[6] Smith and Dwight in op. cit. p. 64. There were also 645 families of Armenian Catholics and 50 of Greeks. The remainder were Mussulmans. [↑]
[7] C. F. Neumann, Geschichte der Uebersiedlung von 40,000 Armeniern welche im Jahre 1828 aus der Persischen Provinz Adebaidschan nach Russland anwanderten (from Russian of S. Glinka), Leipzig, 1834, 8vo. [↑]
[8] Brant, loc. cit. It is generally supposed that not less than 60,000 Armenians, headed by their bishop, accompanied the retirement of Paskevich’s army. [↑]
[9] Smith and Dwight, op. cit. p. 441. [↑]
[10] The plain of Erzerum may be said to commence on the west at the village of Titgir. [↑]
[11] The excursion to the Dümlü Dagh is a favourite one in summer. The sources of the Kara Su, or Western Euphrates, have been visited and described by Wagner (Reise nach Persien, Leipzig, 1852, vol. i. pp. 237 seq.) and by Strecker (Zeitschrift für Erdkunde, Berlin, 1869, pp. 159 seq.). For a catalogue of the various species of birds found in the marshes of the Kara Su or in the neighbourhood of Erzerum see Curzon, Armenia, London, 1854, chap. x. pp. 143 seq. [↑]
[12] For the citadel and old walls of Erzerum the following works may be consulted:—Reyse von Constantinopel, etc., by the Hoch Edelgeborener Herr Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Jena, 1675, 4o; Tournefort, Voyage au Levant, Paris, 1717, vol. ii. pp. 260 seq.; Morier, Journey through Persia, Armenia, etc., London, 1812, pp. 320 seq.; Macdonald Kinneir, Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, etc., London, 1818, pp. 366 seq.; Hamilton, Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus and Armenia, London, 1842, vol. i. pp. 178 seq.; Texier, Description de l’Arménie, Paris, 1842, part i. pp. 68 seq.; Koch, Reise im pontischen Gebirge und türkischen Armenien, Weimar, 1846, pp. 274 seq., and Curzon and Wagner in operibus citatis. Koch informs us of a Cufic inscription on the watch-tower in the citadel which was copied by his companion, Dr. Rosen. He adds that it would be published in due course. [↑]
[13] Dalyell in Journal R.G.S. 1863, p. 235; Dove, Zeitschrift für Erdkunde, Berlin, 1859, p. 67. The older travellers mention the circumstance that the houses in Erzerum were constructed of wood. Now they are all built of stone. [↑]
[14] I would refer my reader to the accounts of Hamilton, Texier, Curzon, Koch and Tozer. [↑]
[15] The Merchant in Persia, who travelled in the early part of the sixteenth century, noticed the emblem of an eagle with two heads and two crowns on the buildings of Diarbekr, once the capital of the Ortukids, and mistook it for the imperial arms. See the translation of his work by Charles Grey (Italian Travels in Persia, Hakluyt Society, London, 1873). [↑]