Considering the abutment and wing wall work, comprising 594 cu. yds., separately, the cost was as follows:
| Forms: | Per cu. yd. |
| Materials | $1.20 |
| Labor | 1.09 |
| —— | |
| Total | $2.29 |
| Concrete: | |
| Materials | $2.92 |
| Labor | 2.38 |
| —— | |
| Total | $5.30 |
| Heating water and gravel | $0.70 |
| Grand total | $8.29 |
Considering the arch span, comprising 290 cu. yds., separately, the cost was as follows:
| Forms: | Per cu. yd. |
| Materials | $3.70 |
| Labor | 3.03 |
| —— | |
| Total | $6.73 |
| Concrete: | |
| Materials | $3.22 |
| Labor | 3.57 |
| Total | $6.79 |
| Grand total | $13.52 |
CHAPTER XVIII.
METHODS AND COST OF CULVERT CONSTRUCTION.
Culvert work is generally located on the line of a railway or a highway, so that the facilities for getting plant and materials onto the work are the best, and as culverts are in most cases through embankment, under trestle or in trench below the ground level the advantage of gravity is had in handling materials to mixer and to forms. Ordinarily individual culverts are not long enough for any material economy to be obtained by using sectional forms unless these forms are capable of being used on other jobs which may occasionally be the case where standard culvert sections have been adopted by a railway or by a state highway commission. Various styles of sectional forms for curvelinear sections are given in Chapter XXI, and centers suitable for large arch culverts are discussed in Chapter XVII. Figure 169 shows an economic form for box sections; it can be made in panels or with continuous lagging as the prospects of reuse in other work may determine. For curvelinear sections of small size some of the patented metal forms have been successfully used.