[11] Adam Smith as referred to by Ingram, p. 282. Loria (p. 97) also holds that production was decreased by the introduction of slavery. [↑]
[12] Cairnes wrote in 1862. [↑]
[13] Cairnes, pp. 43, 44, 49–52. [↑]
[14] Such was the slave system of the ancient Germans described by Tacitus: “You cannot tell master from slave by any distinction in education: they spend their time among the same flocks, upon the same land, until age separates the nobles and their valour causes them to be acknowledged.” Tacitus, Germania, 20. On the character of primitive slavery, see also Schmoller, Grundriss, I p. 339. [↑]
[15] Bagehot, pp. 73, 74; see also Flügel, p. 96, and Jhering’s excellent description of the character of slavery in early Rome (Jhering, II Part I pp. 172 sqq.). [↑]
[16] Cairnes, pp. 53–56, 62, 179 sqq. [↑]
[17] Weber’s Article “Agrarverhältnisse im Altertum”, in Handwörterbuch der Staatswissenschaften, 3rd edition (1909) I p. 63. [↑]
[18] Cairnes is also aware of the difference between ancient and modern slavery (pp. 109 sqq.). [↑]