Ritter (K.) Die Erdkunde von Asien, Berlin, 1832–59, 2nd edit., 18 vols. 8o and index.

Saint Martin (J.) Mémoires sur l’Arménie, Paris, 1818, 2 vols. 8o.

(In Armenian) Alishan (L.) (Mekhitarist), Province of Shirak, Venice, 1881; Province of Ararat, Venice, 1890; Province of Sisacan, Venice, 1893.

Early Travel.

Rubruck (William of) (Guillaume de Ruysbroeck or Rubruquis; Flemish monk (Franciscan); envoy to Khan of Tartary from Pope Innocent VI. and Louis IX.; travelled across Armenia in 1254.) New translation from Latin by W. Rockhill. Hakluyt Soc. ser. 2, iv. Lond. 1900, 8o.

Marco Polo (Venetian merchant; travelled in Tartary, India, Persia, and across Armenia to Trebizond, 1271–95.) First ed. in Italian, Venice, 1496. Eng. trans. with notes by Col. H. Yule, Lond. 1871, 2 vols. 8o. Many other editions.

Odericus of Pordenone (Italian Franciscan; travelled across Armenia c. 1318; a few lines only.) Italian in Ramusio, vol. ii. Venice, 1583, fol. Latin and English in Hakluyt’s Voyages, Lond. 1809–12.

Jordanus (Dominican missionary c. 1330; travelled in Armenia, short account.) Mirabilia Descripta: The Wonders of the East. Trans. from Latin by H. Yule, Hakluyt Soc. vol. xxxi. Lond. 1863, 8o.

Clavijo (Ruy Gonzalez de) (Castilian ambassador to Khan of Tartary, 1403–6.) Historia del gran Tamerlan, e itinerario, ec., Seville, 1582, fol. Eng. trans. by Clements Markham, Hakluyt Soc. vol. xxvi. Lond. 1859, 8o.

Zeno (Caterino) (Venetian envoy to Persia, 1471–73.) Ramusio, vol. ii. Venice, 1583, fol. Eng. trans. by C. Grey, Hakluyt Soc. vol. xlix. Lond. 1873, 8o.