Norman (C. B.) Armenia and the campaign of 1877, Lond. 1878, 8o.

Ryan (C. S.) and Sandes (J.) Under the Red Crescent (English surgeon at Plevna and Erzerum, 1877–78), Lond. 1897, 8o.

Williams (C.) The Armenian Campaign (1877), Lond. 1878, 8o.


Dottain (E.) La Turquie d’Asie d’après le traité de Berlin, Rev. de Géog. iii. pp. 204–18, Paris, 1878.

Kiepert (H.) Die neue russisch-türkische Grenze in Asien, Globus, xxxiv. p. 102, Brunswick, 1878.

Petermann (A.) Map of districts acquired by Russia by the Berlin Treaty of 1878, Petermann’s Mitth. xxiv. p. 321, Plate 16, Gotha, 1878; see also ibid. pp. 365–68, and Plate 20, and p. 393.

Sstebnizki (J.) Die russisch-türkische Grenze in Klein-Asien nach dem Berliner Tractat von 1878, Petermann’s Mitth. xxviii. pp. 129–32, Gotha, 1882.

Data for Map.

Khodzko (J.) Die russischen Aufnahmen im Kaukasus (Trigonometrical Survey), Petermann’s Mitth. x. pp. 361–67, Gotha, 1862.