[408] Cf. Liers, Kriegswesen der Alten, 78; Niese in Hist. Zeitschr. xcviii (1907). 264, 266, 289.
[409] Il. iv. 293 ff.
[410] Represented by the dances of the Salii; Helbig, ibid. 211 f.
[411] Paus. iv. 8. 11; Polyaen. i. 10; Delbrück, Gesch. d. Kriegsk. i. 30 f.; Niese, in Hist. Zeitschr. xcviii (1907). 274 ff.
[412] Cf. Thuc. v. 70; Polyaen. i. 10.
[413] Cf. Thuc. v. 69. For this and other depths, see Delbrück, ibid. i. 25; Liers, Kriegswesen der Alten, 45; Lammert, in N. Jahrb. f. kl. Philol. xiii (1904). 276 f.
[414] Tyrtaeus, Frag. xi (Bergk). For the shield which covered “hips, legs, breast, and shoulders,” v. 23 f. It was abolished by Cleomenes III; Plut. Cleom. 11; cf. Liers, ibid. 34; Lammert, ibid. 276 f.
[415] XII. 26; Xen. Anab. i. 2. 16. A public gift of a bronze cuirass is mentioned by Aristotle, Lac. Pol. 75, Müller, Frag. Hist. Graec. ii. p. 127. Gilbert, Const. Antiq. 73; Delbrück, ibid. 25, maintain that the cuirass was a regular part of the equipment. This is true of soldiers who carried smaller shields.
[416] Beloch, Griech. Gesch. i. 200 f.; cf. Liers, Kriegswesen der Alten, 34 f.; Droysen, Griech. Kriegsalt. 3 ff.
[417] Cf. the name of one of these regiments Μεσσοάτης (Schol. Thuc. iv. 8) derived from the village or local tribe Messoa. Schol. Aristoph. Lysistr. 453, mentions five by name; cf. Aristotle, Frag. 541. Perhaps a sixth for guarding the kings was drawn from all the tribes; Busolt, Griech. Gesch. i. 535 ff. with notes. Lenschau, in Jahresb. ü. Altwiss. cxxxv. 83, holds that there were but four phylae.