[119] The primary sources for the mythology of the Chibchan tribes at the time of the Conquest are Pedro Simon, Lucas Fernandez Piedrahíta (especially I, iii, iv), and Cieza de León. Simon's "Cuarta Noticia," in eighteen chapters, is the fullest exposition of Chibcha beliefs and history; along with the "Tercera Noticia" it is printed in Kingsborough, viii, which is here cited (pp. 244, 263-64 quoted). Other authorities include Humboldt, Joyce [c], chh. i, ii; Acosta de Samper, ch. viii; Sir Clements Markham, art. "Andeans," in ERE; and Beuchat, pp. 549-50. On the deluge myth see also Bandelier [c].
[120] The story of the giants is given by Cieza de León [a], ch. lii; see also Velasco, p. 12; Bandelier , where the literature of the subject is assembled; and Saville, 1907, p. 9. The archaeology of the region, with numerous plates, is presented in Saville's reports; ii. 88-123 (1910) contains a description and discussion of the stone seats; while brief accounts are to be found in Beuchat and in Joyce [c].
[121] Velasco is the chief authority for the career of the people of Cara. The discoveries of Dorsey on the island of La Plata give an added significance to these tales of men from the sea.
[122] Balboa (TC), ch. vii; cf. Joyce [c], ch. iii.
[123] The history and archaeology of aboriginal Peru is summarized by Markham, The Incas of Peru (1910), to which his notes and introductions to his many translations of Spanish works, published by the Hakluyt Society, form a varied supplementation. Among earlier authorities E. G. Squier, Travel and Exploration in the Land of the Incas (1877), and Castelnau, Expédition (1850-52), are eminent; while of later authorities the more conspicuous are: for Inca monuments, Bingham, of the Yale Expedition, and Baessler; for Tiahuanaco, Créqui-Montfort, of the Mission scientifique française à Tiahuanaco, Bandelier, Gonzalez de la Rosa, Posnansky, Uhle and Stübel; for the coastal regions, Baessler, Reiss and Stübel, Uhle, Tello; and for the Calchaqui territories, Ambrosetti, Boman, and Lafone Quevado. General and comparative studies are presented in Wissler, The American Indian; Beuchat, Manuel; Joyce, South American Archeology; Spinden, Handbook; while a careful effort to restore the sequences of cultures in Peru is Means, "Outline of the Culture-Sequence in the Andean Area," in CA xix (Washington, 1917).
[124] Cieza de León [a], ch. xxxvi.
[125] The origin of agriculture in America is regarded by Spinden, "The Origin and Distribution of Agriculture in America," CA xix (Washington, 1917), as probably Mexican. From Mexico it passed north and south, reaching its limiting areas in the neighbourhoods of the St. Lawrence and of La Plata. Cf. Wissler, The American Indian.
[126] Montesinos's lists are analyzed by Markham [a]. See, also, Means; cf. Pietschmann.
[127] Uhle, especially [a], [c], and art., CA xviii (London, 1913), "Die Muschelhügel von Ancon, Peru"; Bingham , [c].
[128] Means, CA xix (Washington, 1917), p. 237, gives as the general chronological background of Peruvian culture: