[398] P. 82 f.
[399] Livy viii. 8. 3; Dion. Hal. iv. 22. 1.
[400] It is unnecessary here to consider the question as to the historical personality of Servius Tullius. In this volume the name will be given to the king (or group of kings?) who instituted the so-called Servian tribes and the military centuries and made a beginning of the census.
[401] P. 201.
[402] Helbig, Sur les attributes des saliens, in Mémoires de l’acad. d. inscr. et belles-let. xxxvii (1906). 230 ff.; cf. Comptes rendus de l’acad. etc. 1904. ii. 206-12. Helbig finds that the Latino-Etruscan equipments of the time preceding Hellenic influence, as shown by archaeology, correspond closely with those of the Salii, whom he regards therefore as religious survivals from that early civilization. It is from archaeological data, combined with the well-known equipment of the Salii, that the close resemblance between the early Latino-Etruscan and the Mycenaean military system is established.
[403] Not merely the chief, as Helbig, Comptes rendus, 1900. 517, supposes. The ἠνίοχοι καὶ παραβάται who fought at Delium, and whom he rightly regards as a survival from the age of war-chariots, acted as a company not as individuals; Diod. xii. 70. 1.
[404] Helbig, Le Currus du roi Romain, in Mélanges Perrot, 167 f. It was like that chiseled on a gravestone found by Dr. Schliemann on the acropolis of Mycenae, in the main identical with the Homeric chariot, represented in later time on the famous sarcophagus at Clazomenae; Pellegrini, in Milani, Studi e materiali, i. 91-3, 98.
[405] That the army of Romulus—the primitive Roman army—was a single legion, and that the Servian reform consisted accordingly in doubling it, is an ancient hypothesis accepted by some moderns, as Smith, Röm. Timokr. 38 f. An organization in definite numbers, however, as 1000 from each tribe, cannot arise till the state has grown sufficiently populous to make up the army of a part only of its available strength, when folk and army have ceased to be identical (Schrader, Reallex. 350), and it is agreed that this condition was not reached till after the adoption of the Servian reform; Delbrück, Gesch d. Kriegsk. i. 225; Smith, ibid. 52 f., 56.
[406] Il. ii. 362.
[407] Schrader, ibid. For the Sueves, see Caesar, B. G. iv. 1; for the Lacedaemonian army, see p. 71. The assumption of Helbig, Comptes rendus, 1904. ii. 209, that the army was composed of patricians only is altogether unwarranted. Equally groundless is the notion of Soltau, Altröm. Volksversamml. 250, that the Homeric army was composed chiefly of nobles with a few light-armed dependents.