[13] See Hippe, pp. 152 f.

[14] See Hippe, pp. 158 f.

[15] This trait recalls the first of Chaucer’s two stories in the Nun’s Priest’s Tale, Cant. Tales, B. 4174–4252, where the comrade is found buried with dung on a cart.

[16] For a fuller analysis see Hippe, pp. 160–164.

[17] In Richars, Lion de Bourges, Dianese, and Sir Amadas he pays his all, even to his equipment for war, the most logical and, on the whole, probably the earlier form of the story.

[18] In all except Old Swedish and Sir Amadas the man was a knight; in these he was a merchant, the husband of the woman at whose house the hero lodges.

[19] “V le femme u l’auoir ares,” v. 5316.

[20] Though in Lion de Bourges he excepts the lady specifically.

[21] See Über Lion de Bourges, particularly pp. 46–54.

[22] See chapter vii.