- de, sun.
- istár, star.
- nokh, new moon.
- túbe, full moon.
- mash, Mountain.
- dan, plain.
- chuk, bird.
- darakht, tree.
- khal, rock.
- karod, ravine.
- tang, strait.
- jal, river.
- chol, desert.
- dam-diringun, fatigue.
- khulisun, fear.
- kuskun, death.
- bíngun, hunger.
- mulás, thirst.
- phúdi, cold.
- basúní, heat.
- cahar, anger.
- pashemání, regret.
- gham, sorrow.
- armán, grief.
- pachár, helplessness.
- faryád, complaint.
- diláwarí, courage.
- khúshi, joy.
- lagorí, cowardliness.
- thap, wound.
- múch, blow.
- dakka, shove.
- ghut, prod.
- chapánt, slap.
- buz-halk, kiss.
- tawár, call.
- marám, shout.
- hoghínk, sobbing.
- makhínk, laughing.
Names of Trees and Plants.
- tút, mulberry.
- gwan, pistacia.
- hápurs, juniper.
- khat, olive.
- pish, dwarf-palm.
- hilár, date-palm.
- kirrí, tamarisk.
- kabbar, salvadora.
- pissí, jujube.
- khaler, capparis.
- kharag, calotropis.
- jawar, oleander.
- jag, poplar.
- marr, mimosa.
- anjír, fig.
- shark, rhazzia.
- zámur, mezereon.
- hóm, ephedra.
- náróm, ephedra.
- musunduk, liquorice (?)
- shámpastír, indigo-fern.
- shinz, hedysarum.
- kotor, wild almond.
- khardaruao, artemisia.
- kisánkúr, peganum.
- mungalí, salsola (?)
- lána, caroxylon.
- búndí, anabis (?)
- gomáz, arundo.
- khásum, andropogon.
- ritáchk, spurge.
- shenálo, caryophyllum.
- piplí.
- panirband, withiana.
- byh, grass.
- mora, dry lucerne.
Names of Birds and Beasts.
- chuk, bird.
- kuttám, nest.
- wacáb, eagle.
- báz, hawk.
- hil, rook.
- kulágh, crow.
- sher, tiger.
- khalegha, leopard.
- búm, owl.
- kirkashí, swallow.
- charz, bustard.
- kapot, pigeon.
- ginjishk, sparrow.
- shakúk, magpie.
- sínkúr, porcupine.
- jájak, hedgehog.
- kakáo, partridge, Greek.
- hanj, wild duck.
- murdárkhor, vulture.
- bárú, quail.
- cú, swan.
- kapínjar, partridge.
- kúkam, wild pig.
- harraf, wild goat.
- kharmá, wolf.
- kaftár, hyena.
- tola, jackal.
- shok, fox.
- rich, bear.
- bolú, monkey.
- murrú, hare.
- gorpat, badger.
- nor, mungoose.
- hal, rat.
- sarkúk, tortoise.
- shab-pirik, bat.
- malakh, locust.
- dúshá, snake.
- kirráú, lizard.
- tehlt, scorpion.
- gorkhar, wild ass.
- khazmú, gazelle.
- math, male márkhor.
- het, female márkhor.
- khár, wild sheep, male.
- gad, wild sheep, female.
- shák, horn.
- sil, skin.
Adjectives Commonly in Use.
- mon, black.
- píhun, white.
- kharun, green.
- khísun, red.
- pushkun, yellow.
- sámo, grey.
- míl, blue.
- chot, crooked.
- rást, straight.
- básun, hot.
- phuden, cold.
- bárun, dry.
- pálun, wet.
- murghun, long.
- gwand, short.
- kuchá, broad.
- tang, narrow.
- húlon, thick.
- ushkon, thin.
- tez, sharp.
- kunt, blunt.
- hukmatí, obedient.
- rást, right.
- cháp, left.
- mallók, opener.
- sakht, hard.
- khulkon, soft.
- durusht, rough.
- awár, smooth.
- bíngún, hungry.
- malás, thirsty.
- wasum, full.
- sun, empty.
- khuben, heavy.
- subuk, light.
- zaft, quick.
- madám, slow.
- báz, much.
- machit, little.
- balo, large.
- chuno, small.
- pír, old.
- warná, young.
- khad, deep.
- shef, shallow.
- arzán, cheap.
- girán, dear.
- jor, well.
- nájor, sick.
- taffók, shutter.
- mutkun, old.
- puzkun, new.
- tárma, dark.
- roshtírak, bright.
- mur, far.
- khurk, near.
- sharo, good.
- gando, bad.
- bahádur, bold.
- lagor, timid.
- hanen, sweet.
- kháren, sour.
- talkh, bitter.
- turun, acrid.
- burzo, tall.
- mandar, short.
- khor, blind.
- kar, deaf.
- gánuk, mad.
- gung, dumb.
- shifárk, lean.
- húlan, fat.
- mand, lame.
- leláwí, greedy.
- dhakkók, hider.
VERBS.
The verbs in common use are here given in alphabetical order. As a guide to conjugation on the paradigms already given, the forms of the root and present and past tenses are added. The imperative is in the second person plural, and the present and past tenses in the third person singular.
| English. | Infinitive. | Imperative. | Present. | Past. |
|---|
| abandon | íling | ílbo or ílabo | íle or ílate | ílene or íl |
| abound | báz-maning | báz-mabo | báz-are | báz-mas |
| abuse | kiring | kiribo | kirite | kir |
| accept | haling | halbo | hale | halk |
| adhere | liching | lichibo | liche | lich |
| adorn | zeb-tining | zeb-tibo | tire | tis |
| allot | bakhshing | bakhshbo | bakhshe | bakhsh |
| alter | harsing | harsibo | harse | hars |
| arrive | rasing | rasibo | rase | ras |
| ask | harafing | harafebo | harafe | haraf |
| assault | hrúsh-kanning | hrúsh-kabo | hrúsh-ke | hrúsh-kar |
| awake | bash-maning | bash-mabo | bash-are | bash-mas |
| await (seek) | huning | honbo | hore | hor |
| become | maning | mabo | are-e | mas |
| beat | khaling | khalbo | khale | khalk |
| beg | pinding | pindbo | pinde | pind |
| begot, to be | vadí-maning | vadí-mabo | vadí-are | vadí-mas |
| begin | shurú-kaning | shurú-kabo | shurú-ke | shurú-kar |
| bend | dol-kaning | dol-kabo | dol-ke | dol-kar |
| bind | tafing | tafbo | tafe | taf |
| bite | daling | dalbo | dale | dal |
| bleat | laláring | lalárbo | laláre | lalár |
| blow | laging | lagbo | lage | lag |
| boil, a. | básing | básbo | báse | bás |
| boil, n. | joshing | joshbo | joshe | josh |
| braid | gofing | gofbo | gofe | gof |
| bring | hataring | hatbo | hate | hes |
| break | piraghing | pirabo | pire | piragh |
| breathe | uf-kaning | uf-kabo | uf-ke | uf-kar |
| bring | haling | halbo | hale | halk |
| burn | hoshing | hoshbo | hoshe | hosh |
| burst | chiling | chilbo | chile | chil |
| bury | cabr-kaning | cabr-kabo | cabr-ke | cabr-kar |
| buy | saudá-haling | saudá-halbo | saudá-hale | saudá-halk |
| call | tawár-kaning | tawár-kabo | tawár-ke | tawár-kar |
| carry | daning | danbo | dare | dar |
| cast | biting | bitibo | bite | bit |
| carve | kishking | kishbo | kishe | kishk |
| catch | haling | halbo | hale | halk |
| clothe | berfing | berbo | berfe | berf |
| collect | much-kaning | much-kabo | much-ke | much-kar |
| come | baning | babo | bare | bas |
| conceal | dhaking | dhabo | dhake | dhak |
| cook | bising | biribo | bire | bis |
| copulate | haning | hanbo | hane | han |
| cough | jhaking | jhakabo | jhake | jhak |
| count | hisáb-kaning | hisáb-kabo | hisáb-ke | hisáb-kar |
| cover | dhaking | dhakbo | dhake | dhak |
| cry | hoghing | hoghbo | hoye | hogh |
| cut | haring | harbo | hare | har |
| dance | nách-kaning | nách-kabo | nách-ke | nách-kar |
| deceive | refing | refbo | refe | ref |
| die | kahing | kahbo | kahe | kah |
| dig | kad-khaling | kad-khalbo | kad-khale | kad-khalk |
| divide | bakhshing | bakhshbo | bakhshe | bakhsh |
| draw | kashing | kashbo | kashe | kash |
| dream | túgh-khaning | túgh-khanbo | túgh-khane | túgh-khan |
| drink | dír-kuning | dír-kubo | dír-kune | dír-kun |
| drop | chaking | chakbo | chake | chak |
| dwell | já-maning | já-mabo | já-are | já-mas |
| do | kaning | kabo | ke | kar |
| eat | kuning | kubo | kune | kun |
| endure | kashing | kashbo | kashe | kash |
| enter | tahtí-baning | tahtí-babo | tahtí-bare | tahtí-bas |
| escape | chhuting | chhutbo | chhute | chhut |
| empty | musun-kaning | musun-kabo | musun-ke | musun-kar |
| fall | taming | tambo | tame | tam |
| fear | khuling | khulbo | khule | khul |
| flee | nering | nerbo | nere | ner |
| fly | bál-kaning | bál-kabo | bál-ke | bál-kar |
| fight | jang-kaning | jang-kabo | jang-ke | jang-kar |
| fill | pur-kaning | pur-kabo | pur-ke | pur-kar |
| forbid | rad-kaning | rad-kabo | rad-ke | rad-kar |
| forget | yád-hining | yád-hirbo | yád-hire | yád-hir |
| forgive | bashking | bashkbo | bashke | bashk |
| forsake | íling | ílbo | íle | íl |
| frighten | khulífing | khulífbo | khulífe | khulíf |
| fry | bhugí-kaning | bhugí-kabo | bhugí-ke | bhugí-kar |
| follow | randat-hining | randat-hinbo | randat-káe | randat-hin |
| gallop | dudefing | dudefbo | dudefe | dudef |
| gather | much-kaning | much-kabo | much-ke | much-kar |
| get up | bash-maning | bash-mabo | bash-are | bash-mas |
| give | tining | tinbo or tibo | tire | tis |
| go | hining | hinbo | káe | hin |
| graze | khwáfing | khwáfbo | khwáfe | khwáf |
| grind | nusing | nusbo | nuse | nus |
| growl | báshághing | báshábo | báshághe | báshágh |
| guess | samá-kaning | samá-kabo | samá-ke | samá-kar |
| hang | laronj-kaning | laronj-kabo | laronj-ke | laronj-kar |
| happen | taming | tambo | tame | tam |
| have | toning | tonbo | tore | ton |
| hear | bining | binbo | bire | bin |
| hide | dhaking | dhakbo | dhake | dhak |
| hold | toning | tonbo | tore | ton |
| hug | gwar-haling | gwar-halbo | gwar-hale | gwar-halk |
| inquire | harafing | harafebo | harafe | haraf |
| itch | kháring | khárbo | kháre | khár |
| join | much-tining | much-tibo | much-tire | much-tis |
| keep | nigáh-toning | nigáh-tonbo | nigáh-tore | nigáh-ton |
| kick | laghat-khaling | laghat-khalbo | laghat-khale | laghat-khalk |
| kill | kasfing | kasfebo | kasfe | kas |
| kiss | pak-tining | pak-tibo | pak-tire | pak-tis |
| kiss | buz-haling | buz-halbo | buz-hale | buz-halk |
| knead | much-kaning (?) | much-kabo | much-ke | much-kar |
| know | sháhing | sháhibo | sháhe | sháh |
| laugh | makhing | makhbo | makhe | makh |
| lay | túlfing | túlfebo | túlfe | túl |
| lead | duning | dunbo | dure | dur |
| leak | chutfing | chutfebo | chutfe | chut |
| learn | hífing | hífbo | hífe | híf |
| leave | íling | ílbo | íle | íl |
| let go | íla-kaning | íla-kabo | íla-ke | íla-kar |
| lie | drogh-páning | drogh-pabo | drogh-pare | drogh-par |
| lick | chating | chatebo | chate | chat |
| lift | hefing | hefbo | hefe | hef |
| light | roshtínk-tining | roshtínk-tibo | roshtínk-tire | roshtínk-tis |
| listen | khafing | khafbo | khafe | khaf |
| live | zind-maning | zind-mabo | zind-are | zind-mas |
| loathe | gando-daning | gando-danbo | gando-dare | gando-dar |
| lodge | jáeti-maning | jáeti-mabo | jáeti-are | jáeti-mas |
| look | khaning | khanbo | khane | khan |
| lose | gohing | gohebo | gohe | goh |
| make | kaning | kabo | ke | kar |
| marry | barám-kaning | barám-kabo | barám-ke | barám-kar |
| measure | dághing | dághebo | dághe | dágh |
| meet | huning | hunbo | hure | hur |
| mend | jor-kaning | jor-kabo | jor-ke | jor-kar |
| melt | dír-kaning | dír-kabo | dír-ke | dír-kar |
| milk | bhíring | bhírbo | bhíre | bhír |
| miss | rad-kaning | rad-kabo | rad-ka | rad-kar |
| mix | awár-kaning | awár-kabo | awár-ke | awár-kar |
| move | surfing | surfebo | surfe | sur |
| open | maling | malbo | male | mal |
| open | ithing | ithibo | ithe | ith |
| pass | gidring | gidirebo | gidire | gidar |
| pinch | chundik-tining | chundik-tibo | chundik-tire | chundik-tis |
| place | túlfing | túlfebo | túlfe | túl |
| plant | tikhing | tikhbo | tikhe | tikh |
| play | makhing | makhbo | makhe | makh |
| pluck | bening | benbo | bere | ber |
| poke | ghut-khaling | ghut-khalbo | ghut-khale | ghut-khalk |
| possess | daning | danbo | dare | dar |
| pour | shághing | sholbo | shághe | shol |
| pull | kashing | kashbo | kashe | kash |
| push | dhakka-tining | dhakka-tibo | dhakka-tire | dhakka-tis |
| quarrel | jang-kaning | jang-kabo | jang-ke | jang-kar |
| question | harfing | harfbo | harfe | haraf |
| rain | dasing | dasbo | dase | das |
| raise | hefing | hefbo | hefe | hef |
| reach | rasing | rasbo | rase | ras |
| read | khwáning | khwánbo | khwáne | khwán |
| reap | rúting | rútbo | rúte | rút |
| recline | túgh-maning | túgh-mabo | túgh-are | túgh-mas |
| recognise | cháning | chánbo | cháne | chás |
| recollect | yád-tiling | yád-tilbo | yád-tile | yád-tilk |
| remind | yád-tining | yád-tibo | yád-tire | yád-tis |
| release | chhutfing | chhutfebo | chhutfe | chhut |
| reject | rad-kaning | rad-kabo | rad-ke | rad-kar |
| rest | dam-daning | dam-danbo | dam-dare | dam-dar |
| remain | manzil-maning | manzil-mabo | manzil-are | manzil-mas |
| rinse | píling | pílbo | píle | píl |
| repel | hy-kaning | hy-kabo | hy-ke | hy-kar |
| respire | dam-kashing | dam-kashbo | dam-kashe | dam-kashk |
| return | harsing | harsebo | harse | hars |
| ride | suwár-maning | suwár-mabo | suwár-are | suwár-mas |
| rise | bash-maning | bash-mabo | bash-are | bash-mas |
| rob | duzdí-kaning | duzdí-kabo | duzdí-ke | duzdí-kar |
| roll | redeting | redetebo | redete | redet |
| rub | mushking | mushkbo | mushke | mushk |
| run | halma-kaning | halma-kabo | halma-ke | halma-kar |
| say | páning | pábo | páre | pár |
| scatter | khasing | khasbo | khase | khas |
| scrape | tráshing | tráshbo | tráshe | trásh |
| scratch | khárfing | khárfebo | khárfe | kháraf |
| search | pating | patbo | pate | pat |
| see | khaning | khanbo | khane | khan |
| seek | huning | hunbo | hure | hur |
| seize | phuling | phulbo | phule | phul |
| sell | saudá-kaning | saudá-kabo | saudá-ke | saudá-kar |
| send | ráhí-kaning | ráhí-kabo | ráhí-ke | ráhí-kar |
| sew | múghing | múghbo | múghe | múgh |
| share | sholfing | sholfebo | sholfe | sholaf |
| shine | rosh-tining | rosh-tibo | rosh-tire | rosh-tis |
| shiver | larzing | larzbo | larze | larz |
| shout | marám-kaning | marám-kabo | marám-ke | marám-kar |
| shut | tafing | tafbo | tafe | taf |
| sing | sha’ir-páning | sha’ir-pábo | sha’ir-páre | sha’ir-pár |
| sit | túling | túsbo | túse | tús |
| sleep | túgh-kaning | túgh-kabo | túgh-ke | túgh-kar |
| slip | lughusht-haling | lughusht-halbo | lughusht-hale | lughusht-halk |
| seat | túlfing | túlfebo | túlfe | túlaf |
| sneeze | nich-tining | nich-tibo | nich-tire | nich-tis |
| sow | dasfing | dasfebo | dasfe | dasaf |
| speak | hít-kaning | hít-kabo | hít-ke | hít-kar |
| spill | sholing | sholbo | shole | shol |
| stumble | leting | letbo | lete | let |
| spin, n. | harsing | harsbo | harse | hars |
| spin, a. | harsefing | harsefebo | harsefe | harsef |
| spit | túf-kaning | túf-kabo | túf-ke | túf-kar |
| split | trakhing | trakhbo | trakhe | trakh |
| spread | tálán-kaning | tálán-kabo | tálán-ke | tálán-kar |
| sprinkle | chateting | chatetebo | chatete | chatet |
| stand | saling | salbo | sale | sal |
| stay | maning | mabo | are | mas |
| stoop | shefming | shefmabo | shefe | shef |
| strain | chhán-kaning | chhán-kabo | chhán-ke | chhán-kar |
| strike | khaling | khalbo | khale | khalk |
| strip | laghar-kaning | laghar-kabo | laghar-ke | laghar-kar |
| suck | chusfing | chusfebo | chusfe | chusaf |
| sweat | khet-kaning | khet-kabo | khet-ke | khet-kar |
| swell | pirsing | pirsbo | pirse | pirs |
| sweep | rofing | rofbo | rofe | rof |
| swim | tár-khaling | tár-khalbo | tár-khale | tár-khalk |
| swing | jhulut-kaning | jhulut-kabo | jhulut-ke | jhulut-kar |
| take | haling | halbo | hale | halk |
| take away | harf-hining | harf-hinbo | harf-káe | harf-hin |
| talk | hít-kaning | hít-kabo | hít-ke | hít-kar |
| tap | tak-khaling | tak-khalbo | tak-khale | tak-khalk |
| taste | chaking | chakebo | chake | chak |
| teach | sarpan-kaning | sarpan-kabo | sarpan-ke | sarpan-kar |
| tear | haring | haribo | hare | har |
| throw | harabing (biting) | harabebo | harabe | harab |
| tickle | gudulú-kaning | gudulú-kabo | gudulú-ke | gudulú-kar |
| till (plough) | langár-kaning | langár-kabo | langár-ke | langár-kar |
| tire | dam-daning | dam-danbo | dam-dare | dam-dar |
| trip | thábo-kaning | thábo-kabo | thábo-ke | thábo-kar |
| turn, n. | harsing | harsebo | harse | haras |
| twine | peching | pechebo | peche | pech |
| twist | res-tining | res-tibo | res-tire | res-tis |
| tumefy | padám-kaning | padám-kabo | padám-ke | padám-kar |
| turn, a. | harsefing | harsefebo | harsefe | harsef |
| understand | sarpan-maning | sarpan-mabo | sarpan-are | sarpan-mas |
| upset | musun-kaning | musun-kabo | musun-ke | musun-kar |
| wait | jáeti-maning | jáeti-mabo | jáeti-are | jáeti-mas |
| walk | kasar-hining | kasar-hinbo | kasar-káe | kasar-hin |
| wander | charing | charbo | chare | char |
| want | aling-bating | albo-batbo | ale-bate | al-bat |
| wash | siling | silbo | sile | sil |
| wear | bening | benbo | bene | ben |
| weare | báfing | báfbo | báfe | báf |
| weep | hoghing | hoyibo | hoye | hogh |
| weigh | tol-kaning | tol-kabo | tol-ke | tol-kar |
| wink | khan-khaling | khan-khalbo | khan-khale | khan-khalk |
| wish | árzú-takhing | árzú-takhbo | árzú-takhe | árzú-takh |
| whistle | shutár-kashing | shutár-kashbo | shutár-kashe | shutár-kash |
| work | kárem-kaning | kárem-kabo | kárem-ke | kárem-kar |
| wound | thading | thadbo | thade | thad |
| wrap | much-kaning | much-kabo | much-ke | much-kar |
| wring | píling | pílbo | píle | píl |
| write | nabisht-kaning | nabisht-kabo | nabisht-ke | nabisht-kar |