[16] Koch, Reise im pontischen Gebirge, etc., Weimar, 1846, p. 284. [↑]
[17] Hamilton was informed by his guide that the Chifteh Minareh itself was built by a Sultan of Iran “570 years ago.” That was in 1836. The same traveller speaks of a building in Erzerum somewhat resembling Chifteh Minareh but with one minaret only. It seems to be the same as that described by Texier under the name of Mourgo-Serai. I was assured that no such edifice exists at the present day. [↑]
[18] Samuel of Ani in Migne, Patrologiæ cursus completus, series Græca, Paris, 1857, vol. xix. p. 706. [↑]
[19] See also Vol. I. Ch. XVI. p. 261. [↑]
[20] Procopius, de bell. Pers. lib. i. c. 10. The student must be careful to distinguish this Theodosiopolis from the fortress of the same name on the Khabur. The letter of the emperor to the patriarch Isaac is given by Moses of Khorene, lib. iii. c. 57. [↑]
[21] Moses of Khorene, lib. iii. c. 59. Thousands of eggs are still collected in these marshes during spring by the inhabitants of the plain of Erzerum. The hot springs mentioned are evidently those of Ilija, a good hour’s drive to the west of Erzerum. [↑]
[22] Nöldeke, article “Persia” in Ency. Brit. 9th edit. vol. xviii. p. 611; Procopius, de Edificiis, iii. c. 5. [↑]
[23] Procopius in loc. cit. In the time of Justinian the frontier of Roman Armenia skirted the Persian frontier from the city of Amida (Diarbekr) as far as Theodosiopolis (ibid. iii. c. 1). [↑]
[24] Indgidgean, ap. Neumann, quoted by Ritter, Erdkunde, vol. x. p. 759. [↑]
[25] Issaverdens, Armenia and the Armenians, Venice, 1878, p. 109. [↑]