From the Indus to the Tigris

by H. W. Bellew

Singular.			Plural.
Nom. & Acc.	í	I, me.	Nom. & Acc.	nan	we, us.
Gen.	kaná	of me, my.	Gen.	nanná	of us, our.
Dat.	kane	to me.	Dat.	nane	to us.
Abl.	kanyán	from me.	Abl.	nanyán	from us.
Singular.			Plural.
Nom. & Acc.	ní	thou, thee.	Nom. & Acc.	num	ye, you.
Gen.	ná	of thee, thy.	Gen.	numá	of you, your.
Dat.	ne	to thee.	Dat.	nume	to you.
Abl.	nyán	from thee.	Abl.	numyán	from you.
Singular.			Plural.
Nom. & Acc.	o	he, she, it, him, her, it.	Nom. & Acc.	ofk	they.
Gen.	oná	of him, his, etc.	Gen.	oftá	of them, their.
Dat.	ode	to him, her, etc.	Dat.	ofte	to them.
Abl.	odán	from him, her, etc.	Abl.	oftyán	from them.

Examples—Urá kaná mur are, my house is far off—oná tuman khurk e, his village is near—húlík numá aráng arer? where are your horses?—iragh oftyán hallak, take the bread from them—nane dír hatbo, bring us water.

The demonstrative pronouns are similarly declined.

Singular.			Plural.
Nom. & Acc.	dá	this.	Nom. & Acc.	dáfk	these.
Gen.	dáná	of this.	Gen.	dáftá	of these.
Dat.	dáde	to this.	Dat.	dáfte	to these.
Abl.	dádán	from this.	Abl.	dáftyán	from these.
Singular.			Plural.
Nom. & Acc.	e	that.	Nom. & Acc.	efk	those.
Gen.	ená	of that.	Gen.	eftá	of those.
Dat.	ede	to that.	Dat.	efte	to those.
Abl.	edán	from that.	Abl.	eftyán	from those.

Examples—Dá masar ená areghas ír e, this girl is that man’s sister—(the word areghas is here an inflected form of are, a man. In composition, where the nominative ends in a vowel, the particle ghas, and where in a consonant, the particle as, is added to distinguish the oblique case, or the accusative only)—dáfk darakhták eftyán burzo asitur, these trees are taller than those.

The possessive pronoun is expressed by the adjective ten or tenat, own, self, added to the several personal pronouns, and is regularly declined, singular and plural being the same, as í ten, I myself, nan ten, we ourselves, ní ten, thou thyself, num ten, you yourselves, o ten, he himself, ofk ten, they themselves.

Singular.			Plural.
Nom. & Acc.	í ten	myself.	Nom. & Acc.	nan ten	ourselves.
Gen.	í tenná	of myself.	Gen.	nan tenná	of ourselves.
Dat.	í tene	to myself.	Dat.	nan tene	to ourselves.
Abl.	í tenyán	from myself.	Abl.	nan tenyán	from ourselves.

And so on with the other personal pronouns above mentioned.

Examples—Ílum kaná tenat kárem kare, my brother did the work himself—í tenná zaghm are, it is my own sword—efk bandaghák ten-pa-ten jang kerá, those men are quarrelling amongst themselves.

The interrogative pronouns are der, who?, the same in the singular and plural, and applied only to animate objects, and ant, which? and ará, what? used in both numbers, but only applied to inanimate objects. The first is declined regularly. The others are indeclinable.