[3] This story has nothing in common with the mediaeval tale of the compact between two friends that the first to die shall appear to the other. See the writer’s North-English Homily Collection, 1902, pp. 27–31.
[4] Apparently beneficent spirits, whose nature is half fairy and half angel. See Servian V. below.
[5] See chapter viii. and Sepp, pp. 678–680 for illustrations of the belief.
[6] One can conceive of separate generation of a very simple story under similar conditions, but not, I think, that a series of events showing combination of themes or detailed correspondence would so arise.
[7] Carnoy and Nicolaides, Traditions populaires de l’Asie Mineure, 1889, pp. 57–74.
[8] See Baring-Gould’s Curious Myths, 2nd ed. 1869, pp. 561 ff. for a popular account. The philosophical basis of the tale is discussed by Liebrecht, Zur Volkskunde, 1879, pp. 54 ff. (from Germania, xiii. 161 ff.), and by Hartland, Science of Fairy Tales, 1891, pp. 255–332, 337–347.
[9] See Hippe, p. 148.
[10] Or. und Occ. ii. 176.
[11] Kinder- und Hausmärchen, no. 28. See notes (ed. 1856), iii. 55, 56; also Köhler, Kleinere Schriften, i. 49, 54.
[12] See Hippe, p. 155. This analysis includes only the second of two well-defined parts. The first section is related to the English Sir Degarre (ed. from Auchinleck MS. for the Abbotsford Club, 1849; from Percy Folio, Hales and Furnivall, Percy Folio MS., 1868, iii. 16–48; early prints by Wynkyn de Worde, Copland, and John King; see G. Ellis, Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances, 1811, iii. 458 ff., J. Ashton, Romances of Chivalry, 1887, pp. 103 ff., Paul’s Grundriss, ii. i. 643). This connection was pointed out by Foerster, p. xxiii. The same material was used also in a Dutch chapbook, Jan wt den vergiere, of which a copy printed at Amsterdam is preserved at Göttingen. See the article “Niederländische Volksbücher,” by Karl Meyer, in Sammlung bibliothekswissenschaftlicher Arbeiten, ed. Dziatzko, viii. 17–22, 1895. I am indebted for this last reference to the kindness of Dr. G. L. Hamilton.