[273] In the genus Tocotrema the common genital duct opens into the ventral sucker.
[274] It is noteworthy that in this almost classical case no worms were found in any of the sections. It is further noteworthy that the eggs in the rectum showed great irregularity of form. Eggs with a spine at each end were not uncommon; exceptionally eggs with two polar spines and one lateral.
[275] In a case from Madras, recorded by Stephens and Christophers, the eggs were long and spindle-shaped, quite unlike the eggs of Schistosoma hæmatobium.
[276] They may remain simple, and are then not separated from the remaining muscles of the scolex; or they project as roundish or elongated structures over the scolex, hollow on their free surface, and often divided into numerous areas by muscular transverse ribs. They may also carry accessory suckers on their surface.
[277] The various parts of a hooklet are thus named from the point backwards: (1) blade or prong, (2) guard or ventral or posterior root, (3) handle or dorsal or anterior root.
[278] There are, however, tapeworms with only one, others with only two or three testes in each segment.
[279] I.e., regarded from the interior or centre of the invagination.
[280] Bothridia or “phyllidia” are outgrowths from the scolex. They are concave and extremely mobile. By some authors the term “phyllidium” is used for the outgrowth, and the term “bothridium” is restricted to the muscular cup. Bothria, on the other hand, are grooves more or less wide, the musculature of which is only slightly developed and is not separated off internally from the parenchyma. Acetabula, or suckers in the usual sense, are hemispherical cups, without lips and with musculature separated internally from the parenchyma.
[281] Until recently this worm, which was understood to belong to a separate species, was proved on examination by R. Blanchard (“Mai. Par.,” 1896), to be Dibothriocephalus latus. Compare also Galli-Valerio, in Centralbl. f. Bakt., Path. und Infektionskr., 1900 (1), xxvii, p. 308.
[282] The genus is by some authors divided into two sub-genera—Hymenolepis, s. str., and Drepanidotænia, Raill.