man-of-war
  • lands the first Negroes in Virginia, [118];
  • engage in the slave-trade, [124];
  • import slaves to New Netherlands, [135];
  • encourage the trade, [136];
  • settlement on the Delaware, [312].

• Earl, John, his connection with the Negro plot at New York, [163].
• East Greenwich, R.I., bridge built at, by Negro impost-tax, [275].
• Egmont, Earl of, opposed to slavery in Georgia, [319].
• Egypt,
  • first settlers of, [6], [10];
  • Negro and Mulatto races in, [14];
  • slavery in, [17];
  • Negro civilization imitated by, [22];
  • the Ethiopian kings of, [454].
• Elizabeth, Queen, of England, encourages the slave-trade, [138].
• Elizabeth, N.J., police regulations, [286].
• England,
  • suppresses the slave-trade, [28], [31];
  • sends agricultural implements, machinery, and missionaries to Africa, [32];
  • conduct in the Ashantee war, [38], [41], [42];
  • treaty with Ashantee, [42];
  • founds a colony in Sierra Leone, [86];
  • all slaves declared free on reaching British soil, [86];
  • declares slave-trade piracy, [87];
  • establishes a mission at Sierra Leone, [89];
  • women sent to Virginia, [119];
  • laws relating to slavery, [125];
  • sanctions the slave-trade, [138-140], [463];
  • courts decide in 1677 that a Negro slave is property, [190];
  • slavery recognized in, [203];
  • agrees to furnish Negroes to the West Indies, [236];
  • treaty with United States, [382].
• Enoch, description of the city of, [453].
• Ethiopia,
  • war with Cæsar, [6];
  • natives same race as Egyptians, [6];
  • meaning of, [13];
  • cities of, described, [453];
  • kings rule Egypt, [454].

• Fairfax, Va., meeting at, in 1774, pass resolutions against slavery, [327].
• "Fanny," brig, arrives at Norfolk, Va., with slaves, [328].
• Federal Constitution, proceedings of convention to frame the, [417].
• Ferguson, Dr., describes character of the inhabitants of Sierra Leone, [90-93].
• Folger, Elisha, captain of ship "Friendship," sued for recovery of a slave, [231].
• Forbes, Archibald, mentions Africans nine feet in height, [59].
• Fox, George, views concerning slaves, [313].
• France engaged in the slave-trade, [463].
• Franklin, Benjamin,
  • letter to Dean Woodward on the abolition of slavery, [327];
  • address to the public on the abolition of slavery, [431].
• Friends, see Quakers.
• Fuller, Thomas, a Negro mathematician, [399].

• Gage, Thomas, refuses to sign the bill to prevent the importation of Negroes into Massachusetts, [235], [237].
• Gates, Gen. Horatio, his order not to enlist Negroes, [334].
• George III. in 1751 repeals the act declaring slaves real estate, [125].
• Georgia,
  • slavery in, [316-323];
  • colony of, established, [316];
  • slavery prohibited in, [316], [317];
  • discussion in regard to the admission of slavery, [318-322];
  • clandestine importation of Negroes, [320];
  • slavery established, [322];
  • history of slavery, [322];
  • number of slaves in 1715, [325];
  • importation of slaves prohibited, [440];
  • slave population in 1790, [436].
• Germantown, Penn., memorial of Quakers against slavery in 1688, [313].
• Glasgow, Scotland, a slave liberated in 1762, [463].
• Goddard, Benjamin, protests against enlisting Negroes in Grafton, Mass., [352].
• Godfrey family of South Carolina, killed by a Negro mob, [299].
• Gordon, William,
  • letter on the emancipation of slaves, [402];
  • deposed as chaplain of the legislature of Massachusetts, [409].
• Grafton, Mass., protest in 1778 against the enlistment of Negroes, [352].
• Grahame, Judge Thomas, liberates Negro slave in Glasgow, Scotland, [463].
• Gray, Samuel, killed at the Boston Massacre, [331].
• Greece, Negro civilization imitated by, [22].
• Greene, Col. Christopher,
  • commands a Negro regiment in 1778 at battle of Rhode Island, [368];
  • his death, [369].
• Greene, Gen. Nathanael,
  • letters to Washington on the raising of a Negro regiment, [342];
  • on the enlistment of Negroes, the British army, [359];
  • at battle of Rhode Island, [368].
• Greenleaf, Richard, sued by his slave, [204], [231].
• Guerard, Benjamin, governor of South Carolina, letter to Gov. Hancock relative to slaves recaptured from the British, [380].
• Guyot, Arnold H., opinion on the diversity of the human race, [20].

• Habersham, James, favors slavery in Georgia, [318], [321].
• Ham,
  • the progenitor of the Negro race, [8];
  • family of, [9], [11];
  • founder of the Babylonian empire, [9].
• Hamilton, Alexander,
  • letter to John Jay on the enlistment of Negroes, [354];
  • opinion in regard to slaves captured by the British, [381].
• Hamilton, Dr., his connection with the Negro plot at New York, [160].
• Hancock, John, letter on the condition of the South-Carolina Negroes recaptured from the British, [378].
• "Hannibal," sloop, Negroes captured from, [372].
• Harcourt, Col. William, captures Gen. Charles Lee, [366].
• Harper, ——, one of the founders of the colony at Cape Palmas, Liberia, [95].
• Harris, Rev. Samuel, describes bravery of Negro regiment at battle of Rhode Island, [369].
• Hawkins, Sir John, a slave-trader, [138].
• "Hazard," armed vessel, recaptures Negroes, [376].
• Hendrick, Cæsar, a slave, sues for his freedom, [204], [231].
• Hessian officer, letter on the employment of Negroes in the army, [343].
• Hillgroue, Nicholas, engaged in the slave-trade, [269].
• Hispaniola, slaves from Sierra Leone sold at, [138].
• Hobby, Mr., Negro in the army claimed by, [384].
• Hogg, Robert, a merchant of New York, robbed by Negroes, [145].
• Holbrook, Felix, petition of, for freedom, [133].
• Holland,
  • growth of slavery in New Netherlands, [134];
  • children of manumitted Negroes held as slaves to serve the government of, [135];
  • slaves exchanged for tobacco, [136];
  • engaged in the slave-trade, [463].
• Holt, Lord, his opinion that slavery was unknown to English law, [203].
• Hopkins, John H., views of slavery, [7], [8].
• Hopkins, Samuel, necessity of employing the Negroes in the American army, [338].
• Horsmanden, Daniel, one of the judges in the trial of the Negro plot at New York, 1741, [148].