[195] For example Weissenberg, Der oberger.-rät. Limes, No. 72.
[196] There are scarcely any exceptions, but at Stockstadt, Der oberger.-rät. Limes, No. 33, at Zugmantel, No. 8, at Sulz, No. 61a, and at Niederberg, No. 34, a slight exterior salience is given to some of the rectangular towers. At Niederbieber the gate towers have a considerable salience, and the intermediate towers are also salient, a variation to which Schultze (’Die römischen Stadttore,’ Bonner Jahrbuch, 1909, p. 324) attaches no importance.
[197] Mommsen, The Provinces of the Roman Empire, vol. ii, p. 153.
[198] Cf. Khirbet el Fityân, which belongs probably to the time of Diocletian, Brünnow-Domaszewski, vol. ii, p. 139.
[199] Brünnow-Domaszewski, vol. ii, p. 102, Fig. 685.
[200] It must be remembered that in all these ruins only those parts which remain above ground have been recorded. Excavation is needed to show the exact relation of the interior buildings to the encompassing wall at Ḍumair and Ledjdjûn.
[201] Revue biblique, 1904, p. 414. and Musil, Arabia Petraea, vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 118.
[202] Praetoria are occasionally found outside the walls in the fortified cities of Gaul, but there is no example earlier than the close of the third century. Blanchet, Les Enceintes romaines de la Gaule, p. 276.
[203] Butler, Ancient Architecture in Syria, Sect. A, pt. ii, p. 146.
[204] Idem, Sect. B, pt. ii, Plate 8.