Osten-Sacken (C. von) Die internationale Aufnahme der türkisch-persischen Grenze, Petermann’s Mitth. xi. pp. 131–33, Gotha, 1865.
Staritzky. Die katastral Vermessung Transkaukasiens, Petermann’s Mitth. x. pp. 84–86, Gotha, 1864.
Tschirikow (E. I.) Ueber die Arbeiten der persisch-türkischen Gränz-Commission, Erman’s Archive für wissenschaftliche Kunde von Russland, xix. pp. 218–24, Berlin, 1860.
Positions:
Gedeonoff (D.) In Russian. Geographical position of 50 points in Turkish Armenia and Kurdistan from astronomical observations made in 1889. (Extracted from Zapiski of War-topographical Bureau, 1891.) St. Pet. 1891, 4o pam.
Glascott (A. G.) Positions in Kurdistan astronomically determined, Jour. R. Geog. Soc. x. p. 432; note respecting the map of Kurdistan, ibid. pp. 433–34, Lond. 1840.
Kulberg (P. P.) In Russian. Astronomical work in the district of Kars and in Asiatic Turkey (1878). (Note on this article with positions of places in Armenia in Petermann’s Mitth. 1880, p. 154. The field telegraph was used to ascertain longitude.) Izvest. Imp. Russ. Geog. Soc. Cauc. Sect. vi. part i. Tiflis, 1879.
Struve (F. G. W.) Astronomical positions in European Turkey, Mount Caucasus and Asia Minor (1828–32). (Extracted from the Bulletin of the Academy of St. Pet. by H. G. Hamilton.) Jour. R. Geog. Soc. viii. pp. 406–11, Lond. 1838.
Altitudes:
Abich (H.) Ein Cyclus fundamentaler barometrischer Höhenbestimmungen auf dem armenischen Hochlande, Mém. Acad. Sc., sér. 7, xxvii. pp. 1–55, St. Pet. 1880.